Framing Chronic Pain in U.S. News Coverage of the Opioid Epidemic (2012-2022)

References

• Bergan, D. E., Rojas, A., Briggs, I., & Andersen, A. (2022). Framing and policymaker evaluations of the opioid crisis. Health Communication, 38(12), 2604–2616. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2093555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman, A. A., Matthias, M. S., Coffing, J. M., & Krebs, E. E. (2013). Contrasting tensions between patients and PCPs in chronic pain management: A qualitative study. Pain Medicine, 14(11), 1689–1697. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchman, D., Ho, A., & Illes, J. (2016). You present like a drug addict: Patient and clinician perspectives on trust and trustworthiness in chronic pain management. Pain Medicine, 17(8), 1394–1406. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnv083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Opioid data analysis and resources. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/data/analysis-resources.html
   Google Scholar
• [CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html
   Google Scholar
• Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dassieu, L., Heino, A., Develay, É., Kaboré, J., Pagé, M. G., Hudspith, M., Moor, G., & Choinière, M. (2021a). Conversations about opioids: Impact of the opioid overdose epidemic on social interactions for people who live with chronic pain. Qualitative Health Research, 31(9), 1657–1669. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211003063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dassieu, L., Heino, A., Develay, É., Kaboré, J. L., Pagé, M. G., Moor, G., Hudspith, M., & Choinière, M. (2021b). “They think you’re trying to get the drug”: Qualitative investigation of chronic pain patients’ health care experiences during the opioid overdose epidemic in Canada. Canadian Journal of Pain, 5(1), 66–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2021.1881886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dassieu, L., Paul-Savoie, E., Develay, É., Villela Guilhon, A. C., Lacasse, A., Guénette, L., Perreault, K., Beaudry, H., Dupuis, L., & Quebec Consortium of Adverse Effects of Pain Medications. (2022). Swallowing the pill of adverse effects: A qualitative study of patients’ and pharmacists’ experiences and decision-making regarding the adverse effects of chronic pain medications. Health Expectations, 25(1), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowell, D., Haegerich, T., & Chou, R. (2016). Guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain–United States, 2016. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 65(1), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. (1991). Framing U.S. coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41(4), 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. (2004). Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghose, R., Forati, A. M., & Mantsch, J. R. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid overdose deaths: A spatiotemporal analysis. Journal of Urban Health, 99(2), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00610-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, D., & Shaw, R. (2009). The psychology of news influence and the development of media framing analysis. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(4), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00180.x
   Google Scholar
• Gunning, J. N. (2022). “But you don’t look sick:” Memorable messages of emerging adulthood autoimmune disease. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40(6), 2008–2030. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221137548
   Google Scholar
• Gunning, J. N., & Taladay-Carter, C. (2023). Grieving “the death of possibility”: Memorable messages of (dis)enfranchised loss in invisible, physical illness. Health Communication. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2257942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication Methods and Measures, 1(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450709336664
   Google Scholar
• Hintz, E., & Tucker, R. (2023). Contesting illness: Communicative (dis)enfranchisement in patient-provider conversations about chronic overlapping pain conditions. Human Communication Research, 49(2), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqad004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintz, E. A. (2020). Pain communication: An agenda for communication researchers. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(4), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1843368
   Google Scholar
• Hintz, E. A. (2022). “It’s all in your head”: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research about disenfranchising talk experienced by female patients with chronic overlapping pain conditions. Health Communication, 38(11), 2501–2515. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2081046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintz, E. A., & Haywood, A. (2021). Media frames of voluntary childlessness in the United States from 1989 to 2018. Sex Roles, 84(11–12), 747–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01197-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintz, E. A., Tucker, R. V., & Wilson, S. R. (2023). Developing measures for and testing the theory of communicative disenfranchisement (TCD) in the context of chronic pain. Health Communication. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2275916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook, C. (2021). Easing the pain of being labeled a “drug seeker”: Navigating the metanarrative of addiction. Health Communication, 36(3), 401–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1693127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [IOM] Institute of Medicine. (2011) . Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jay, J., Chan, A., Gayed, G., & Patterson, J. (2022). Coverage of the opioid crisis in national network television news from 2000–2020: A content analysis. Substance Abuse, 43(1), 1322–1332. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2022.2074594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023a). Opioid use disorder. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/opioid-use-disorder
   Google Scholar
• Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023b). Opioids. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/opioids
   Google Scholar
• Kosten, T. R., & George, T. P. (2002). The neurobiology of opioid dependence: Implications for treatment. Science & Practice Perspectives 1(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1151/Fspp021113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krebs, E. (2023). Queering the desire to die: Access intimacy as worldmaking for survival. Journal of Homosexuality, 70(1), 168–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2022.2103874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, H. (2023). Highlighting victim vividness and external attribution to influence policy support regarding the opioid epidemic: The mediating role of emotions. Health Communication. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2212139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Z., Ma, R., & Ledford, V. (2023). Is my story better than his story? Understanding the effects and mechanisms of narrative point of view in the opioid context. Health Communication, 38(9), 1847–1855. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2037198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, P., Scharp, K., & Thomas, L. (2022). The meaning of misinformation and those who correct it: An extension of relational dialectics theory. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(5), 1256–1276. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211050429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthes, J., & Kohring, M. (2008). The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of Communication, 58(2), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00384.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthias, M., Krebs, E., Collins, L., Bergman, A., Coffing, J., & Bair, M. (2013). “I’m not abusing or anything”: Patient–physician communication about opioid treatment in chronic pain. Patient Education and Counseling, 93(2), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.06.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthias, M., Talib, T., & Huffman, M. (2020). Managing chronic pain in an opioid crisis: What is the role of shared decision-making? Health Communication, 35(10), 1239–1247. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1625000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthias, M. S. (2020). Opioid tapering and the patient-provider relationship. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(1), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05337-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCradden, M., Vasileva, D., Orchanian-Cheff, A., & Buchman, D. (2019). Ambiguous identities of drugs and people: A scoping review of opioid-related stigma. International Journal of Drug Policy, 74(2019), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.10.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGinty, E., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., Baller, J., Niederdeppe, J., Gollust, S., & Barry, C. (2016). Criminal activity or treatable health condition? News media framing of opioid analgesic abuse in the United States, 1998–2012. Psychiatric Services, 67(4), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinty, E., Stone, E., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., & Barry, C. (2019). Stigmatizing language in news media coverage of the opioid epidemic: Implications for public health. Preventive Medicine, 124(2019), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGinty, E., Stone, E., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., Sanders, K., Beacham, A., & Barry, C. (2019). U.S. news media coverage of solutions to the opioid crisis, 2013–2017. Preventive Medicine, 126(2019), 105771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Midwest Medical Examiner’s Office. (2016) . Release of public data; MN statute 13.83; Subd 2.
   Google Scholar
• National Association of Attorneys General. (2023). Opioids. https://www.naag.org/issues/opioids/
   Google Scholar
• Neuendorff, K. (2011). Content analysis–a methodological primer for gender research. Sex Roles, 64(1), 276–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9893-0
   Google Scholar
• Newton, B. J., Southall, J. L., Raphael, J. H., Ashford, R. L., & LeMarchand, K. (2013). A narrative review of the impact of disbelief in chronic pain. Pain Management Nursing, 14(3), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2010.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasman, E., O’Shay, S., Hicks, D., Resko, S. M., Agius, E., & Brown, S. (2023). Stigma communication surrounding nonmedical opioid use among affected family members. Health Communication. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2167588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pergolizzi, J., Rosenblatt, M., & LeQuang, J. (2019). Three years down the road: The aftermath of the CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Advances in Therapy, 36(6), 1235–1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-00954-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryma, J. (2017). “Even my sister says I’m acting like a crazy to get a check”: Race, gender, and moral boundary-work in women’s claims of disabling chronic pain. Social Science & Medicine, 181, 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racine, M. (2018). Chronic pain and suicide risk: A comprehensive review. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 87(2018), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scarry, E. (1985). The body in pain: The making and unmaking of the world. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, K. M., Pratt, R., Ricco, J., & Brown, K. (2022). “Can we have a little humanity here?”: Patient perspectives on the impact of a standardized care process for patients who use opioids for the management of chronic pain. Patient Education and Counseling, 105(7), 2404–2409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2022.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, D., Watts, M., Domk, D., & Fan, D. (2002). News framing and cueing of issue regimes: Explaining Clinton’s public approval in spite of scandal. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(3), 339–370. https://doi.org/10.1086/341396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starrels, J., Fox, A., Kunins, H., & Cunningham, C. (2012). They don’t know what they don’t know: Internal medicine residents’ knowledge and confidence in urine drug test interpretation for patients with chronic pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(11), 1521–1527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2165-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. M., Babu, S., & Makos, S. (2023). A grounded theory of credibility work and illness: Explication and application to the case of women on trial in healthcare. Communication Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502231184318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news. Free.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Pain Foundation. (2023). Resources. https://uspainfoundation.org/resources/
   Google Scholar
• Voorhees, H. L. (2022). “I was literally just not myself:” How chronic pain changes multiple frames of identity. Health Communication, 38(8), 1641–1653. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2025702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorhees, H. L., Makos, S., Babu, S., Taniguchi-Dorios, E., & Thompson, C. M. (2023). People who help people: A needs assessment of those who provide interpersonal support to individuals with chronic illness. Personal Relationships. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware, W. B., Ferron, J. M., & Miller, B. M. (2013). Introductory statistics: A conceptual approach using R. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, F., Rice, K., & Sud, A. (2020). A critical content analysis of media reporting on opioids: The social construction of an epidemic. Social Science & Medicine, 244(2020), 112642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112642
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolfe, B. H., & Scharp, K. M. (2023). A (in) curable disease? Making meaning of addiction from the perspective of people in recovery from opioid use disorder. Health Communication, 38(13), 2936–2944. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2128157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong, J., Mullins, P., & Bhattacharyya, N. (2022). Prevalence of chronic pain among adults in the United States. Pain, 163(2), e328–332. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan, R. A., & Radvansky, G. A. (1998). Situation models in language comprehension and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 123(2), 162–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar