Sphaerapus, A Poorly Known Invertebrate Trace Fossil From Nonmarine Permian and Jurassic Strata of North America

REFERENCES

• Beckemeyer , R. J. and Engel , M. S. 2008 . A second specimen of Permocoleus (Coleoptera) from the Lower Permian Wellington Formation of Noble County, Oklahoma . Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 81 : 4 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Béthoux , O. 2009 . The earliest beetle identified . Journal of Paleontology , 83 : 931 – 937 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley , R. G. 1996 . Trace Fossils Biology, Taphonomy and Applications , 361 London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Chamberlain , C. K. 1975 . “ Recent Lebensspuren in nonmarine aquatic environments ” . In The Study of Trace Fossils , Edited by: Frey , R. W. New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , G. R. and Ratcliffe , B. C. 1989 . Observations on the tunnel morphology of Heterocerus brunneus Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) and its paleoecological significance . Journal of Paleontology , 63 : 228 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey , R. W. and Pemberton , S. G. 1987 . The Psilonichnus ichnocoenose, and its relationship to adjacent marine and nonmarine ichnocoenoses along the Georgia coast . Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology , 35 : 333 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häntzschel , W. 1962 . “ Trace fossils and Problematica ” . In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W , Edited by: Moore , R. C. Miscellanea. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Häntzschel , W. 1975 . “ Trace fossils and Problematica ” . In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W , Edited by: Moore , R. C. 269 Miscellanea, Supplement 1. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock , C. H. 1871 . “ Account and complete list of the Ichnozoa of the Connecticut Valley ” . In Official Topographical Atlas of Massachusetts. Stedman, Brown and Lyon, Boston Edited by: Walling , F. H. and Gray , O. W.
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock , C. H. 1889 . Recent progress in ichnology . Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History , 24 : 117 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock , E. 1858 . Ichnology of New England. A Report on the Sandstone of the Connecticut Valley, Especially its Fossil Footmarks , 220 Boston : William White .
   Google Scholar
• Hunt , A. P. and Lucas , S. G. 2006 . “ Permian tetrapod ichnofacies ” . In Non-marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology. Geological Society , Edited by: Lucas , S. G. , Cassinis , G. and Schneider , J. W. 265 London : Special Publication .
   Google Scholar
• ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] . 1999 . International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 306 London
   Google Scholar
• Kim , J. Y. , Kim , K. and Pickerill , R. K. 2002 . Cretaceous nonmarine trace fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju formations of the Namhae area, Kyongsangnamdo, southeast Korea . Ichnos , 9 : 41 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , A. J. , Lucas , S. G. and Voigt , S. 2011 . Walpia from the Early Permian Abo formation of Socorro County, Central New Mexico . New Mexico Geology , 33 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , A. J. , Lucas , S. G. and Voigt , S. 2012 . The first Mesozoic record of Walpia hermitensis, an invertebrate trace fossil previously known only from the Permian of the American Southwest . Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs , 44 : 89
   Google Scholar
• Lubkin , S. H. and Engel , M. S. 2005 . Permocoleus, new genus, the first Permian beetle (Coleoptera) from North America . Annals of the Entomological Society , 98 : 73 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. and Heckert , A. B. 1995 . Early Permian footprints and facies . New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin , 6 : 301
   Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. , Estep , J. W. and Hoffer , J. M. 1998 . Permian stratigraphy and paleontology of the Robledo Mountains, New Mexico . New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin , 12 : 98
   Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. , Voigt , S. , Lerner , A. J. and Nelson , J. W. 2011a . Late Early Permian continental ichnofauna from Lake Kemp, north-central Texas . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 308 : 395 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. , Voigt , S. , Lerner , A. J. , MacDonald , J. P. , Spielmann , J. A. and Celeskey , M. D. 2011b . The prehistoric trackways national monument, Permian of southern New Mexico, USA . Ichnology Newsletter , 28 : 10 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Lull , R. S. 1915 . Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley . Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin , 24 : 285
   Google Scholar
• Lull , R. S. 1953 . Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley . Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin , 81 : 336
   Google Scholar
• MacEachern , J. A. , Pemberton , S. G. , Gingras , M. K. and Bann , K. L. 2007 . “ The ichnofacies paradigm: A fifty-year retrospective ” . In Trace Fossils Concepts, Problems, Prospects , Edited by: Miller , W. III . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Mángano , M. G. , Buatois , L. A. , Maples , C. G. and West , R. R. 2000 . A new ichnospecies of Nereites from Carboniferous tidal-flat facies of eastern Kansas, USA: Implications for the Nereites-Neonereites debate . Journal of Paleontology , 74 : 149 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz , R. 1990 . Tunnels formed by mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae): Paleoecological implications . Ichnos , 1 : 139 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Minter , N. J. and Braddy , S. J. 2009 . Ichnology of an Early Permian intertidal flat: The Robledo Mountains Formation of southern New Mexico, USA . Special Papers in Palaeontology , 82 : 1 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Minter , N. J. , Krainer , K. , Lucas , S. G. , Braddy , S. J. and Hunt , A. P. 2007 . Palaeoecology of an Early Permian playa lake trace fossil assemblage from Castle Peak, Texas, USA . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 246 : 390 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S. G. , Gingras , M. K. and MacEachern , J. A. 2007 . “ Edward Hitchcock and Roland Bird: Two early titans of vertebrate ichnology in North America ” . In Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects , Edited by: Miller , W. III . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Perrichot , V. , Néraudeau , D. , Azar , D. , Menier , J.-J. and Nel , A. 2002 . A new genus and species of fossil mole cricket in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente-Maritime, SW France (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) . Cretaceous Research , 23 : 307 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainforth , E. C. 2005 . Ichnotaxonomy of the Fossil Footprints of the Connecticut Valley (Early Jurassic, Newark Supergroup, Connecticut and Massachusetts). Unpublished doctoral dissertation , New York : Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe , B. C. and Fagerstrom , J. A. 1980 . Invertebrate Lebensspuren of Holocene floodplains: Their morphology, origin and paleoecological significance . Journal of Paleontology , 54 : 614 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1967 . Bathymetry of trace fossils . Marine Geology , 5 : 413 – 428 .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , B. , Steiner , M. and Zhu , M. 2007 . Precambrian-Cambrian trace fossils from the Yangtze Platform (south China) and the early evolution of bilaterian lifestyles . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 254 : 328 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , D. 1929 . Flora of the Hermit Shale, Grand Canyon, Arizona . Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication , 405 : 1 – 221 .
   Google Scholar