421
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Implied Claims in Drug Advertising: A Review of Recent Literature and Regulatory Actions

ORCID Icon, , , , , & show all

References

  • Aikin, K. J., Betts, K. R., Keisler, A., & Ziemer, K. S. (2019). Market claims and efficacy information in direct-to-consumer prescription drug print advertisements. Psychology & Marketing, 36(8), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21209
  • Aikin, K. J., Betts, K. R., O’Donoghue, A. C., Rupert, D. J., Lee, P. K., Amoozegar, J. B., & Southwell, B. G. (2015). Correction of overstatement and omission in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. The Journal of Communication, 65(4), 596–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12167
  • Aikin, K. J., Betts, K. R., Southwell, B. G., Boudewyns, V., Johnson, M., & Breslav, A. D. S. (2019). Consumer reactions to price comparison and disclosure information in prescription drug print advertising. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 1255–1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12227
  • Aikin, K. J., Betts, K. R., Ziemer, K. S., & Keisler, A. (2019). Consumer tradeoff of advertising claim versus efficacy information in direct-to-consumer prescription drug ads. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(12), 1484–1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.01.012
  • Aikin, K. J., Boudewyns, V., Betts, K. R., Southwell, B. G., & Williams, P. (2019). Individual- and ad-level predictors of perceptions of serious and actionable risks in direct-to-consumer prescription drug TV advertising. Journal of Health Communication, 24(5), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1632396
  • Aikin, K. J., Southwell, B. G., Paquin, R. S., Rupert, D. J., O’Donoghue, A. C., Betts, K. R., & Lee, P. K. (2017). Correction of misleading information in prescription drug television advertising: The roles of advertisement similarity and time delay. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(2), 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.04.004
  • Aikin, K. J., Sullivan, H. W., & Betts, K. R. (2016). Disease information in direct-to-consumer prescription drug print ads. Journal of Health Communication, 21(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1058440
  • Babar, Z. U. D., Siraj, A. M., & Curley, L. (2018). A review of DTCA techniques: Appraising their success and potential impact on medication users. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.04.005
  • Beard, F. K. (2016). Comparative television advertising in the United States: A thirty-year update. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 37(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2016.1171183
  • Betts, K. R., Aikin, K. J., Kelly, B. J., Johnson, M., Parvanta, S., Southwell, B. G., Mack, N., Tzeng, J., & Cameron, L. (2019). Taking repeated exposure into account: An experimental study of direct-to-consumer prescription drug television ad effects. Journal of Health Communication, 24(5), 503–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1609139
  • Betts, K. R., Boudewyns, V., Aikin, K. J., Squire, C., Dolina, S., Hayes, J. J., & Southwell, B. G. (2018). Serious and actionable risks, plus disclosure: Investigating an alternative approach for presenting risk information in prescription drug television advertisements. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(10), 951–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.015
  • Betts, K. R., O’Donoghue, A. C., Johnson, M., Boudewyns, V., & Paquin, R. S. (2021). Detecting and reporting deceptive prescription drug promotion: Differences across consumer and physician audiences and by number and type of deceptive claims and tactics. Health Communication, 37(13), 1609–1621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1909264
  • Boudewyns, V., Betts, K. R., Johnson, M., Paquin, R. S., O’Donoghue, A. C., & Southwell, B. G. (2021). Experimental evidence of consumer and physician detection and rejection of misleading prescription drug website content. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(4), 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.019
  • Burke, R. R., DeSarbo, W. S., Oliver, R. L., & Robertson, T. S. (1988). Deception by implication: An experimental investigation. The Journal of Consumer Research, 14(4), 483–494. https://doi.org/10.1086/209130
  • Chatterjee, S., Patel, H. K., & Sansgiry, S. S. (2012). An analysis of the warning letters issued by the FDA to pharmaceutical manufacturers regarding misleading health outcomes claims. Pharmacy Practice, 10(4), 194–198. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1886-36552012000400003
  • Faerber, A. E., & Kreling, D. H. (2014). Content analysis of false and misleading claims in television advertising for prescription and nonprescription drugs. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2604-0
  • Federal Trade Commission Act. 15 U.S.C. § 45(a)(2). http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title15-chapter2-subchapter1&edition=prelim
  • Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Agency information collection activities; proposed collection; comment request; targeted mechanism of action presentations in prescription drug promotion. Federal Register, 86(206), 59735–59738. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/10/28/2021-23507/agency-information-collection-activities-proposed-collection-comment-request-targeted-mechanism-of
  • Food and Drugs. Title 21 C.F.R. 202.1(j)(4). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-202/section-202.1#p-202.1
  • Grewal, D., Kavanoor, S., Fern, E. F., Costley, C., & Barnes, J. (1997). Comparative versus noncomparative advertising: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299706100401
  • Harris, R. J. (1977). Comprehension of pragmatic implications in advertising. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(5), 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.5.603
  • Ju, I., & Park, J. S. (2015). Communication strategies in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA): Application of the six segment message strategy wheel. Journal of Health Communication, 20(5), 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2014.999890
  • Kamal, K. M., Desselle, S. P., Rane, P., Parekh, R., & Zacker, C. (2009). Content analysis of FDA warning letters to manufacturers of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic biologicals for promotional violations. Drug Information Journal: DIJ/Drug Information Association, 43(4), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/009286150904300401
  • Kannan, S., Gowri, S., Tyagi, V., Kohli, S., Jain, R., Kapil, P., & Bhardwaj, A. (2015). Direct-to-physician and direct-to-consumer advertising: Time to have stringent regulations. The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 27(2), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.3233/JRS-150644
  • Klara, K., Kim, J., & Ross, J. S. (2018). Direct-to-consumer broadcast advertisements for pharmaceuticals: Off-label promotion and adherence to FDA guidelines. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33(5), 651–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4274-9
  • Limbu, Y. B., McKinley, C., & Temperini, V. (2019). A longitudinal examination of FDA warning and untitled letters issued to pharmaceutical companies for violations in drug promotion standards. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12189
  • Lionnet, L., & Fader, A. (2015). An analysis of warning letters issued to pharmaceutical companies regarding misleading health outcomes claims 2009-2013. Value in Health, 18(3), A76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.444
  • Mandoh, M., & Curtain, C. M. (2017). Quality of claims and references found in Australian pharmacy journal advertisements. The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 25(5), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12326
  • Miniard, P. W., Barone, M. J., Rose, R. L., & Manning, K. C. (1994). A re-examination of the relative persuasiveness of comparative and noncomparative advertising. ACR North American Advances, 21(1), 299–303.
  • Mitra, A., Swasy, J., & Aikin, K. (2006). How do consumers interpret market leadership claims in direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs? Advances in Consumer Research, 33, 381–387.
  • Mohite, N., Funtanilla, V., Muzumdar, J., & Park, T. (2021). Content analysis of 2012-2019 FDA warning letters and notices of violations using the Economic, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes (ECHO) model. Innovations in Pharmacy, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i1.3420
  • Morgan, J. L. (1977). Linguistics: The relation of pragmatics to semantics and syntax. Annual Review of Anthropology, 6(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.06.100177.000421
  • O’Donoghue, A. C., Johnson, M., Sullivan, H. W., Parvanta, S., Ray, S., & Southwell, B. G. (2019). Aging and direct-to-consumer prescription drug television ads: The effects of individual differences and risk presentation. Journal of Health Communication, 24(4), 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1606364
  • O’Donoghue, A. C., Williams, P. A., Sullivan, H. W., Boudewyns, V., Squire, C., & Willoughby, J. F. (2014). Effects of comparative claims in prescription drug direct-to-consumer advertising on consumer perceptions and recall. Social Science & Medicine, 120, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.039
  • Othman, N., Vitry, A. I., Roughead, E. E., Ismail, S. B., & Omar, K. (2015). Doctors’ views on the quality of claims provided by pharmaceutical representatives: A comparative study in Malaysia and Australia. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 10(4), 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.03.002
  • Paquin, R. S., Boudewyns, V., Betts, K. R., Johnson, M., O’Donoghue, A. C., & Southwell, B. G. (2021). An empirical procedure to evaluate misinformation rejection and deception in mediated communication contexts. Communication Theory, 32(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab011
  • Pechmann, C., & Ratneshwar, S. (1991). The use of comparative advertising for brand positioning: Association versus differentiation. The Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1086/209248
  • Reckitt Benckiser, Inc., NAD Case Report #6153 (January 2018). Mucinex fast-max cold, flu, and sore throat.
  • Roe, B., Levy, A. S., & Derby, B. M. (1999). The impact of health claims on consumer search and product evaluation outcomes: Results from FDA experimental data. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 18(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/074391569901800110
  • Song, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. C., Choi, J. W., Bae, J., & Kim, E. (2019). Complaints addressed by regulatory authorities in drug advertising targeted at consumers: Cases across three, different countries. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 15(10), 1274–1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.12.001
  • Sullivan, H. W., O’Donoghue, A. C., Lynch, M., Johnson, M., Davis, C., Amoozegar, J. B., & Rupert, D. J. (2021). Visual images of prescription drug benefits in direct-to-consumer television advertisements. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(9), 2240–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.024
  • Sullivan, H. W., O’Donoghue, A. C., Rupert, D. J., Willoughby, J. F., Amoozegar, J. B., & Aikin, K. J. (2016). Are disease awareness links on prescription drug websites misleading? A randomized study. Journal of Health Communication, 21(11), 1198–1207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1237594
  • Symonds, T., Hackford, C., & Abraham, L. (2014). A review of FDA warning letters and notices of violation issued for patient-reported outcomes promotional claims between 2006 and 2012. Value in Health, 17(4), 433–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.03.1718
  • Tsai, W. H., & Lancaster, A. R. (2012). Message strategies in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising: A content analysis using Taylor’s six-segment message strategy wheel. Health Marketing Quarterly, 29(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359683.2012.705708
  • Xie, G. X., & Boush, D. M. (2011). How susceptible are consumers to deceptive advertising claims? A retrospective look at the experimental research literature. The Marketing Review, 11(3), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1362/146934711x589480
  • Zagrodney, K. A., Sheikhan, N. Y., Pinto, A., Sheikhan, T., & Witek, T. J. (2021). Drug advertising violations: A longitudinal trend analysis of FDA enforcement letters from 2005 to 2019. Pharmaceutical Medicine, 35(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-020-00370-9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.