1,069
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Examining Sources of Social Norms Supporting Child Corporal Punishment Among Low-Income Black, Latino, and White Parents

ORCID Icon, , &

References

  • Belsky, J. (1980). An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35(4), 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.35.4.320
  • Berlin, L. J., Ispa, J. M., Fine, M. A., Malone, P. S., Brooks- Gunn, J., Brady-Smith, C., Ayoub, C., & Bai, Y. (2009). Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low-income White, African American, and Mexican American toddlers. Child Development, 80(5), 1403–1420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01341.x
  • Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
  • Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for child physical abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(2–3), 121–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00021-5
  • Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M., & Robson, K. (2001). Focus groups in social research. Sage.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020a). Preventing child abuse & neglect. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/fastfact.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020b). Preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Leveraging the best available evidence. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/preventingACES.pdf
  • Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct- Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022–3514.58.6.1015
  • Deater-Deckard, K., & Lansford, J. E. (2017). Cultural norms and definitions of violence. In P. Sturmey (Ed.), The Wiley handbook of violence and aggression (pp. 1–11). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Duong, H. T., & Liu, J. (2019). Vaping in the news: The influence of news exposure on perceived e-cigarette use norms. American Journal of Health Education, 50(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2018.1548315
  • Duong, H. T., Monahan, J., Kollar, L. M. M., & Klevens, J. (2021). Identifying knowledge, self-efficacy, and response efficacy of nonphysical discipline strategies among low-income Black, Hispanic, and White parents. Health Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa053
  • Duong, H. T., Nguyen, L. T. V., Vu, H. T., & Trinh, A. T. (2020). Association between online social influence and corporal punishment: An experimental study. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(2), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-019-00632-9
  • Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of children’s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
  • Fontes, L. A. (2005). Child abuse and culture: Working with diverse families. Guilford Press.
  • Fortson, B. L., Klevens, J., Merrick, M. T., Gilbert, L. K., & Alexander, S. P. (2016). Preventing child abuse and neglect: A technical package for policy, norm, and programmatic activities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/CAN-Prevention-Technical-Package.pdf
  • Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539–579. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539
  • Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191
  • Gershoff, E. T., Lansford, J. E., Sexton, H. R., Davis-Kean, P., & Sameroff, A. J. (2012). Longitudinal links between spanking and children’s externalizing behaviors in a national sample of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American families: Spanking and externalizing behavior. Child Development, 83(3), 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01732.x
  • Haines, M. P., Perkins, H. W., Rice, R. M., & Barker, G. (2005). A guide to marketing social norms for health promotion in schools and communities. National Social Norms Resource Center.
  • Hogg, M. A., & Tindale, R. S. (2005). Social identity, influence, and communication in small groups. In J. Harwood & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 141–164). Peter Lang.
  • Hogg, M. A., & Reid, S. A. (2006). Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms. Communication Theory, 16(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00003.x
  • Holden, G. W. (2020). Why do parents hit their children? From cultural to unconscious determinants. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 73(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1690858
  • Infante, D. A. (2005). Corporal punishment of children: A communication theory. In M. Donnelly & M. Straus (Eds.), Corporal punishment of children in theoretical perspective (pp. 183–198). Yale University Press.
  • Kassing, J. W., Pearce, K. J., Infante, D. A., & Pyles, S. M. (1999). Exploring the communicative nature of corporal punishment. Communication Research Reports, 16(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099909388697
  • Klevens, J., Mercer Kollar, L., Rizzo, G., O’Shea, G., Nguyen, J., & Roby, S. (2019). Commonalities and differences in social norms related to corporal punishment among Black, Latino and White Parents. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0591-z
  • Klika, J. B., Haboush-Deloye, A., & Linkenbach, J. (2019). Hidden protections: Identifying social norms associated with child abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0595-8
  • Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x
  • LeCuyer, E. A., Christensen, J. J., Kearney, M. H., & Kitzman, H. J. (2011). African American mothers’ self-described discipline strategies with young children. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 34(3), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.3109/01460862.2011.596457
  • Lee, J. Y., Grogan-Kaylor, A. C., Lee, S. J., Ammari, T., Lu, A., & Davis-Kean, P. (2020). A qualitative analysis of stay-at-home parents’ spanking tweets. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01691-3
  • MacMillan, H. L., & Mikton, C. R. (2017). Moving research beyond the spanking debate. Child Abuse & Neglect, 71, 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.012
  • Maker, A. H., Shah, P. V., & Agha, Z. (2005). Child physical abuse: Prevalence, characteristics, predictors, and beliefs about parent-child violence in South Asian, Middle Eastern, East Asian, and Latina Women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(11), 1406–1428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260505278713
  • Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). Ten years of research on the false-consensus effect: An empirical and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 102(1), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.72
  • Mead, E. L., Rimal, R. N., Ferrence, R., & Cohen, J. E. (2014). Understanding the sources of normative influence on behavior: The example of tobacco. Social Science & Medicine, 115, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.030
  • Mitchell, L. (2008). Corporal punishment and low-income mothers. Cambria Press.
  • Mullen, B., Atkins, J. L., Champion, D. S., Edwards, C., Hardy, D., Story, J. E., & Vanderklok, M. (1985). The false consensus effect: A meta-analysis of 115 hypothesis tests. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(3), 262–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(85)90020-4
  • Perkins, H. W. (2003). The social norms approach to preventing school and college age substance abuse: A handbook for educators, counselors, and clinicians. Jossey-Bass.
  • Rimal, R. N., & Lapinski, M. K. (2015). A re-explication of social norms, ten years later. Communication Theory, 25(4), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12080
  • Roberto, A. J., Carlyle, K. E., & Goodall, C. E. (2007). Communication and corporal punishment: The relationship between self-report parent verbal and physical aggression. Communication Research Reports, 24(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090701304741
  • Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(3), 279–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-X
  • Sherman, S. J., Presson, C. C., Chassin, L., Corty, E., & Olshavsky, R. (1983). The false consensus effect in estimates of smoking prevalence: Underlying mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167283092003
  • Straus, M. A. (2001). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families and its effects on children. Transaction Publishers.
  • Straus, M. A. (2002). Communicating the no-spanking message to parents. Journal of Family Communication, 2(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327698JFC0201_2
  • Taussig, H. N., & Talmi, A. (2001). Ethnic differences in risk behaviors and related psychosocial variables among a cohort of maltreated adolescents in foster care. Child Maltreatment, 6(2), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559501006002010
  • Taylor, C. A., Al-Hiyari, R., Lee, S. J., Priebe, A., Guerrero, L. W., & Bales, A. (2016). Beliefs and ideologies linked with approval of corporal punishment: A content analysis of online comments. Health Education Research, 31(4), 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyw029
  • Taylor, C. A., Hamvas, L., & Paris, R. (2011). Perceived instrumentality and normativeness of corporal punishment use among Black mothers. Family Relations, 60(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2010.00633.x
  • Turner, J. C. (1987). A self-categorization theory. In J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, & M. S. Wetherell (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp. 42–67). Basil Blackwell.
  • US Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Children’s Bureau. (2019). Child maltreatment 2017. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/resource/child-maltreatment-2017
  • Vaughan-Eden, V., Holden, G. W., & LeBlanc, S. S. (2019). Commentary: Changing the social norm about corporal punishment. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0592-y
  • Wauchope, B. A., & Straus, M. A. (1992). Physical punishment and physical abuse of American children: Incidence rates by age, gender, and occupational class. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families (pp. 133–148). Transaction Publishers.
  • Wilson, S. R., Norris, A. M., Shi, X., & Rack, J. J. (2010). Comparing physically abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children during interactions with their parents: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Communication Monographs, 77(4), 540–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2010.502535

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.