Vaccinating with Valor: A Risk Preventive Model to Explain Factors in Parents’ Choice to Vaccinate Their Children for COVID-19

References

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (2012). Theory of planned behavior. In P. A. M. Lange, A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 438–459). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n22
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2022, October 23). Summary of data publicly reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-vaccination-trends/#:~:text=Children%20Ages%205%20Months%2D4,dose%20of%20COVID%2D19%20vaccine
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C. & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkorful, V. E. Lugu, B. K, Shuliang, Z, & Charway, S. M. (2023). Investigating COVID-19 vaccine uptake intention using an integrated model of protection motivation theory and an extended version of the theory of planned behavior. Health Communication, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2201730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, L. McLeod-Morin, A, Yang, C. King, A, Thomas, S. & Boone, K. (2023). Rural redemption: A model to help understand the perspectives of rural Americans related to vaccine science. Journal of Applied Communication, 106(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2446
   Google Scholar
• Baker, R. Brick, J. M, Bates, N. A. Battaglia, M, Couper, M. P, Dever, J. A. Gile, K. J. & Tourangeau, R. (2013). Summary report of the AAPOR task force on non-probability sampling. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 1(2), 90–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smt008
   Google Scholar
• Benin, A. L. Wisler-Scher, D. J. Colson, E, Shapiro, E. D, & Holmboe, E. S. (2006). Qualitative analysis of mothers’ decision-making about vaccines for infants: The importance of trust. Pediatrics, 117(5), 1532–1541. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, L., Nolan, T., Pattison, P., & Carlin, J. (1998). Vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizations: A qualitative study of mothers’ perceptions of severity, susceptibility, benefits, and barriers. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 22(4), 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.1998.tb01411.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S. & Chaiken, S. (1999). The heuristic-systematic model in its broader context. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 73–96). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chew, N. W. Cheong, C. Kong, G. Phua, K. Ngiam, J. N. Tan, B. Y. Wang, B. Hao, F. Tan, W. Han, X. Tran, B. X. Hoang, M. T. Pham, H. Q. Vu, G. T. Chen, Y. Danuaji, R. Komalkumar, R. N. Meenakshi, P. V. Talati, K … Sharma, V. K. (2021). An Asia-Pacific study on healthcare workers’ perceptions of, and willingness to receive, the COVID-19 vaccination. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 106, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dillard, J. P. (2011). An application of the integrative model to women’s intention to be vaccinated against HPV: Implications for message design. Health Communication, 26(5), 479–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.554170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubé, E. Laberge, C. Guay, M. Bramadat, P. Roy, R. & Bettinger, J. A. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: An overview. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 9(8), 1763–1773. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.24657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, P. Eames, K. & Heymann, D. L. (2011). “Herd immunity”: A rough guide. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(7), 911–916. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowlkes, A. L. Yoon, S. K. Lutrick, K. Gwynn, L. Burns, J. Grant, L. Phillips, A. L. Ellingson, K. Ferraris, M. V, LeClair, L. B. Mathenge, C. Yoo, Y. M. Thiese, M. S. Gerald, L. B. Solle, N. S. Jeddy, Z. Odame-Bamfo, L. Mak, J. Hegmann, K. T … Gaglani, M. (2022). Effectiveness of 2-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among children aged 5–11 years and adolescents aged 12–15 years—Protect cohort, July 2021–February 2022. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 71(11), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7111e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, R. J. Dunwoody, S. & Neuwirth, K. (1999). Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors. Environmental Research, 80(2), S230–S245. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hause, A. M. Baggs, J. Marquez, P. Abara, W. E. Olubajo, B. Myers, T. R. Su, J. R. Thompson, D. Gee, J. Shimabukuro, T. T. & Shay, D. K. (2022). Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among persons aged 12–17 years—United States, December 9, 2021–February 20, 2022. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 71(9), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7109e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hause, A. M, Gee, J, Baggs, J, Abara, W. E, Marquez, P, Thompson, D, Su, J. R, Licata, C, Rosenblum, H. G, Myers, T. R, Shimabukuro, T. T, & Shay, D. K. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine safety in adolescents aged 12–17 years — United States, December 14, 2020–July 16, 2021. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 70(31), 1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7031e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hause, A. M. Marquez, P. Zhang, B. Myers, T. R. Gee, J. Su, J. R, Su, J. R. Parker, C. Thompson, D. Panchanathan, S. S. Shimabukuro, T. T. & Shay, D. K. (2022). COVID-19 mRNA vaccine safety among children aged 6 months–5 years—United States, June 18, 2022–August 21, 2022. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 71(35), 1115–1120. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7135a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayduk, L. Cummings, G. Boadu, K. Pazderka-Robinson, H. & Boulianne, S (2007). Testing! Testing! One, two, three–testing the theory in structural equation models! Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks, F. Kienhues, D. & Bromme, R. (2016). Trust in science and the science of trust. In B. Blöbaum (Ed.), Trust and communication in a digitized world: Models and concepts of trust research (pp. 143–159). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28059-2_8
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahlor, L. Dunwoody, S. Griffin, R. J. Neuwirth, K. & Giese, J. (2003). Studying heuristic‐systematic processing of risk communication. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 23(2), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Küçükali, H. Ataç, Ö. Palteki, A. S. Tokaç, A. Z. & Hayran, O. (2022). Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination attitudes during the start of COVID-19 vaccination program: A content analysis on Twitter data. Vaccines, 10(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamm, A. J. & Lamm, K. W. (2019). Using non-probability sampling methods in agricultural and extension education research. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 26(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.5191/iaee.2019.26105
   Google Scholar
• Li, J. & Zheng, H. (2022). Online information seeking and disease prevention intent during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 99(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699020961518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L. & Li, J. (2020). Factors affecting young Chinese women’s intentions to uptake human papillomavirus vaccination: An extension of the theory of planned behavior model. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(12), 3123–3130. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1779518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, N. E. Butler, R, & Dubé, E. (2018). Addressing barriers to vaccine acceptance: An overview. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(1), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1394533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marti, M. de Cola, M. MacDonald, N. E. Dumolard, L. Duclos, P, & Borrow, R. (2017). Assessments of global drivers of vaccine hesitancy in 2014—looking beyond safety concerns. Public Library of Science One, 12(3), e0172310. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172310
   Google Scholar
• McCright, A. M. Dentzman, K. Charters, M. & Dietz, T. (2013). The influence of political ideology on trust in science. Environmental Research Letters, 8(4), 044029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee, C. & Bohannon, K. (2016). Exploring the reasons behind parental refusal of vaccines. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 21(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.2.104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nah, S., Williamson, L. D., Kahlor, L. A., Atkinson, L., Upshaw, S. J., & Ntang-Beb, J. L. (2023). The roles of social media use and medical mistrust in Black Americans’ COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: The RISP model perspective. Health Communication, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2023.2244169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullan, S. & Dey, M. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination in the time of COVID-19: A google trends analysis. Vaccine, 39(14), 1877–1881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. (2019, December 8). ESOMAR 28: 28 questions to help research buyers of online samples. https://www.iup.edu/arl/files/qualtrics/esomar.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Salmon, D. A., Sotir, M. J., Pan, W. K., Berg, J. L., Omer, S. B., Stokley, S., Hopfensperger, D. J., Davis, J. P., & Halsey, N. A. (2009). Parental vaccine refusal in Wisconsin: A case-control study. WMJ: Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin, 108(1), 17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Troiano, G. & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health, 194, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, K. Larsen, S. & Øgaard, T. (2019). How to define and measure risk perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2014, October 23). Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy. https://www.asset-scienceinsociety.eu/sites/default/files/sage_working_group_revised_report_vaccine_hesitancy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2020, October 23). Global vaccine action plan monitoring, evaluation & accountability: Secretariat annual report 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-vaccine-action-plan-monitoring-evaluation-accountability-secretariat-annual-report-2020
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, X. & Wong, R. M. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy and perceived behavioral control: A meta-analysis. Vaccine, 38(33), 5131–5138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J. Z. Dong, X. & Liu, Z. (2022). Systematic processing of COVID-19 information: Relevant channel beliefs and perceived information gathering capacity as moderators. Science Communication, 44(1), 60–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470211044781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. & Kim, Y. (2023). Integrating the theory of planned behavior and bonding social capital to examine Chinese women’s tampon use intentions. Health Communication, 38(3), 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1962586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z. J. (2015). Predicting young adults’ intentions to get the H1N1 vaccine: An integrated model. Journal of Health Communication, 20(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2014.904023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z. J., McComas, K., Gay, G., Leonard, J. P., Dannenberg, A. J., & Dillon, H. (2010). Motivation for health information seeking and processing about clinical trial enrollment. Health Communication, 25(5), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.483338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Roberto, A. J., & Lu, A. H. (2021). Understanding online health risk information seeking and avoiding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Communication, 44(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1958981
   Google Scholar