Effects of Instagram Body Portrayals on Attention, State Body Dissatisfaction, and Appearance Management Behavioral Intention

References

• Ahadzadeh, A. S., Sharif, S. P., & Ong, F. S. (2017). Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anixiadis, F., Wertheim, E. H., Rodgers, R., & Caruana, B. (2019). Effects of thin-ideal Instagram images: The roles of appearance comparisons, internalization of the thin ideal and critical media processing. Body Image, 31, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2017). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-017-9535-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessenoff, G. R. (2006). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(3), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00292.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, Z., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Attractive celebrity and peer images on Instagram: Effect on women’s mood and body image. Body Image, 19, 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chansiri, K., & Wongphothiphan, T. (2021). The indirect effects of Instagram images on women’s self-esteem: The moderating roles of BMI and perceived weight. New Media & Society, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211029975
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, R. B., Ridgway, J. L., & Hendrickse, J. (2017). Is plus size equal? The positive impact of average and plus-sized media fashion models on women’s cognitive resource allocation, social comparisons, and body satisfaction. Communication Monographs, 84(3), 406–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1332770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couture Bue, A. C. (2020). The looking glass selfie: Instagram use frequency predicts visual attention to high-anxiety body regions in young women. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruwys, T., Platow, M. J., Rieger, E., & Byrne, D. G. (2013). The development and validation of the Dieting Intentions Scale (DIS). Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 264–278. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2015). Adolescents’ social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a mediation model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., & Stirling, E. (2009). Understanding the impact of thin media models on women’s body-focused affect: The roles of thin-ideal internalization and weight-related self-discrepancy activation in experimental exposure effects. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 43–72. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one’s appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image, 12, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033111
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, C. J. (2013). In the eye of the beholder: Thin-ideal media affects some, but not most, viewers in a meta-analytic review of body dissatisfaction in women and men. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030766
   Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, X., Deng, X., Yang, J., Liang, S., Liu, J., & Chen, H. (2014). Eyes on the bodies: An eye tracking study on deployment of visual attention among females with body dissatisfaction. Eating Behaviors, 15(4), 540–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, X., Li, X., Yang, X., Wang, Y., Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2013). I can’t stop looking at them: Interactive effects of body mass index and weight dissatisfaction on attention towards body shape photographs. Body Image, 10(2), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, X., Wang, Q.-C., Chen, H., Wang, B.-Y., & Zhao, G. (2012). Time course of attentional bias components toward body-shape related pictures among women with fat negative physical self: An eye movement study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 44(4), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2012.00498
   Google Scholar
• Gao, X., Wang, Q., Jackson, T., Zhao, G., Liang, Y., & Chen, H. (2011). Biases in orienting and maintenance of attention among weight dissatisfied women: An eye-movement study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(4), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 460–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2004). Does size matter? The impact of model’s body size on women’s body-focused anxiety and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 104–122. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.1.104.26989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickse, J., Arpan, L. M., Clayton, R. B., & Ridgway, J. L. (2017). Instagram and college women’s body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickse, J., Clayton, R. B., Ray, E. C., Ridgway, J. L., & Secharan, R. (2020). Experimental effects of viewing thin and plus-size models in objectifying and empowering contexts on Instagram. Health Communication, 36(11), 1417–1425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1761077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, J., Lennon, S. J., & Rudd, N. A. (2001). Self-schema or self-discrepancy? Which best explains body image? Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 19(4), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0101900403
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., & Lennon, S. J. (2007). Mass media and self-esteem, body image, and eating disorder tendencies. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 25(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X06296873
   Google Scholar
• Lang, A. (2006). Using the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing to design effective cancer communication messages. Journal of Communication, 56(s1), S57–S80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00283.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A. (1994). What can the heart tell us about thinking? In A. Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media (pp. 99–112). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Leon, G. R., Fulkerson, J. A., Perry, C. L., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Personality and behavioural vulnerabilities associated with risk status for eating disorders in adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(3), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.3.438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low, K. G., Charanasomboon, S., Brown, C., Hiltunen, G., Long, K., Reinhalter, K., & Jones, H. (2003). Internalization of the thin ideal, weight and body image concerns. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.1.81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516–523. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(4), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2019). Social media fact sheet. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/
   Google Scholar
• Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eating disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 187–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, R. F., & Choi, J. (2006). The effects of auditory structural complexity on attitudes, attention, arousal, and memory. Media Psychology, 8(4), 395–419. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0804_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal Society for Public Health. (2017). #StatusOfMind: Social media and young people’s mental health and wellbeing. https://www.rsph.org.uk/static/uploaded/d125b27c-0b62-41c5-a2c0155a8887cd01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rudd, N. A., & Lennon, S. J. (2000). Body image and appearance-management behaviors in college women. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 18(3), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0001800304
   Google Scholar
• Sherlock, M., & Wagstaff, D. L. (2018). Exploring the relationship between frequency of Instagram use, exposure to idealized images, and psychological well-being in women. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolak, L., & Thompson, J. K. (Eds.). (2008). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, V. T., & Clayton, R. B. (2021). Achieving the ideal-self while harming my relationship: Examining associations between self-discrepancy, Instagram photo manipulation, and romantic relationship outcomes. Psychology of Popular Media, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000344
   Google Scholar
• Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00488-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stunkard, A. J., Sorensen, T., & Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness. In S. S. Kety, L. P. Rowland, R. L. Sidman, & S. W. Matthysse (Eds.), Genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders (pp. 115–120). Raven Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetTweens. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(5), 606–620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613501083
   Google Scholar
• Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women’s body image. Body Image, 15, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2013). Five challenges for the future of media-effects research. International Journal of Communication, 7, 197–215. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239918240_Five_Challenges_for_the_Future_of_Media-Effects_Research
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vendemia, M. A., & DeAndrea, D. C. (2018). The effects of viewing thin, sexualized selfies on Instagram: Investigating the role of image source and awareness of photo editing practices. Body Image, 27, 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar