“We Aren’t Here to Win; We are Here Not to Lose”: Emergency Physicians’ Communicative Management of Uncertainty

References

• Apker, J., Mallak, L. A., & Gibson, S. C. (2007). Communicating in the “gray zone”: Perceptions about emergency physician–hospitalist handoffs and patient safety. Academic Emergency Medicine, 14(10), 884–894. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babrow, A. S., Kasch, C. R., & Ford, L. A. (1998). The many meanings of uncertainty in illness: Toward a systematic accounting. Health Communication, 10(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327027hc1001_1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhise, V., Meyer, A. N. D., Menon, S., Singhal, G., Street, R. L., Giardina, T. D., & Singh, H. (2018). Patient perspectives on how physicians communicate diagnostic uncertainty: An experimental vignette study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(1), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzx170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brashers, D. E., Goldsmith, D. J., & Hsieh, E. (2002). Information seeking and avoiding in health contexts. Human Communication Research, 28(2), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00807.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., Russell, J. A., Cardillo, L. W., Haas, S. M., Dobbs, L. K., Garland, M., McCartney, B., & Nemeth, S. (2003). The medical, personal, and social causes of uncertainty in HIV illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24(5), 497–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840305292
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brashers, D. E. (2001). Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication, 51(3), 477–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02892.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzozek, C., Benke, K. K., Zeleke, B. M., Abramson, M. J., & Benke, G. (2018). Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and memory performance: Sources of uncertainty in epidemiological cohort studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgoon, J. K. (1993). Interpersonal expectations, expectancy violations, and emotional communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 12(1–2), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X93121003
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, D. S., Kelly, J. J., Beach, C., Berkeley, R. P., Bitterman, R. A., Broida, R. I., Dalsey, W. C., Klauer, K. M., McCullough, L. B., Patterson, E. S., Pham, J. C., Phelan, M. P., Pines, J. M., Schenkel, S. M., Tomolo, A., Turbiak, T. W., & White, M. L. (2010). Improving handoffs in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 55(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisholm, R., & Finnell, J. T. (2012). Emergency department physician internet use during clinical encounters. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings (pp. 1176–1183). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3540428/
   Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dean, M., & Oetzel, J. G. (2014). Physicians’ perspectives of managing tensions around dimensions of effective communication in the emergency department. Health Communication, 29(3), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.743869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickerson, S., Reinhart, A. M., Feeley, T. H., Bidani, R., Rich, E., Garg, V. K., & Hershey, C. O. (2004). Patient Internet use for health information at three urban primary care clinics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 11(6), 499–504. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, E. M., Murphy, A. G., Sutcliffe, K., Wears, R., Schenkel, S., Perry, S., & Vanderhoef, M. (2005). Communication in emergency medicine: Implications for patient safety. Communication Monographs, 72(4), 390–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750500322602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbanks, R. J., Bisantz, A. M., & Sunm, M. (2007). Emergency department communication links and patterns. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 50(4), 396–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Han, P. K. J., Babrow, A., Hillen, M. A., Gulbrandsen, P., Smets, E. M., & Ofstad, E. H. (2019). Uncertainty in health care: Towards a more systematic program of research. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(10), 1756–1766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, P. K. J., Klein, W. M. P., & Arora, N. K. (2011). Varieties of uncertainties in health care: A conceptual taxonomy. Medical Decision Making, 31(6), 828–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X10393976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, P. K. J., Strout, T. P., Gutheil, C., Germann, C., King, B., Ofstad, E., Gulbrandsen, P., & Trowbridge, R. (2021). How physicians manage medical uncertainty: A qualitative study and conceptual taxonomy. Medical Decision Making, 4(3), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X21992340
   Google Scholar
• Hewson, M. G., Kindy, P. J., Van Kirk, J., Gennis, V. A., & Day, R. P. (1996). Strategies for managing uncertainty and complexity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 11(8), 481–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, K., Jones, C., & Vivolo-Kantor, A. (2021). Trends in US emergency department visits for mental health, overdose, and violence outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, J., & Shim, M. (2010). The role of provider–patient communication and trust in online sources in Internet use for health-related activities. Journal of Health Communication, 15(sup3), 186–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.522691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffrey, B., & Troman, G. (2004). Time for ethnography. British Educational Research Journal, 30(4), 535–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192042000237220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalke, K., Studd, H., & Scherr, C. L. (2021). The communication of uncertainty in health: A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling, 4(3), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.01.034
   Google Scholar
• Katz, J. (1984). The silent world of doctor and patient. Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Yun, B. J., Aaronson, E. L., Kaafarani, H. M., Linov, P., Rao, S. K., Weilburg, J. B., & Lee, J. (2018). The next step to reducing emergency department (ED) crowding: Engaging specialist physicians. PLoS One, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201393
   Google Scholar
• Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (1999). Measuring the sources and content of relational uncertainty. Communication Studies, 50(4), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510979909388499
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, M. W. (2004). Managing uncertainty in organizational communication. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, K. (2018). Reconceptualizing uncertainty in illness: Commonalities, variations, and the multidimensional nature of uncertainty. Annals of the International Communication Association, 42(3), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2018.1492354
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, G., Goldberg, R., & Compton, S. (2009). Tolerance for uncertainty, burnout, and satisfaction with the career of emergency medicine. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.12.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton, R., Robinson, O., Harrison, R., Mason, S., Conner, M., & Wilson, B. (2019). Are more experienced clinicians better able to tolerate uncertainty and manage risks? A vignette study of doctors in three NHS emergency departments in England. BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(5), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-009078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. E., & Caughlin, J. P. (2013). “We’re going to be survivors”: Couples’ identity challenges during and after cancer treatment. Communication Monographs, 80(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2012.739703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. E. (2012). Sources of uncertainty in cancer survivorship. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 6(4), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-012-0229-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. E. (2014). Uncertainty management and information seeking in cancer survivorship. Health Communication, 29(3), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.739949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishel, M. H. (1988). Uncertainty in illness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20(4), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1988.tb00082.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mishel, M. H. (1990). Reconceptualization of the uncertainty in illness theory. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22(4), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00225.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morganti, K. G., Bauhoff, S., Blanchard, J. C., Abir, M., Iyer, N., Smith, A., Vesely, J. V., Okeke, E. N., & Kellermann, A. L. (2013). The evolving role of emergency departments in the United States. Rand Health Quarterly, 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4945168/
   Google Scholar
• Naccarella, L., Raggatt, M., & Redley, B. (2019). The influence of spatial design on team communication in hospital emergency departments. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 12(2), 100–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718800481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Person, J., Spiva, L., & Hart, P. (2013). The culture of an emergency department: An ethnographic study. International Emergency Nursing, 21(4), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2012.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portnoy, D. B., Han, P. K. J., Ferrer, R. A., Klein, W. M. P., & Clauser, S. B. (2011). Physicians’ attitudes about communicating and managing scientific uncertainty differ by perceived ambiguity aversion of their patients. Health Expectations, 16(4), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00717.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rains, S. A. (2014). Health information seeking and the World Wide Web: An uncertainty management perspective. Health Communication, 19(11), 1296–1307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.872731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. C., & Spence, P. B. (2008). Collaborative information seeking: A field study of a multidisciplinary patient care team. Information Processing & Management, 44(1), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2006.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, S., Roshangar, F., Rahmani, A., Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, F., Sarbakhsh, P., & Parvan, K. (2021). Emergency nurses’ attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and teamwork and their affecting factors: A cross-sectional study. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 10(3), 173–180. http://eprints.kaums.ac.ir/5680/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, S. M., Hamilton, G. C., Moyer, P., & Stapczynski, J. S. (1998). Definition of emergency medicine. Academic Emergency Medicine, 5(4), 348–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02720.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrook, R. (1996). The role of the emergency department. New England Journal of Medicine, 334(10), 657–658. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199603073341010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, A. M., & Jones, C. L. (2009). Sources of uncertainty: Experiences of Alzheimer’s disease. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(11), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840903046354
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2013). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Woo, D., Miller, L. E., & Lamsen, L. N. (2020). Swift role negotiations: Communicative strategies for enabling rapid role shifts in cross-functional teaming. Communication Monographs 88(4), 440–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2020.1862888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar