Descriptive Norms and eHealth Use Among Older Adults: A Cross-Country Comparative Study

References

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, M. A., Alam, K., Taylor, B., & Ashraf, M. (2021). Examining the determinants of eHealth usage among elderly people with disability: The moderating role of behavioural aspects. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 149, 104411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkorful, V. E., Hammond, A., Lugu, B. K., Basiru, I., Sunguh, K. K., & Charmaine‐Kwade, P. (2022). Investigating the intention to use technology among medical students: An application of an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2), e2460. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsad, F. S., Syed Soffian, S. S., Megat Kamaruddin, P. S. N., Nordin, N. R., Baharudin, M. H., Baharudin, U. M., Hassan, M. R., Mohamed Nawi, A., & Ahmad, N. (2022). The impact of eHealth applications in healthcare intervention: A systematic review. Journal of Health Research, 37(3), 178–189. https://doi.org/10.56808/2586-940X.1020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askari, M., Klaver, N. S., van Gestel, T. J., & van de Klundert, J. (2020). Intention to use medical apps among older adults in the Netherlands: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e18080. https://doi.org/10.2196/18080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., Abe, S., & Bergami, M. (2000). Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: Application to fast food restaurant consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP0902_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1978). Reflections on self-efficacy. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1(4), 237–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(78)90012-7
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Bartle, N. C., & Harvey, K. (2017). Explaining infant feeding: The role of previous personal and vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norms, self‐efficacy, and breastfeeding outcomes. British Journal of Health Psychology, 22(4), 763–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., & Martin, B. W. (2012). Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not? The Lancet, 380(9838), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowsky, R. W., Sharit, J., & Czaja, S. J. (2017). Factors predicting decisions about technology adoption among older adults. Innovation in Aging, 1(3), igy002. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodimeade, H., Anderson, E., La Macchia, S., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., & Louis, W. R. (2014). Testing the direct, indirect, and interactive roles of referent group injunctive and descriptive norms for sun protection in relation to the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(11), 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12264
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2003). Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64(3), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2003.64.331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, M. C., Cingel, D. P., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2021). 13 reasons why, perceived norms, and reports of mental health-related behavior change among adolescent and young adult viewers in four global regions. Communication Research, 48(8), 1110–1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650220930462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, L. S. (2017). Who uses dating apps? Exploring the relationships among trust, sensation-seeking, smartphone use, and the intent to use dating apps based on the integrative model. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., & Lee, K.-H. (2014). More than search? Informational and participatory eHealth behaviors. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S. M., Kim, Y., Sung, Y., & Sohn, D. (2011). Bridging or bonding? A cross-cultural study of social relationships in social networking sites. Information, Communication & Society, 14(1), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691181003792624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B. (2009). Influence: Science and practice (2nd ed.). Scott, Foresman.
   Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A., & Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 201–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60330-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimperman, M., Brenčič, M. M., Trkman, P., & Stanonik, M. D. L. (2013). Older adults’ perceptions of home telehealth services. Telemedicine and E-Health, 19(10), 786–790. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2012.0272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Da Fonseca, M. H., Kovaleski, F., Picinin, C. T., Pedroso, B., & Rubbo, P. (2021). E-health practices and technologies: A systematic review from 2014 to 2019. Healthcare, 9(9), 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, M., & Harrington, N. G. (2023). The need to examine behaviors within “actual” constraints: A systematic review of research using the integrative model of behavioral prediction. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 33(1), 126–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.2019166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Meulenaer, S., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2015). Have no fear: How individuals differing in uncertainty avoidance, anxiety, and chance belief process health risk messages. Journal of Advertising, 44(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2015.1018465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Veer, A. J., Peeters, J. M., Brabers, A. E., Schellevis, F. G., Rademakers, J. J., & Francke, A. L. (2015). Determinants of the intention to use e-health by community dwelling older people. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0765-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dimitrovski, T., Bath, P. A., Ketikidis, P., & Lazuras, L. (2021). Factors affecting general practitioners’ readiness to accept and use an electronic health record system in the Republic of North Macedonia: A national survey of general practitioners. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(4), e21109. https://doi.org/10.2196/21109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faccio, F., Renzi, C., Crico, C., Kazantzaki, E., Kondylakis, H., Koumakis, L., Marias, K., & Pravettoni, G. (2018). Development of an eHealth tool for cancer patients: Monitoring psycho-emotional aspects with the Family Resilience (FaRe) questionnaire. Ecancermedicalscience, 12, 852. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2018.852
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fairchild, A. J., & McQuillin, S. D. (2010). Evaluating mediation and moderation effects in school psychology: A presentation of methods and review of current practice. Journal of School Psychology, 48(1), 53–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2009.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon, E., Wiggins, R. D., Pettifor, A. E., & Hargreaves, J. R. (2015). Is the sexual behaviour of young people in sub-saharan Africa influenced by their peers? A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 146, 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M. (2009). An integrative model for behavioral prediction and its application to health promotion. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research (pp. 215–234). Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forquer, H. A., Christensen, J. L., & Tan, A. S. (2014). Predicting continuance—Findings from a longitudinal study of older adults using an eHealth newsletter. Health Communication, 29(9), 937–946. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.833580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friemel, T. N., & Geber, S. (2021). Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: Health protective behavior in the context of communication and perceptions of efficacy, norms, and threat. Health Communication, 38(4), 779–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1976360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, N. P., & Hornbrook, M. C. (2018). Older adults’ readiness to engage with eHealth patient education and self-care resources: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 220. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2986-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui, X., Chen, Y., Caldeira, C., Xiao, D., & Chen, Y. (2017). When fitness meets social networks: Investigating fitness tracking and social practices on werun. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York, NY (pp. 1647–1659). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025654
   Google Scholar
• Hardiker, N. R., & Grant, M. J. (2011). Factors that influence public engagement with eHealth: A literature review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.10.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, Y. A., Jiang, S., & Liu, P. L. (2020). Use of patient portals of electronic health records remains low from 2014 to 2018: Results from a national survey and policy implications. American Journal of Health Promotion, 34(6), 677–680. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119900591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornsey, M. J. (2008). Social identity theory and self‐categorization theory: A historical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x
   Google Scholar
• Howard, J. (2019). Cognitive errors and diagnostic mistakes: A case-based guide to critical thinking in medicine. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, W., Chiang, C., & Yang, S. (2014). The effect of individual factors on health behaviors among college students: The mediating effects of eHealth literacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e287. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huygens, M. W., Vermeulen, J., Swinkels, I. C., Friele, R. D., Van Schayck, O. C., & De Witte, L. P. (2016). Expectations and needs of patients with a chronic disease toward self-management and eHealth for self-management purposes. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 232. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1484-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiang, S., Zhang, L., & Teo, K. (2021). Social use of fitness apps and physical activity knowledge: The roles of information elaboration and interpersonal communication. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 65(4), 549–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2021.1990295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampmeijer, R., Pavlova, M., Tambor, M., Golinowska, S., & Groot, W. (2016). The use of e-health and m-health tools in health promotion and primary prevention among older adults: A systematic literature review. BMC Health Services Research, 16(Suppl 5), 467–479, 290. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1522-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ketikidis, P., Dimitrovski, T., Lazuras, L., & Bath, P. A. (2012). Acceptance of health information technology in health professionals: An application of the revised technology acceptance model. Health Informatics Journal, 18(2), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458211435425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. K., Ahn, J., Atkinson, L., & Kahlor, L. A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 misinformation on information seeking, avoidance, and processing: A multicountry comparative study. Science Communication, 42(5), 586–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547020959670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. K., Kim, S., & Niederdeppe, J. (2015). Scientific uncertainty as a moderator of the relationship between descriptive norm and intentions to engage in cancer risk–reducing behaviors. Journal of Health Communication, 20(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2014.977465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Eys, M., & Robertson-Wilson, J. (2021). ‘If they do it, so can I’: A test of a moderated serial mediation model of descriptive norms, self-efficacy, and perceived similarity for predicting physical activity. Psychology & Health, 36(6), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1789641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapova, L., Klocek, A., & Elavsky, S. (2020). The role of psychological factors in older adults’ readiness to use eHealth technology: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e14670. https://doi.org/10.2196/14670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koeneman, M. A., Chorus, A., Hopman-Rock, M., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2017). A novel method to promote physical activity among older adults in residential care: An exploratory field study on implicit social norms. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0394-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kontos, E., Blake, K. D., Chou, W.-Y. S., & Prestin, A. (2014). Predictors of eHealth usage: Insights on the digital divide from the health information national trends survey 2012. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(7), e3117. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3117
   Google Scholar
• The Lancet. (2010). Chinese doctors are under threat. The Lancet, 376(9742), 657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61315-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landucci, F., & Lamperti, M. (2021). A pandemic of cognitive bias. Intensive Care Medicine, 47(5), 636–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06293-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. K., Lin, L., & Kang, H. (2021). The influence of normative perceptions on the uptake of the COVID-19 TraceTogether digital contact tracing system: Cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(11), e30462. https://doi.org/10.2196/30462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, J., Ma, Q., Chan, A. H., & Man, S. (2019). Health monitoring through wearable technologies for older adults: Smart wearables acceptance model. Applied Ergonomics, 75, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., Cui, G., Yin, Y., & Xu, H. (2023). Associations between health literacy, digital skill, and eHealth literacy among older Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study. Digital Health, 9, 205520762311784. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231178431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E., & Albarracín, D. (2017). The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1082–1115. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R. W., Cheng, Y., & Foerster, T. A. (2023). Modeling the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and willingness to practice COVID-19 preventative behaviors: A test of the mediation and moderation mechanisms in the theory of normative social behavior. Health Communication. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2165257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marengoni, A., Angleman, S., Melis, R., Mangialasche, F., Karp, A., Garmen, A., Meinow, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2011). Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 10(4), 430–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting user intentions: Comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2.3.173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachan, R., Taylor, N., Harrison, R., Lawton, R., Gardner, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Meta-Analysis of the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to understanding health behaviors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(4), 592–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachan, R. R. C., Conner, M., Taylor, N. J., & Lawton, R. J. (2011). Prospective prediction of health-related behaviours with the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 5(2), 97–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2010.521684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mou, Y., & Lin, C. A. (2015). Exploring podcast adoption intention via perceived social norms, interpersonal communication, and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(3), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2015.1054997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan, J. M., Schultz, P. W., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). Normative social influence is underdetected. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(7), 913–923. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208316691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, L. (2016). eHealth and quality in health care: Implementation time. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 28(3), 415–419. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzw032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paek, H. J., Lee, H., & Hove, T. (2014). The role of collectivism orientation in differential normative mechanisms: A cross‐national study of anti‐smoking public service announcement effectiveness. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulussen, T., Hoekstra, F., Lanting, C., Buijs, G., & Hirasing, R. (2006). Determinants of Dutch parents’ decisions to vaccinate their child. Vaccine, 24(5), 644–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, J. M., Krijgsman, J. W., Brabers, A. E., De Jong, J. D., & Friele, R. D. (2016). Use and uptake of eHealth in general practice: A cross-sectional survey and focus group study among health care users and general practitioners. JMIR Medical Informatics, 4(2), e11. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.4515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perusko, Z., Vozab, D., & Čuvalo, A. (2015). Digital mediascapes, institutional frameworks, and audience practices across Europe. International Journal of Communication, 9, 342–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, D. D. (1991). Conceptions of self within China and the United States: Contrasting foundations for adult education. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15(3), 285–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(91)90003-Y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Press, V. G., Huisingh-Scheetz, M., & Arora, V. M. (2021). Inequities in technology contribute to disparities in COVID-19 vaccine distribution. JAMA Health Forum, 2(3), e210264. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0264
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Priebe, C. S., & Spink, K. S. (2011). When in Rome: Descriptive norms and physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasche, P., Wille, M., Bröhl, C., Theis, S., Schäfer, K., Knobe, M., & Mertens, A. (2018). Prevalence of health app use among older adults in Germany: National survey. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 6(1), e26. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.8619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, M. B., Lange, J. E., Ketchie, J. M., & Clapp, J. D. (2007). The relationship between social identity, normative information, and college student drinking. Social Influence, 2(4), 269–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510701476617
   Google Scholar
• Riemer, H., Shavitt, S., Koo, M., & Markus, H. R. (2014). Preferences don’t have to be personal: Expanding attitude theorizing with a cross-cultural perspective. Psychological Review, 121(4), 619–648. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N. (2008). Modeling the relationship between descriptive norms and behaviors: A test and extension of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB). Health Communication, 23(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230801967791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., & Lapinski, M. K. (2015). A re-explication of social norms, ten years later. Communication Theory, 25(4), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., & Real, K. (2005). How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behavior. Communication Research, 32(3), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650205275385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, P. A., Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. (2006). The mediating roles of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits, and attitudes on the decision to seek professional help: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 442–452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, J., & Chen, B. (2023). In the digital age: A systematic literature review of the e-health literacy and influencing factors among Chinese older adults. Journal of Public Health, 31(5), 679–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01604-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spotts, H. E., & Schewe, C. D. (1989). Communicating with the elderly consumer: The growing health. Journal of Marketing Health Services, 9(3), 36–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stok, F. M. (2014). Eating by the norm: The influence of social norms on young people’s eating behavior [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. Utrecht University. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/288827
   Google Scholar
• Stok, F. M., De Vet, E., de Ridder, D. T., & de Wit, J. B. (2016). The potential of peer social norms to shape food intake in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of effects and moderators. Health Psychology Review, 10(3), 326–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2016.1155161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Street, R. L. (2003). Mediated consumer–provider communication in cancer care: The empowering potential of new technologies. Patient Education and Counseling, 50(1), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00089-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svendsen, M. T., Tiedemann, S. N., & Andersen, K. E. (2021). Pros and cons of eHealth: A systematic review of the literature and observations in Denmark. SAGE Open Medicine, 9, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211016179
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: A study of consumer adoption intentions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)00019-K
   Google Scholar
• Terry, D. J., Hogg, M. A., & McKimmie, B. M. (2000). Attitude‐behaviour relations: The role of in‐group norms and mode of behavioural decision‐making. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 337–361. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466600164534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrent-Sellens, J., Díaz-Chao, Á., Soler-Ramos, I., & Saigí-Rubió, F. (2016). Modelling and predicting eHealth usage in Europe: A multidimensional approach from an online survey of 13,000 European Union internet users. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(7), e188. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tse, M. M., Choi, K. C., & Leung, R. S. (2008). E-health for older people: The use of technology in health promotion. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(4), 475–479. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2011). Internet skills performance tests: Are people ready for eHealth? Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(2), e35. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hooft, E. A., & De Jong, M. (2009). Predicting job seeking for temporary employment using the theory of planned behaviour: The moderating role of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(2), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X325322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., Li, S., & Brown-Devlin, N. (2021). Do descriptive norm appeals in public service ads reduce freedom threats? Examining the effects of normative messages and media literacy skills on decreasing reactance. Health Communication, 38(5), 1022–1032. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1989787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., & Chen, Y. (2006). Age differences in attitude change: Influences of cognitive resources and motivation on responses to argument quantity. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 581–589. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., Liang, L., Du, C., & Wu, Y. (2021). Implementation of online hospitals and factors influencing the adoption of mobile medical services in China: Cross-sectional survey study. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 9(2), e25960. https://doi.org/10.2196/25960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Yue, T., & Mo, P. K.-H. (2022). The associations among cognitive social factors, eHealth literacy and health-promoting behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Health Promotion International, 37(6), daac143. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J., Heinsch, M., Betts, D., Booth, D., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2021). Barriers and facilitators to the use of e-health by older adults: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 21(1556). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11623-w
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2007) . Global age-friendly cities: A guide. WHO Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Y. A., Wang, Y., Kim, S. S. Y., Kim, D. O. D., Sun, Y., & McLaughlin, M. L. (2023). Safe at home: Acceptance of surveillance technology among caregivers for persons with dementia. Health Informatics Journal, 29(1), 14604582231152188. https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582231152188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Yang, N., Lewis, D., Parton, J., & Hudnall, M. (2021). Patterns and influencing factors of eHealth tools adoption among medicaid and non-medicaid populations from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2017–2019: Questionnaire study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e25809. https://doi.org/10.2196/25809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yzer, M. C. (2012). The integrated model of behavioral prediction as a tool for designing health messages. In H. Cho (Ed.), Designing messages for health communication campaigns: Theory and practice (pp. 21–40). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., Wang, Y., & Wei, Y. (2022). Follow or not? Descriptive norms and public health compliance: Mediating role of risk perception and moderating effect of behavioral visibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1040218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1040218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Yang, B., & Wong, C.-W. (2018). Analyzing trend for US immigrants’e-health engagement from 2008 to 2013. Health Communication, 34(11), 1259–1269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1475999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, H., Jiang, S., & Rosenthal, S. (2022). Linking online vaccine information seeking to vaccination intention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science Communication, 44(3), 320–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470221101067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar