References
- Altman , I. A. and Taylor , D. A. 1973 . Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relations , New York : Holt, Rinehard, and Winston .
- Ayres , J. 1984 . Four approaches to interpersonal communication: Review, observation, prognosis . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 48 : 408 – 440 .
- Ayres , J. 1989 . The impact of communication apprehension and interaction structure on initial interactions . Communication Monographs , 56 : 75 – 87 .
- Baker , E. 1964 . An experimental study of speech disturbance for the measurement of stage fright in the basic speech course . Southern Speech Journal , 29 : 232 – 243 .
- Berger , C. R. and Calabrese , R. J. 1975 . Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communicaton . Human Communication Research , 1 : 99 – 112 .
- Berger , C. R. , Gardner , R. R. , Clatterbuck , G. W. and Schulman , L.S. 1976 . Perceptions of information sequencing in relationship development . Human Commnicaton Research , 3 : 29 – 46 .
- Bochner , A. 1978 . On taking ourselves seriously: An analysis of some persistent problems and promising directions in interpersonal research . Human Communication Research , 4 : 179 – 191 .
- Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. 1986 . Effects of evaluation, task structure, trait‐CA, and reticence on state‐CA and behavioral disruption in dyadic settings . Communication Monographs , 53 : 144 – 159 .
- Booth‐Butterfield , S. and Gould , M. 1986 . The communication anxiety inventory: validation of state and context communication apprehension . Communication Quarterly , 34 : 194 – 205 .
- Burgoon , J. K. 1976 . The unwillingness‐to‐communicate scale: Development and validation . Communication Monographs , 43 : 60 – 69 .
- Burgoon , J. K. and Koper , R. J. 1984 . Nonverbal and relational communication associated with reticence . Human Communication Research , 10 : 601 – 626 .
- Cegala , D. J. , Savage , G. T. , Brnner , C. I. and Conrad , A. B. 1982 . An elaboration of the meaning of interaction involvement: Toward the development of a theoretical concept . Communication Monographs , 49 : 229 – 248 .
- Clevenger , T. Jr. 1959 . A synthesis of experimental research in stage fright . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 45 : 134 – 145 .
- Daly , J. A. , Bell , R. A. , Glenn , P. J. and Lawrence , S. 1985 . Conceptualizing conversational complexity . Human Communication Research , 12 : 30 – 53 .
- Daly , J. A. and McCroskey , J. C. 1975 . Occupational choice and desirability as a function of communication apprehension . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 22 : 309 – 313 .
- Daly , J. A. and Stafford , L. 1984 . “ Correlates and consequences of social‐communicative anxiety ” . In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension , Edited by: Daly , J. A. and McCroskey , J. C. 125 – 143 . Beverly Hills : Sage .
- Duck , S. W. , Rutt , D. J. , Hurst , M. H. and Strejc , H. 1991 . Some evident truths about conversations in everyday relationships: All communications are not created equal . Human Communication, Research , 18 : 228 – 267 .
- Duncan , S. 1972 . Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversation . Journal of Personality and Psychology , 23 : 283 – 292 .
- Duncan , S. Jr. and Fiske , D. W. 1977 . Face to face interaction: Research, methods, and theory , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
- Goffman , E. 1963 . Behavior in public places , New York : The Free Press .
- Hays , R. B. 1989 . The day‐to‐day functioning of close versus casual friendship . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , : 1 – 7 . 21 – 37 .
- Lerea , L. 1956 . A preliminary study of the verbal behavior of speech fright . Speech Monographs , 23 : 229 – 233 .
- McCroskey , J. C. 1982 . An introduction to rhetorical communication , 4th Ed. , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
- McCroskey , J. C. and Andersen , J. F. 1976 . The relationship between communication apprehensives and academic achievement among college students . Human Communication Research , 3 : 73 – 81 .
- McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1977 . Communication apprehension as a predictor of self‐disclosure . Communication Quarterly , 25 : 40 – 43 .
- McCroskey , J. C. , Richmond , V. P. , Daly , J. A. and Cox , B. G. 1975 . The effects of communication apprehension on interpersonal attraction . Human Communication Research , 2 : 51 – 65 .
- McCroskey , J. C. and Sheahan , M. E. 1978 . Communication Apprehension, social preference, and social behavior in a college environment . Communication Quarterly , 26 : 41 – 45 .
- McCroskey , J. C. , Simpson , T. J. and Richmond , V. P. 1982 . Biological sex and communication apprehension . Communication Quarterly , 30 : 129 – 133 .
- Miller , G. M. 1978 . The current status of theory and research in interpersonal communication . Human Communication Research , 4 : 164 – 178 .
- Natale , M. , Entine , E. and Jaffee , J. 1979 . Vocal interruptions in dyadic communication as a function of speech and social anxiety . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 865 – 878 .
- Parks , M. 1982 . “ Ideology in interpersonal communication: Off the couch and into the world ” . In Communication Yearbook , Edited by: Burgoon , M. Vol. V , 79 – 107 . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction .
- Pilkonis , P. 1977 . The behavioral consequences of shyness . Journal of Personality , 45 : 596 – 611 .
- Powers , W. G. 1977 . The rhetorical interrogative: Anxiety or Control? . Human Communication Research , 4 : 44 – 47 .
- Remland , M. S. Effects of nonverbal reinforcement and communication apprehension on speech duration, interpersonal attraction, and state anxiety in information gathering interviews . Paper presented at the Western Speech Communication Association Convention . Denver, CO. November .
- Richmond , V. P. 1978 . The relationship between trait and state communication apprehension and interpersonal perceptions during acquaintance stages . Human Communication Research , 4 : 338 – 349 .
- Robbins , O. , Devoe , S. and Wiener , M. 1978 . Social patterns of turn‐taking: Nonverbal regulators . Journal of Communication , 28 : 38 – 46 .
- Sacks , H. , Schegloff , E. M. and Jefferson , G. 1978 . “ A simplest systematics for the organization of turn‐taking for conversation ” . In Studies in the Organization of Conversation of Interaction , Edited by: Schenkein , Jim . 7 – 55 . New York, NY : Academic Press .
- Scott , W. A. 1955 . Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding . Public Opinion Quarterly , 19 : 321 – 325 .
- Stacks , D. and Stone , J. D. 1983 . The effect of self‐concept, self‐disclosure, and type of basic speech course on communication apprehension . Communication , 12 : 105 – 127 .
- Wheeler , L. , Reis , H. T. and Nezlek , J. 1989 . Communication strategies for intensifying dating relationships: Identification, use and structure . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 6 : 413 – 434 .
- Wheeless , L. R. , Nesser , K. and McCroskey , J. C. 1976 . The relationships of self‐disclosure and disclosiveness to high and low communication apprehension . Communication Research Reports , 3 : 129 – 134 .
- Wiemann , J. M. and Knapp , M. L. 1975 . Turn‐taking in conversations . Journal of Communication , 25 : 75 – 92 .
- Zunin , L. 1972 . Contact: The first four minutes , Los Angeles, CA : Nash Publishing .