Exploring the Role of Marianismo and Loneliness in Latinas’ Physical and Mental Well-Being

References

• Abraido-Lanza, A. F., Dohrenwend, B. B., Ng-Mak, D. S., & Turner, J. B. (1999). The Latino mortality paradox: A test of the “salmon bias” and healthy migrant hypotheses. American Journal of Public Health, 89(10), 1543–1548 . https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.89.10.1543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre-Milina, M., & Molina, C. W., and Zambrana, R. E. (Eds.). (2001). Health issues in the Latino community. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Dorsey Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alegría, M., Canino, G., Shrout, P. E., Woo, M., Duan, N., Vila, D., Torres, M., Chen, C., & Meng, X. (2008). Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaro, H., Vega, R. R., & Valencia, D. (2001). Gender, context, and HIV prevention among Latinos. In M. Aguirre-Milina, C. W. Molina & R. E. Zambrana (Eds.), Health issues in the Latino community (pp. 301–324). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Anthony, M., Nichols, A. H., & Del Pilar, W. (2021). A look at degree attainment among Hispanic women and men and how COVID-19 could deepen racial and gender divides. Report by the Education Trust. https://edtrust.org/resource/a-look-at-degree-attainment-among-hispanic-women-and-men-and-how-covid-19-could-deepen-racial-and-gender-divides/
   Google Scholar
• Arias, E., Eschbach, K., Schauman, W. S., Backlund, E. L., & Sorlie, P. D. (2010). The Hispanic mortality advantage and ethnic misclassification on U.S. death certificates. American Journal of Public Health, 100(s1), s171–s177. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.135863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashing-Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G. V., Bohorquez, D. E., Tejero, J. S., & Garcia, M. (2006). Understanding the breast cancer experience of Latina women. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 24(3), 19–52. https://doi.org/10.1300/j077v24n03_02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashing-Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D. (2004). Understanding the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African American, Asian American, Latina, and Caucasian cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 13(6), 408–428. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, J., & DeSouza, E. (2001). Modelo de María and machismo: The social construction of gender in Brazil. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 35(1), 9–29.
   Google Scholar
• Balfour, P. C., Ruiz, J. M., Talavera, G. A., Allison, M. A., & Rodriguez, C. J. (2016). Cardiovascular disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. Journal of Latina/O Psychology, 4(2), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000056
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barr, E., & Temkin, S. (2023, August 23). Gender as a social and cultural variable and health. In National institutes of health. Office of Research on Women’s Health. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/about/director/messages/gender-as-social-and-cultural-variable-and-health
   Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Berntson, G. G., Ernst, J. M., Gibbs, A. C., Stickgold, R., & Hobson, J. A. (2002). Do lonely days invade the nights? Potential social modulation of sleep efficiency. Psychological Science, 13(4), 384–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Crawford, L., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M., Kowalewski, R. B., Malarkey, W. B., Van Cauter, E., & Bernston, G. G. (2002). Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(3), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo, L. G., & Cano, M. A. (2007). Mexican American psychology: Theory and clinical application. In C. Negy (Ed.), Cross-cultural psychotherapy: Toward a critical understanding of diverse client populations (2nd ed., pp. 85–102). Bent Tree Press.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo, L. G., González, P., Merz, E. L., Nuñez, A., Castañeda, S. F., Buelna, C., Ojeda, L., Giachello, A. L., Womack, V. Y., Garcia, K. A., Penedo, F. J., Talavera, G. A., & Gallo, L. C. (2020). Factorial invariance of the marianismo beliefs scale among Latinos in the hispanic community health study/study of Latinos sociocultural ancillary study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo, L. G., Perez, F. V., Castillo, R., & Ghosheh, M. R. (2010). Construction and initial validation of the marianismo beliefs scale. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 23(2), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515071003776036
   Google Scholar
• Céspedes, Y. M., & Huey, S. J. (2008). Depression in Latino adolescents: A cultural discrepancy perspective. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.2.168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cianelli, R., Ferrer, L., & McElmurry, B. J. (2008). HIV prevention and low‐income Chilean women: Machismo, marianismo and HIV misconceptions. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 10(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050701861439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cislaghi, B., & Heise, L. (2020). Gender norms and social norms: Differences, similarities and why they matter in prevention science. Sociology of Health & Illness, 42(2), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, C. M., & Gibson, G. D. (1997). Racial, ethnic, and cultural differences in dementia caregiving: Review and analysis. The Gerontologist, 37(3), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.3.355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel-Ulloa, J., Ulibarri, M., Baquero, B., Sleeth, C., Harig, H., & Rhodes, S. D. (2016). Behavioral HIV prevention interventions among Latinas in the US: A systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 18(6), 1498–1521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0283-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre, A., & Estrada, A. (2001). Mexican Americans and health: Sana! Sana!. The University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dillon, F. R., Ertl, M. M., Corp, D. A., Babino, R., & De La Rosa, M. (2018). Latina young adults’ use of health care during initial months in the United States. Health Care for Women International, 39(3), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1388382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, F. R., Ertl, M. M., Verile, M., Siraj, N., Babino, R., & De La Rosa, M. (2019). A social ecological study of psychological distress among recently immigrated, Latina young adults. Journal of Latinx Psychology, 7(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000106
   Google Scholar
• Ertl, M. M., Dillon, F. R., Cabrera Tineo, Y. A., Verile, M., Jurkowski, J. M., & De La Rosa, M. (2018). Sexual risk during initial months in US among Latina young adults. AIDS Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 30(3), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1368442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava, N. M., Sanchez, M., Wuyke, G., Diez, M. S., Vazquez, V., Ravelo, G. J., Villalba, K., & Rojas, P. (2020). Associations between sexual trauma and sexual relationship power among latina immigrant farmworkers: The moderating role of gender norms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33(6), 1093–1101. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontenot, K., Semega, J., & Kollar, M. (2018). Income and poverty in the United States: 2017. Report prepared for United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=64
   Google Scholar
• Gallegos, M. L. (2013). Communication processes and the Latino health paradox: Exploring relationships among loneliness, cultural values, and health across the lifespan (Publication No. 1436971150) [ Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona, ProQuest: The Humanities and Social Sciences Collection. https://libproxy.csun.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.libproxy.csun.edu/dissertations-theses/communication-processes-latino-health-paradox/docview/
   Google Scholar
• Gallo, L. C., Penedo, F. J., de Los Monteros, K. E., & Arguelles, W. (2009). Resiliency in the face of disadvantage: Do Hispanic cultural characteristics protect health outcomes? Journal of Personality, 77(6), 1708–1746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00598.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garces, I. C., Scarinci, I. C., & Harrison, L. (2006). An examination of sociocultural factors associated with health and health care seeking among Latina immigrants. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 8(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-006-9008-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomez, C. A., & Marin, B. V. (1996). Gender, culture, and power: Barriers to HIV-prevention strategies for women. Journal of Sex Research, 33(4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499609551853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, G., Gallardo, N. V., & Bastani, R. (2005). A pilot study to define social support among Spanish-speaking women diagnosed with a breast abnormality suspicious for cancer: A brief research report. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 23(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1300/j077v23n01_07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman, G. (2020). Household income by race and Hispanic origin: 2005–2009 and 2015–2019. American Community Survey Briefs (ACSBR)-007. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2020/acs/acsbr19-07.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). Aging and loneliness: Downhill quickly? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4), 187–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00501.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkley, L. C., Masi, C. M., Berry, J. D., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2006). Loneliness is a unique predictor of age-related differences in systolic blood pressure. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, R. D., Sherbourne, C. D., & Mazel, R. M. (1993). The RAND 36-item health survey 1.0. Health Economics, 2(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4730020305
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heron, M. (2019). Deaths: Leading causes for 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports (Vol. 68, No. 6). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_06-508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241(4865), 540–545. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3399889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, L. L. (2001). Religion, gender, and the Hispanic experience in the United States: Catholic/Protestant differences in religious involvement, social status, and gender-role attitudes. Review of Religious Research, 43(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado de Mendoza, A., Gonzales, F. A., Serrano, A., & Kaltman, S. (2014). Social isolation and perceived barriers to establishing social networks among Latina immigrants. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(1–2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9619-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, T. (2006). Relationships between perceived close social support and health practices within community samples of American women and men. The Journal of Psychology, 140(3), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.3200/jrlp.140.3.229-246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1987). Loneliness and social support. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(2, pt. 2), 145–156.
   Google Scholar
• Ju, D. H. (2022). A portrait of partnership statuses in the United States between 1990 and 2017 (S. Villamizar-Santamaría, Ed.). Center for Latin American, Caribbean and Latino Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/clacls_pubs/99/
   Google Scholar
• Lauder, W., Mummery, K., Jones, M., & Caperchione, C. (2006). A comparison of health behaviors in lonely and non-lonely populations. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500500266607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy, J. K., Darmstadt, G. L., Ashby, C., Quandt, M., Halsey, E., Nagar, A., & Greene, M. E. (2020). Characteristics of successful programs targeting gender inequality and restrictive gender norms for the health and wellbeing of children, adolescents, and young adults: A systematic review. The Lancet Global Health, 8(2), e225–e236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30495-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin, G. (1993). Influence of acculturation on familialism and self-identification among hispanics. In M. E. Bernal & G. P. Knight (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities (pp. 181–196). State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marin, G., & Marin, B. V. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Markides, K. S., & Coreil, J. (1986). The health of Hispanics in the Southwestern United States: An epidemiological paradox. Public Health Reports, 101(3), 253–265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477704/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, M. E., Nodora, J. N., & Carvajal-Carmona, L. G. (2021). The dual pandemic of COVID-19 and systematic inequities in U.S. Latino communities. Cancer: American Cancer Society Journals online, 127(10), 1548–1550. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33401
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda, Y., DeBastiani, S. D., Thalasinos, R. D., Ferranti, D., Norris, A. E., & De Santis, J. P. (2022). Cultural influences on Hispanic mother–daughter communication about sex. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 33(3), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/10436596221083030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendez-Luck, C. A., Geldhof, G. J., Anthony, K. P., Steers, W. N., Mangione, C. M., & Hays, R. D. (2016). Orientation to the caregiver role among Latinas of Mexican origin. The Gerontologist, 56(6), e99–e108. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., Huffman, M. D., Isasi, C. R., Jiménez, M. C., Judd, S. E., Kissela, B. M., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Liu, S., … Turner, M. B. (2016). Heart disease and stroke statistics–2016 update: A report from the American heart association. Circulation, 133(4), e38–e360. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noe-Bustamante, L., & Flores, A. (2019). Facts on Latinos in the U.S. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/fact-sheet/latinos-in-the-u-s-fact-sheet/
   Google Scholar
• Noe-Bustamante, L., Mora, L., & Lopez, M. H. (2020). About one-in-four U.S. Hispanics have heard of Latinx, but just 3% use it. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/11/about-one-in-four-u-s-hispanics-have-heard-of-latinx-but-just-3-use-it/
   Google Scholar
• Nunez, A., Gonzalez, P., Talavera, G. A., Sanchez-Johnsen, L., Roesch, S. C., Davis, S. M., Arguelles, W., Womack, V. Y., Ostrovosky, N. W., Ojeda, L., Penedo, F. J., & Gallo, L. C. (2016). Machismo, marianismo, and negative cognitive-emotional factors: Findings from the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos sociocultural ancillary study. Journal of Latina/O Psychology, 4(4), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000050
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen, J. A., & Misajon, R. (2020). A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: Key lessons for a new instrument. Quality of Life Research, 29(3), 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02341-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornelas, I. J., Perreira, K. M., Beeber, L., & Maxwell, L. (2009). Challenges and strategies to maintaining emotional health: Qualitative perspectives of Mexican immigrant mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 30(11), 1556–1575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X09336651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz, K., & Massey, K. P. (2016). Health disparity among Latina women: Comparison with non-latina women. Clinical Medicine Insights: Women’s Health, 9(S1), 71–74. https://doi.org/10.4137/cmwh.s38488
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Penninx, B. W., van Tilburg, T., Kriegsman, D. M., Deeg, D. J., Boeke, J. P., & van Ejik, J. T. (1997). Effects of social support and personal coping resources on mortality in older age: The longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(6), 510–519. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peplau, L. A., Russell, D., & Heim, M. (1979). The experience of loneliness. In I. H. Frieze, D. Bar-Tal & J. S. Carrol (Eds.), New approaches to social problems (pp. 53–78). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Perez, G. K., & Cruess, D. (2014). The impact of familism on physical and mental health among Hispanics in the United States. Health Psychology Review, 8(1), 95–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2011.569936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, A. J., Stump, T. E., Monahan, P. O., & McHorney, C. A. (2006). Assessment of differential item functioning for demographic comparisons in the MOS SF-36 health survey. Quality of Life Research, 15(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-1551-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2023, April). Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism continues to decline but is still the largest faith. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/04/13/among-u-s-latinos-catholicism-continues-to-decline-but-is-still-the-largest-faith/
   Google Scholar
• Piña-Watson, B., Castillo, L. G., Ojeda, L., & Rodriguez, K. M. (2013). Parent conflict as a mediator between marianismo beliefs and depressive symptoms for Mexican American college women. Journal of American College Health, 61(8), 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.838567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffaelli, M., & Iturbide, M. I. (2009). Sexuality and sexual risk behaviors among Latino adolescents and young adults. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspectives (pp. 399–414). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ravelo, G. J., Sanchez, M., Cyrus, E., De La Rosa, M., Peragallo, N., & Rojas, P. (2022). Associations between gender norms and HIV self-efficacy among Latina immigrants in a farmworker community. Ethnicity & Health, 27(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1659234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., & Lapinski, M. K. (2015). A re-explication of social norms, ten years later: Social norms. Communication Theory, 25(4), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., & Real, K. (2005). How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behavior. Communication Research, 32(3), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650205275385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas, L. M., Sanchez, M., Westrick, A., Vazquez, V., Cano, M. A., & De La Rosa, M. R. (2021). Socio-cultural subgroups of Latina/o immigrants: A latent profile analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, J. M., Campos, B., & Garcia, J. J. (2016). Special issue on Latino physical health: Disparities, paradoxes, and future directions. Journal of Latina/O Psychology, 4(2), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000065
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, D., Smith, L. V., & Adams, W. (2018). The relationships among perceived discrimination, marianismo gender role attitudes, racial-ethnic socialization, coping styles, and mental health outcomes in Latina college students. Journal of Latina/O Psychology, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000077
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiffner, T., & Buki, L. P. (2006). Latina college students’ sexual health beliefs about human papillomavirus infection. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(4), 687–696. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.4.687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segrin, C., & Domschke, T. (2011). Social support, loneliness, recuperative processes, and their direct and indirect effects on health. Health Communication, 26(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.546771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segrin, C., & Passalacqua, S. (2010). Functions of loneliness, social support, health behaviors, and stress in association with poor health. Health Communication, 25(4), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410231003773334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Leitsch, S. A. (2010). The role of social relationships in predicting loneliness: The national social life, health, and aging project. Social Work Research, 34(3), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/34.3.157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, E. P. (1970). Machismo and marianismo. Society, 10(6), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02695282
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, E. P. (1973). Marianismo: The other face of machismo in Latin America. In A. Pescatello (Ed.), Female and male in Latin America (pp. 89–101). University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tomaka, J., Thompson, S., & Palacios, R. (2006). The relation of social isolation, loneliness, and social support to disease outcomes among the elderly. Journal of Aging and Health, 18(3), 359–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264305280993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, B. M. (2009). Dangerous identities: Femininity and breast cancer in Latin America. The Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 3(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.18085/llas.3.4.g2u182114274683q
   Google Scholar
• Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1996). The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin, 119(3), 488–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Morbidity and mortality weekly report: CDC health disparities and inequalities report–United States, 2013 (vol. 62, no. 3). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/CHDIReport.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. (2023, February 24). Profile: Hispanic/Latino Americans. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=64
   Google Scholar
• Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473–483. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanez, B., McGinty, H. L., Buitrago, D., Ramirez, A. G., & Penedo, F. J. (2016). Cancer outcomes in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States: An integrative review and conceptual model of determinants of health. Journal of Latina/O Psychology, 4(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000055
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong, J. (2022, October 26). A mosaic, not a monolith: A profile of the U.S. Latino population, 2000-2020. UCLA Latino Policy & Politics Institute. https://latino.ucla.edu/research/latino-population-2000-2020/
   Google Scholar