The what and the how of self-care for sport psychology practitioners: A delphi study

References

• Andersen, M. B., Van Raalte, J. L., & Brewer, B. W. (2001). Sport psychology service delivery: Staying ethical while keeping loose. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 32(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.32.1.12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, E. K. (2003). Caring for ourselves: A. therapist’s guide to personal and professional well-being. Psychological Association Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, J. E., Baker, E. K., Elman, N. S., & Schoener, G. R. (2007). In pursuit of wellness: The self-care imperative. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(6), 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.38.6.603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, J. E., Johnston, L. C., & Hillard, D. (2006). Psychotherapist wellness as an ethical imperative. In L. VandeCreek & J. B. Allen (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: Focus on health and wellness (pp. 257–271). Professional Resources Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, L. D., Carello, J., & Maguin, E. (2017). Trauma, stress, and self-care in clinical training: Predictors of burnout, decline in health status, secondary traumatic stress symptoms, and compassion satisfaction. Psychological Trauma, 9(4), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, L., Gilroy, P. J., & Murra, J. (1999). The moral imperative: Self-care for women psychotherapists. Women & Therapy, 22(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v22n02_10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, L. A., & Barnett, J. E. (2014). Self-care for clinicians in training: A guide to psychological wellness for graduate students in psychology. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Colman, D. E., Echon, R., Lemay, M. S., McDonald, J., Smith, K. R., Spencer, J., & Swift, J. K. (2016). The efficacy of self-care for graduate students in professional psychology: A meta-analysis. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 10(4), 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropley, B., Baldock, L., Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Wadey, R. (2016). Coping with the demands of professional practice: Sport psychology consultants’ perspectives. The Sport Psychologist, 30(3), 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2015-0125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropley, B., Hanton, S., Miles, A., & Niven, A. (2010). Exploring the relationship between effective and reflective practice in applied sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist, 24(4), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.4.521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalkey, N. C. (1972). The Delphi method: An experimental study of group opinion. In N. C. Dalkey, D. L. Rourke, R. Lewis, & D. Snyder (Eds.), Studies in the quality of life: Delphi and decision-making (pp. 13–54). Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Dalkey, N. C., Brown, B. B., & Cochran, S. W. (1970). The Delphi method, IV: Effect of percentile feedback and feed-in of relevant facts. Rand Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H., & Gustafson, D. H. (1975). Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and Delphi processes. Scott Foresman.
   Google Scholar
• Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The Taylor design method (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Dlugos, R. F., & Friedlander, M. L. (2001). Passionately committed psychotherapists: A qualitative study of their experiences. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(3), 298–304. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.32.3.298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorociak, K. E., Rupert, P. A., Bryant, F. B., & Zahniser, E. (2017). Development of the professional self-care scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(3), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorociak, K. E., Rupert, P. A., & Zahniser, E. (2017). Work life, well-being, and self-care across the professional lifespan of psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(6), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ghoroury, N. H., Galper, D. I., Sawaqdeh, A., & Bufka, L. F. (2012). Stress, coping, and barriers to wellness among psychology graduate students. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 6(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028768
   Google Scholar
• Etzel, E. F., & Watson, J. C. (2006). Ethics in sport and exercise psychology. Ethics & Behavior, 16, 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher, D., Rumbolt, J. L., Tester, R., & Coombes, M. S. (2011). Sport psychologists’ experiences of organizational stressors. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 363–381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.3.363
   Google Scholar
• Fuselier, D. (2003). Self-care among psychology graduate students and psychologists: Implications for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being Psy.D. dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, United States – Colorado. Retrieved Sept. 27, 2020, from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text database.
   Google Scholar
• Goncher, I. D., Sherman, M. F., Barnett, J. E., & Haskins, D. (2013). Programmatic perceptions of self-care emphasis and quality of life among graduate trainees in clinical psychology: The mediational role of self-care utilization. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 7(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberl, P., & Peterson, K. (2006). Olympic-size ethical dilemmas: Issues and challenges for sport psychology consultants on the road and at the Olympic games. Ethics & Behavior, 16(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb1601_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, R. L., & Westwood, M. J. (2009). Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: Identifying protective practices. Psychotherapy, 46(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutter, R. I., Oldenhof-Veldman, T., Pijpers, J. R., & Oudejans, R. R. (2017). Professional development in sport psychology: Relating learning experiences to learning outcomes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1183152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaynak, E., & Macaulay, J. A. (1984). The Delphi Technique in the measurement of tourism market potential: The case of Nova Scotia. Tourism Management, 5(2), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(84)90056-6
   Google Scholar
• Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2011). The Delphi technique. In S. Keeney, F. Hasson, and H. McKenna (Eds.), The Delphi technique in nursing and health research (pp. 1–17). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Kissil, K., & Niño, A. (2017). Does the Person-of-the-Therapist Training (POTT) promote self-care? Personal gains of MFT Trainees Following POTT: A retrospective thematic analysis. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 43(3), 526–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp, S. J., VandeCreek, L. D., & Fingerhut, R. (2017). Practical ethics for psychologists: A positive approach (3rd ed.). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig, B. (1997). Predicting the future: Have you considered using the Delphi methodology? Journal of Extension, 35, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Mayorga, M. G., Devries, S. R., & Wardle, E. A. (2015). The practice of self-care among counseling students. Journal of Educational and Psychology, 8(3), 21–28.
   Google Scholar
• McCormack, H. M., MacIntyre, T. E., O’Shea, D., Campbell, M. J., & Igou, E. R. (2015). Practicing what we preach: Investigating the role of social support in sport Psychologists’ Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1854–1812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwan, H. E., Tod, D., & Eubank, M. (2019). The rocky road to individuation: Sport psychologists’ perspectives on professional development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 101542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Van den Bos, G. R. (2018). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care. Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: An example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pack, S., Hemmings, B., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2014). The self-practice of sport psychologists: do they practice what they preach. The Sport Psychologist, 28(2), 198–210. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2012-0085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poczwardowski, A. (2019). Deconstructing sport and performance psychology consultant: Expert, person, performer, and self-regulator. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(5), 427–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1390484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posluns, K., & Gall, T. L. (2020). Dear mental health practitioners, take care of yourselves: A literature review on self-care. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 42(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09382-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartiroli, A., Etzel, E. F., Knight, S. M., & Zakrajsek, R. A. (2019). Self-care as key to others’ care: The perspectives of globally situated experienced senior-level sport psychology practitioners. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 31(2), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1460420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartiroli, A., Knight, S. M., Etzel, E. F., & Zakrajsek, R. A. (2019). Fostering and sustaining sport psychology professional quality of life: The perspectives of senior-level, experienced sport psychology practitioners. The Sport Psychologist, 33(2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartiroli, A., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Etzel, E. F. (2019). The professional quality of life of sport psychologists: Development of a novel conceptualization and measure. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 50(3), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartiroli, A., Wagstaff, C. R., Herms, M., & Kemmel, C. (2021). The future of continuing education and lifelong learning in sport psychology professionals: A Delphi study. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 52(2), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000362
   Google Scholar
• Rønnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2013). The developing practitioner: Growth and stagnation of therapists and counselors. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 15(4), 353–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupert, P. A., & Dorociak, K. E. (2019). Self-care, stress, and well-being among practicing psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 50(5), 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santana, M. C., & Fouad, N. A. (2017). Development and validation of a self-care behavior inventory. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 11(3), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skovholt, T. M., & Trotter-Mathison, M. (2016). The resilient practitioner: Burnout and compassion fatigue prevention and self-care strategies for the helping professions. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M., McEwan, H. E., Tod, D., & Martindale, A. (2019). UK trainee sport and exercise psychologists’ perspectives on developing professional judgment and decision-making expertise during training. The Sport Psychologist, 33(4), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stapleton, A. B., Hankes, D. M., Hays, K. F., & Parham, W. D. (2010). Ethical dilemmas in sport psychology: A dialogue on the unique aspects impacting practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tod, D., Hardy, J., Lavallee, D., Eubank, M., & Ronkainen, N. (2019). Practitioners’ narratives regarding active ingredients in service delivery: Collaboration-based problem solving. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tod, D., Hutter, R. V., & Eubank, M. (2017). Professional development for sport psychology practice. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 134–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valente, V., & Marotta, A. (2005). The impact of yoga on the professional and personal life of the psychotherapist. Contemporary Family Therapy, 27(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-004-1971-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venart, E., Vassos, S., & Pitcher-Heft, H. (2007). What individual counselors can do to sustain wellness. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 46(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2007.tb00025.x
   Google Scholar
• Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Quartiroli, A. (2020). Psychology and psychologists in search of an identity: What and who are we, and why does it matter? Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 11(4), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2020.1833124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wise, E. H., & Barnett, J. E. (2016). Self-care for psychologists. In J. C. Norcross, G. R. VandenBos, D. K. Freedheim, & L. F. Campbell (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology^®. APA handbook of clinical psychology: Education and profession (pp. 209–222). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Wise, E. H., Hersh, M. A., & Gibson, C. L. (2012). Ethics, self-care and well-being for psychologists: Re-envisioning the stress-distress continuum. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahniser, E., Rupert, P. A., & Dorociak, K. E. (2017). Self-care in clinical psychology graduate training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 11(4), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar