243
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH ARTICLES

Two New, Substrate-Controlled Nonmarine Ichnofacies

Pages 248-261 | Received 16 Mar 2015, Accepted 14 Apr 2016, Published online: 06 Sep 2016

References

  • Abel, O. 1933. Ein fossiles Termitennest aus dem Unterpliozän des Wiener Beckens. Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 83: 38–39.
  • Abel, O. 1935. Vorzeitliche Lebensspuren. Jena, Gusav Fischer Verlag, 644 p.
  • Adami-Rodrigues, K., Iannuzzi, R. and Pinto, I. D. 2004. Permian plant-insect interactions from a Gondwana flora of southern Brazil. Fossils and Strata, 51: 106–125.
  • Amerom, H. W. J. van. 1966. Phagophytichnus elowskii nov. Ichnogen. nov. ichnosp. ein Missbildung Infolge von Insektenfrass, aus dem Spanischen Stephanien (Provinz Leon). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 38: 181–184.
  • Andersen, J. L. 1983. Teredoes, the ubiquitous predator. Oceans, 16: 19.
  • Arnaud, G., Arnaud, S., Ascenzi, A., Bonucci, E., and Graziani, G. 1978. On the problem of the preservation of human bone in sea-water. Journal of Human Evolution, 7: 409–420.
  • Ascenzi, A., and Silvestrini, G. 1984. Bone-boring marine microorganisms: An experimental design. Journal of Human Evolution, 13: 531–536.
  • Avilla, L. S., Fernandes, R., and Ramos, D. F. B. 2004. Bite marks on a crocodylomorph from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil: Evidence of social behavior? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24: 971–973.
  • Bader, K. S., Hasiotis, S. T., and Martin, L. D. 2009. Application of forensic science techniques to trace fossils on dinosaur bones from a quarry in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, northeastern Wyoming. Palaios, 24: 140–158.
  • Beck, A. L., and Labandeira, C. C. 1998. Early Permian insect folivory on a gigantopterid-dominated riparian flora from north-central Texas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 142: 139–173.
  • Behrensmeyer, A. K., Gordon, K. D., and Yanagi, G. T. 1986. Trampling as a cause of bone surface damage and pseudocutmarks. Nature, 319: 768–771.
  • Bernhauser, A. 1953. Über Mycelites ossifragus Roux. Auftreten und Formen im Tertiär des Wiener Beckens. Österreichische Akademie Wissenschaft Sitzungsberichte Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 162:119–127.
  • Bernhauser, A. 1962. Über Mycelites ossifragus Roux und Palaeomycelites lacustris Bystrow. Mikroskopie, 17: 187–193.
  • Bertling, M., Braddy, S. J., Bromely, R. G., Demathieu, G. R., Genise, J., Mikulaš, R., Nielsen, J. K., Kielsen, K. S. S., Rindsberg, A. K., Schlirf, M., and Uchman, A. 2006. Names for trace fossils: A uniform approach. Lethaia, 39: 265–286.
  • Binford, L. R. 1981. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. Academic Press, New York.
  • Blair, K. G. 1943. Scolytidae (Col.) from the Wealden Formation. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 79: 59–60.
  • Boucot, A. J. 1990. Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Boucot, A. J., and Poinar, G. O., Jr. 2010. Fossil Behavior Compendium. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 391 p.
  • Brain, C. K. 1981. The Hunters or the Hunted? University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Britt, B. B., Scheetz, R. D., and Dangerfield, A. 2008. A suite of dermestid beetle traces on dinosaur bone from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA. Ichnos, 15: 59–71.
  • Bromley, R. G. 1996. Trace Fossils: Biology and Taphonomy (Second Edition). Unwin Hyman, London, 361 p.
  • Bromley, R. G. 2004. A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion. Geological Society London Special Publication, 228: 455–479.
  • Bromley, R. G., and Jacobsen, A. R. 2008. Ichnotaxa for bite traces of tetrapods: A new area of research or a total waste of time? In Uchman, A. (ed.). Abstract book and the Intra-Congress Field Trip Guidebook Second International Congress on Ichnology, p. 20.
  • Bromley, R. G., Pemberton, G., and Rahman, R. A. 1984. A Cretaceous woodground: The Teredolites ichnofacies. Journal of Paleontology, 58: 488–498.
  • Brongniart, C. 1876. Perforations observées dans deux morceaux de bios fossile. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Serie 5, 7: 215–220.
  • Brues, C. T. 1936. Evidences for insect activity preserved in fossil wood. Journal of Paleontology, 10: 637–643.
  • Buatois, L. A., and Mángano, M. G., 1995. The paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance of the lacustrine Mermia ichnofacies: An archetypal subaqueous nonmarine trace fossil assemblage. Ichnos, 4: 151–161.
  • Buatois, L. A., and Mángano, M. G., 2011. Ichnology: Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space and Time. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 358 p.
  • Buatois, L. A., Mángano, M. G., Genise, J. F., and Taylor, T. N. 1998. The ichnologic record of the continental invertebrate invasion: Evolutionary trends in environmental expansion, ecospace utilization, and behavioral complexity. Palaios, 13: 217–240.
  • Buchholtz. H. 1986. Die Hohle eines Spechtvogels aus dem Eozän von Arizona, USA (Aves, Piciformes). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaflichen Vereins in Hamburg, 28: 5–25.
  • Buckland, W. 1822. Account of an assemblage of fossil teeth and bones of elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, bear, tiger, hyaena, and sixteen other animals; discovered in a cave at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, in the year 1821; with a comparative view on five similar caverns in various parts of England, and others on the continent. Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 112: 171–236.
  • Buffetaut, E. 1983. Wounds on the jaw of an Eocene mesosuchian crocodilian as possible evidence for the antiquity of crocodilian intraspecific fighting behavior. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 57: 143–145.
  • Bunn, H. T. 1991. A taphonomic perspective on the archaeology of human origins. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20: 433–467.
  • Bystrow, A. P. 1956. O razushenii skeltnykh elementov iskopayemykh zhivotnykh gribami [On the destruction of skeletal elements of fossil animals by fungi]. Leningrad University Vestnik, Seriya Geologiy I Geografi vyp, 1: 30–46.
  • Carpenter, K., and Lindsey, D. 1980. The dentary of Brachychampsa montana Gilmore (Alligatorinae: Crocodylidae), a Late Cretaceous turtle-eating alligator. Journal of Paleontology, 54: 1213–1217.
  • Chin, K. 1997. What did dinosaurs eat? Coprolites and other direct evidence of dinosaur diets. In Farlow, J. O., and Brett-Surman, M. K. (eds.). The Complete Dinosaur. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 371–382.
  • Cichan, M. A., and Taylor, T. N. 1982. Wood-borings in Premnoxylon: Plant-animal interactions in the Carboniferous. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 39: 123–127.
  • Crampton, J. S. 1990. A new species of Late Cretaceous wood-boring bivalve from New Zealand. Palaeontology, 33: 981–992.
  • Crane, P. R., and Jarzembowski, E. A. 1980. Insect leaf mines from the Paleocene of southern England. Journal of Natural History, 14: 629–636.
  • Creber, G. T., and Ash, S. A. 1990. Evidence of widespread fungal attack on Upper Triassic trees in the southwestern USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 63: 189–195.
  • Cruickshank, A. R. I. 1986. Archosaur predation on an East African Middle Triassic dicynodont. Palaeontology, 29: 415–422.
  • Ekdale, A. A., Bromley, R. G., and Loope, D. B. 2007. Ichnofacies of an ancient erg: A climatically influenced trace fossil association in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, southern Utah, USA. In Miller, W. III (Ed.). Trace fossils: Concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 562–574.
  • Erickson, B. R. 1984. Chelonivorous habits of the Paleocene crocodile Leidyosuchus formidabilis. Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota, New Series, 5: 1–9.
  • Esperante, R., Muniz Guine, F., and Nick, K. E. 2009. Taphonomy of a Mysticeti whale in the lower Pliocene Huelva Sands Formation (southern Spain). Geologica Acta, 7: 489–505.
  • Everhart, M. J. 2004. Late Cretaceous interaction between predators and prey. Evidence of feeding by two species of shark on a mosasaur. PalArch Vertebrate Paleontology Series, 1: 1–7.
  • Falder, A. B., Rothwell, G. W., Mapes, G., Mapes, R. H., and Doguzhaeva, L. R. 1999. Pitystrobus milleri sp. nov., a pinnaceous cone from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of southwestern Russia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 103: 253–261.
  • Fernández-Jalvo, Y., Sánchez-Chillón, B., Andrews, P., Fernández-López, S., and Alcalá Martínez, L. 2002. Morphological taphonomic transformations of fossil bones in continental environments, and repercussions on their chemical composition. Archaeometry, 44: 353–361.
  • Fiorillo, A. R. 1984. An introduction to the identification of trample marks. Current Research, University of Maine, 1: 47–48.
  • Fiorillo, A. R. 1987. Trample marks: Caution from the Cretaceous. Current Research in the Pleistocene, 4: 73–75.
  • Fiorillo, A. R. 1988. Taphonomy of Hazard Homestead quarry (Ogallala Group), Hitchcock County, Nebraska. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming, 26: 57–97.
  • Fiorillo, A. R. 1989. An experimental study of trampling: Implications for the fossil record. In Bonnichsen, R. and Sorg, M. H. (eds.). Bone Modification. Center for the Study of the First Americans, University of Maine, Orono, 61–72.
  • Fiorillo, A. 1991. Taphonomy and depositional setting of Careless Creek quarry (Judith River Formation), Wheatland County, Montana, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 88: 157–166.
  • Fiorillo, A. R., Padian, K., and Musikasinthorn, C. 2000. Taphonomy and depositional setting of the Placerias quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona). Palaios, 15: 373–386.
  • Forrest, R. 2003. Evidence for scavenging by the marine crocodile Metriorhynchus on the carcass of a plesiosaur. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 144: 363–366.
  • Freeman, T. N. 1965. A lepidopterous leaf-mine from the Tertiary Period. Canadian Entomologist, 97: 1069–1070.
  • Fritsch, A. 1882. Fossile Arthropoden aus der Steinkohlen- und Kreideformation Böhmens. Beitrage zur Paläontologie und Geologie von Osterreich-Ungarn, 2: 1–7.
  • Genise, J. F. 1995. Upper Cretaceous trace fossil in permineralized plant remains from Patagonia, Argentina. Ichnos, 3: 287–299.
  • Genise, J. F., and Hazeldine, P. T. 1995. A new insect trace fossil in Jurassic wood from Patagonia, Argentina. Ichnos, 4: 1–5.
  • Genise, J. F., Mangano, M. G., Buatois, L. A., Laza, J. H., and Verde, M. 2000. Insect trace fossil associations in palaeosols: The Coprinisphaera ichnofacies. Palaios, 15: 49–64.
  • Genise, J. F., Melchor, R. N., Bellosi, E. S., and Verde, M. 2010. Invertebrate and vertebrate trace fossils from continental carbonates. In Alonzo-Zarza, A. M. and Tanner, L. H. (Eds.). Carbonates in Continental Settings: Facies, Environments and Processes. Elsevier Developments in Sedimentology, 61: 319–369.
  • Genise, J. F., Garrousete, R., Nel, P., Grandcolas, P., Maurizot, P., Cluzel, D., Cornette, R., Fabre, A., and Nel, A. 2012. Asthenopodichium in fossil wood: Different trace makers as indicators of terrestrial palaeoenvironments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 365-366: 184–191.
  • Gingras, M. K., MacEachern, J. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004. Modern perspectives on the Teredolites ichnofacies: Observations from Willapa Bay, Washington. Palaios, 19: 79–88.
  • Grimaldi, D., and Engel, M. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, 755 p.
  • Guo, S. 1991. A Miocene trace fossil of insect from Shanwang Formation in Linqu, Shandong. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 30: 739–742.
  • Haack, R., and Slansky, F. 1987. Nutritional ecology of wood-feeding Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. In Slansky, F. (Ed.). Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, Spiders, and Related Invertebrates. Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 449–486.
  • Hackett, C. J. 1981. Microscopical focal destruction (tunnels) in excavated human bones. Medicine, Science and the Law, 21: 243–265.
  • Hagen, H. A. 1882. Fossil insects of the Dakota Group. Nature, 25: 265–266.
  • Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part W Miscellanea Supplement 1 Trace Fossils and Problematica. Second Edition. The Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder and Lawrence, 269 p.
  • Hasiotis, S. T., Platt, B. F., Hembree, D. I., and Everhart, M. J. 2007. The trace-fossil record of vertebrates. In Miller, W. III (Ed.). Trace fossils: Concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 196–218.
  • Hedges, R. E. M., Millard, A. P., and Pike, A. W. G. 1995. Measurements and relationships of diagenetic alteration of bone from three archaeological sites. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22: 201–209.
  • Hering, E. M. 1951. Biology of the Leaf Miners. W. Junk, The Hague, 420 p.
  • Hickey, L. J., and Hodges, R. W. 1975. Lepidopteran leaf mine from the early Eocene Wind River Formation of northwestern Wyoming. Science, 189: 718–720.
  • Hollick, A. 1906. Insect borings in Cretaceous lignite from Kreischerville. Proceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, 1: 23–24.
  • Hughes, D. P., Wappler, T., and Labandeira, C. C. 2010. Ancient death-grip leaf scars reveal anti-fungal parasitism. Royal Society Biology Letters.
  • Hunt, A. P., and Lucas, S. G. 2007. Tetrapod ichnofacies: A new paradigm. Ichnos, 14: 59–68.
  • Hunt, A. P., Meyer, C. S., Lockley, M. G., and Lucas, S. G. 1994. Archaeology, toothmarks and sauropod dinosaur taphonomy. Gaia, 10: 225–231.
  • Jacobsen, A. R. 1998. Feeding behavior of carnivorous dinosaurs as determined by tooth marks on dinosaur bones. Historical Biology, 13: 17–26.
  • Jacobsen, A. R., and Bromley, R. G. 2009. New ichnotaxa based on tooth impressions on dinosaur and whale bones. Geological Quarterly, 53: 373–382.
  • Jacot, A. P. 1939. Reduction of spruce and fir litter by minute animals. Journal of Forestry, 37: 858–860.
  • Jans, M. M. E. 2008. Microbial bioerosion of bone: A review. In Wisshak, M. and Tapanila, L. (Eds.). Current Developments in Bioerosion. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 397–414.
  • Kaiser, T. M. 2000. Proposed fossil insect modification to fossil mammalian bone from Plio-Pleistocene hominid-bearing deposits of Laetoli (northern Tanzania). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93: 693–700.
  • Kelber, K.-P. 2007. Die Erhaltung und paläobiologische Bedeutung der fossilen Hölzer aus dem süddeutschen Keuper (Trias, Ladinium bis Rhätium). In Schüssler, H. and Simon, T. (Eds.). Aus Holz wird Stein-Kieselhölzer aus dem Keuper Frankens. Bergtreute-Aulendorf, Offsetdruck Eppe GmbH, 37–100.
  • Kelley, S. T., and Farrell, B. D. 1998. Is specialization a dead end? The phylogeny of host use in Dendroctonus bark beetles (Scolytidae). Evolution, 52: 1731–1743.
  • Kelly, S. R. A., and Bromley, R. G. 1984. Ichnological nomenclature of clavate borings. Palaeontology, 27: 793–807.
  • Kolbe, H. J. 1888. Zur Kenntniss von Insektenbohrgängen in fossilen Hölzern. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 40: 131–147.
  • Labandeira, C. C. 1998. Early history of arthropod and vascular plant associations. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 26: 329–377.
  • Labandeira, C. C. 2006. The four phases of plant-arthropod associations in deep time. Geologica Acta, 4: 409–438.
  • Labandeira, C. C. 2007. Assessing the fossil record of plant-insect associations: Ichnodata versus body-fossil data. SEPM Special Publication, 88: 9–26.
  • Labandeira, C. C., and Currano, E. D. 2013. The fossil record of plant-insect dynamics. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41: 287–311.
  • Labandeira, C. C., and Phillips, T. L. 1996. A Carboniferous insect gall: Insight into early ecological history of the Holometabola. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93: 8470–8474.
  • Labandeira, C. C., Johnson, K. R., and Lang, P. 2002. Preliminary assessment of insect herbivory across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Major extinction and minimum rebound. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 361: 297–327.
  • Labandeira, C. C., LePage, B. A., and Johnson, A. H. 2001. A Dendroctonus bark engraving (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from a middle Eocene Larix (Coniferales: Pinaceae): Early or delayed colonization? American Journal of Botany, 88: 2026–2039.
  • Labandeira, C. C., Phillips, T. L., and Norton, R. A. 1997. Oribatid mites and the decomposition of plant tissues in Paleozoic coal-swamp forests. Palaios, 12: 319–353.
  • Lam, B. V., Murray, R. H., Andres, B. W., Boyle-Mejia, O., and Curry Rogers, K. 2009. Patterns of microbial bioerosion in bones from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 41(7): 628.
  • Larew, H. 1986. The fossil gall record: A brief summary. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88: 385–388.
  • Larew, H. 1992. Fossil galls. In Shorthouse, J. D. and Rohfritsch, O. (Eds.). Biology of Insect-Induced Galls. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 50–59.
  • Lewis, C. 2011. Evidence of Dinosaur Herbivory in the Upper Cretaceous Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas. M.S. Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 144 p.
  • Leymerie, M. A. 1842. Suite de mémoire sur le terrain Crétacé du département de l'Aube. Memoir de la Société géologique de France, 5: 1–34.
  • Linck, O. 1949a. Lebens-Spuren aus dem Schilfsandstein (Mittl. Keuper, km 2), NW-Württembergs und ihre Bedeutung für die Bildunggeschichte der Stufe. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg, 97–101: 1–100.
  • Linck, O. 1949b. Fossil Bohrgänge (Anobichnium simile n. g. n. sp.) an einem Keuperholz. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 4–6: 180–185.
  • Lockley, M. G. 2007. A tale of two ichnologies: The different goals and missions of invertebrate and vertebrate ichnotaxonomy and how they relate in ichnofacies analysis. Ichnos, 14: 39–57.
  • Lucas, S. G., Minter, N. J., and Hunt, A. P. 2010. Re-evaluation of alleged bees' nests from the Upper Triassic of Arizona. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 286: 194–201.
  • MacEachern, J. A., Pemberton, S. G., Gingras, M. K., and Bann, K. L. 2007. The ichnofacies paradigm: A fifty-year perspective. In Miller, W. III (ed.). Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 52–77.
  • MacEachern, J. A., Bann, K. L., Gingras, M. K., Zonneveld, J., Dashtgard, S. E., and Pemberton, S. G. 2012. The ichnofacies paradigm. In Knaust, D. and Bromley, R. G. (eds.). Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments: Elsevier Developments in Sedimentology, 64: 103–138.
  • Marchiafova, V., Bonnuci, E., and Ascenzi, A. 1974. Fungal osteoclasia: A model of dead bone resorption. Calcified Tissue Research, 14: 195–210.
  • Martin, M. M. 1991. The evolution of cellulose digestion in insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 333: 281–288.
  • McIlroy, D. 2004. Some ichnological concepts, methodologies, applications and frontiers. In McIlroy, D. (ed.). The application of ichnology to paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis. Geological Society London Special Publication, 228: 3–27.
  • Meller, B., Ponomarenko, A. G., Vasilenko, D. V., Fischer, T. G., and Aschauer, B. 2011. First beetle elytra, abdomen (Coleoptera) and a mine trace from Lunz (Carnian, Late Triassic, Lunz-am-see, Austria) and their taphonomical and evolutionary aspects. Palaeontology, 54: 97–110.
  • Mikuláš, R. 2008. Xylic substrates at the fossilisation barrier: Oak trunks (Quercus sp.) in the Holocene sediments of the Labe River, Czech Republic. In Wisshak, M. and Tapanila, L. (eds.). Current Developments in Bioerosion. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 415–430.
  • Mikuláš, R. and Zasadil, B. 2008. The paleontological significance of hollows in Carboniferous to Permian fossil wood of the Central-Western Bohemian coal-bearing basins. Prague Geoscience Research Reports, 2008: 124–127. [In Czech].
  • Mikuláš, R., Dvořák, Z., and Pek, I. 1998. Lamniporichnus vulgaris igen. et isp. nov.: Traces of insect larvae in stone fruits of hackberry (Celtis) from the Miocene and Pleistocene of the Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 43: 277–280.
  • Mikuláš, R., Kadlecová, E., Fejfar, O., and Dvořák, Z. 2006. Three new ichnogenera of biting and gnawing traces on reptilian and mammalian bones: A case study from the Miocene of the Czech Republic. Ichnos, 13: 113–127.
  • Moran, K., Hilbert-Wolf, H. L., Golder, K., Malenda, H. F., Smith, C. J., Storm, L. D., Simpson, E. L., Wizevich, M. C., and Tindall, S. E. 2010. Attributes of the wood-boring trace fossil Asthenopdichnium in the Late Cretaceous Wahweap Formation, Utah, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 297: 662–669.
  • Myers, T., Voorhies, M. R., and Corner, R. G. 1980. Spiral fractures and bone pseudotools at paleontological sites. American Antiquity, 45: 483–489.
  • Needham, J. G., Frost, S. W., and Tothill, B. H. 1928. Leaf-mining insects. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, MD, USA, 351 p.
  • Njau, J. K., and Blumenschine, R. J. 2006. A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with fossil examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai basin, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 50: 142–162.
  • Nopsca, F. von. 1902. Ueber das Vorkommen der Dinosaurier von Szentpéterfalva. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 54: 34–39.
  • Olsen, S. L., and Shipman, P. 1988. Surface modification on bone: Trampling versus butchery. Journal of Archaeological Science, 15: 535–553.
  • Opler, P. A. 1973. Fossil lepidopterous leaf mines demonstrate the age of some insect-plant relationships. Science, 179: 1321–1323.
  • Opler, P. A. 1974. Oaks as evolutionary islands for leaf mining insects. American Scientist, 62: 67–73.
  • Peña, G. 1971. Evidencias de insectos en maderas petrificadas halladas en lugares adyacantes al Estrecho de Magallanes. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso, 4: 345–348.
  • Peyer, B. 1945. Über Algen und Pilze in tierischen Hartsubstanzen. Julius-Klaus Stiftung Archiv Erg Band, 20: 496–546.
  • Pieńkowski, G., and Niedźwiezki, G. 2009. Invertebrate trace fossil assemblages from the Lower Hettangian of Sottyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Volumina Jurassica, 6: 109–131.
  • Pires, E. F., and Sommer, M. G. 2009. Plant-arthropod interaction in the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of the Araripe basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 27: 50–59.
  • Pirrone, C. A., Buatois, L. A., and Bromley, R. G. 2014a. Ichnotaxobases for bioerosion trace fossils in bones. Journal of Paleontology, 88: 195–203.
  • Pirrone, C. A., Buatois, L. A., and González Riga, B. 2014b. A new ichnospecies of Cubiculum from Upper Cretaceous dinosaur bones in western Argentina. Ichnos, 21: 251–260.
  • Pujana, R. R., Massini, J. L. G., Brizuela, R. R., and Burrieza, H. P. 2009. Evidence of fungal activity in silicified gymnosperm wood from the Eocene of southern Patagonia (Argentina). Geobios, 42: 639–647.
  • Rajchel, J., and Uchman, A. 1998. Insect borings in Oligocene wood, Kliwa Sandstones, outer Carpathians, Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 68: 219–224.
  • Reisz, R. R., and Tsuji, L. A. 2006. An articulated skeleton of Varanops with bite marks: The oldest known evidence of scavenging among terrestrial vertebrates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26: 1021–1023.
  • Rinehart, L. F., Lucas, S. G., and Spielmann, J. A. 2006. Bite marks on tetrapod bones from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group representing a new genus. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 160–163.
  • Roberts, E. M., Togers, R. R., and Foreman, B. Z. 2007. Continental insect borings in dinosaur bone: Examples from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 81: 201–208.
  • Rogers, R. R. 1992. Non-marine borings in dinosaur bones from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, northwestern Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12: 528–531.
  • Rohr, D. M., Boucot, A. J., Miller, J., and Abbott, M. 1986a. Oldest termite nest from the Upper Cretaceous of West Texas. Geology, 14: 87–88.
  • Rohr, D. M., Boucot, A. J., Miller, J., and Abbott, M. 1986b. Oldest evidence of wood damage by termites from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. In Pase, P. (ed.). Geology of the Big Bend area and Solitario Dome, Texas. West Texas Geological Society Fieldtrip Guidebook Publication, 86–82: 139–140.
  • Roux, W. 1887. Über eine im Knochen lebende Gruppe von Fadenpilzen (Mycelites osifragus). Zeitschrift Wissenschaft Zoologie, 45: 227–254.
  • Rozefelds, A. C. 1988. Insect leaf mines from the Eocene Angelsea locality, Victoria, Australia. Alcheringa, 12: 51–57.
  • Rozefelds, A. C., and Sobbe, I. 1987. Problematic insect leaf mines from the Upper Triassic Ipswich Coal Measures of southeastern Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa, 11: 51–57.
  • Sarjeant, W. A. S. 1975. Plant trace fossils. In Frey, R. (ed.). The Study of Trace Fossils: A Synthesis of Principles, Problems, and Procedures in Ichnology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 163–179.
  • Savrda, C. E. 1991. Teredolites, wood substrates, and sea-level dynamics. Geology, 19: 905–908.
  • Savrda, C. E., Ozalas, K., Demko, T. H., Huchison, R. A., and Scheiwe, T. D. 1993. Log-grounds and the ichnofossil Teredolites in transgressive deposits of the Clayton Formation (Lower Paleocene), western Alabama. Palaios, 8: 311–324.
  • Schindewolf, O. H. 1962. Parasitäre Thallophyten in Ammoniten Schalen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, H. Schmidt-Festband, 206–215.
  • Schindewolf, O. H. 1963. Pilze in oberjurassischen Ammoniten-Schalen. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 118: 177–181.
  • Schlirf, M. 2006. Linkichnus terebrans new ichnogenus et ichnospecies, an insect boring from the Late Triassic of the Germanic basin, southern Germany. Ichnos, 13: 277–280.
  • Schmidt, W. J. 1954. Über Bau und Entwicklung der Zähne des Knochenfisches Anarrhichas lupus L. und ihre Befall mit “Mycelites ossifragus.” Zeitschrift Zellforschg u Mikroskop Anatomie, 40: 25–48.
  • Schmidt, W. J. 1955. Über Bau und Entwicklung der Zähne des Knochenfisches Anarrhichas lupus L. und ihre Befall mit “Mycelites ossifragus.” Natur und Volk, 85: 58–61.
  • Schwimmer, D. R. 2002. King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
  • Schwimmer, D. R., Stewart, J. D., and Williams, G. D. 1997. Scavenging by sharks of the genus Squalicorax in the late Cretaceous of North America. Palaios, 12: 71–83.
  • Scott, A. C. 1992. Trace fossils of plant-arthropod interactions. In Maples, C. G. and West, R. R. (eds.). Trace Fossils: Short Course in Paleontology. The Paleontological Society of America, Short Course, 5: 197–223.
  • Scott, A. C., and Patterson, S. 1984. Techniques for the study of plant/arthropod interactions in the fossil record. Géobios Mémoir Special, 8: 449–455.
  • Scott, A. C., and Taylor, T. N. 1985. Plant/animal interactions during the Upper Carboniferous. Botanical Review, 49: 259–307.
  • Scott, A. C., Anderson, J. M., and Anderson, H. M. 2004. Evidence of plant-insect interaction in the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 161: 401–410.
  • Scott, A. C., Chaloner, W. G., and Patterson, S. 1985. Evidence of pteridophyte-arthropod interaction in the fossil record. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 86B: 133–140.
  • Scott, A. C., Stephenson, J., and Chaloner, W. G. 1992. Interaction and coevolution of plants and arthropods during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London B, 335: 129–165.
  • Scott, A. C., Stephenson, J., and Collinson, M. E. 1994. The fossil record of leaves with galls. In Williams, M. A. J. (Ed.). Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 447–470.
  • Seilacher, A. 1967. Bathymetry of trace fossils. Marine Geology, 5: 413–428.
  • Sequeira, A. S., Noumark, B. B., and Farrell, B. D. 2000. Evolutionary assembly of the conifer fauna: Distinguishing ancient from recent associations in bark beetles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 267: 2359–2366.
  • Shipman, P., and Rose, J. J. 1984. Cutmark mimics on modern and fossil bovid bones. Current Anthropology, 25: 116–117.
  • Shubin, N. H., Daeschler, E. B., and Coates, M. I. 2004. The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science, 304: 90–93.
  • Skalski, A. W. 1979. Records of oldest Lepidoptera. Nota Lepidopterologica, 2: 61–66.
  • Southwood, T. R. E. 1985. Interaction of plants and animals: Patterns and processes. Oikos, 44: 5–11.
  • Strong, D. R., Lawton, J. H., and Southwood, R. 1984. Insects on Plants. Blackwell, Oxford, 313 p.
  • Stubblefield, J. P., and Taylor, T. N. 1986. Wood decay in silicified gymnosperms from Antarctica. Botanical Gazette, 147: 116–125.
  • Tanke, D. H., and Currie, P. J. 1998. Head-biting behavior in theropod dinosaurs: Paleopathological evidence. Gaia, 15: 167–184.
  • Tanke, D. H., and Rothschild, B. M. 2002. Dinosores: An annotated bibliography of dinosaur paleopathology and related topics, 1838–2001. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 20: 1–96.
  • Tanner, L. H., and Lucas, S. G. 2013. Degraded wood in the Upper Triassic Petrified Forest Formation (Chinle Group), northern Arizona: Differentiating fungal rot from arthropod boring. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 61: 582–588.
  • Tapanila, L., and Roberts, E. M. 2012. The earliest evidence of holometabolan insect pupation in conifer wood. PLoS ONE, 7(s): e31668.
  • Taylor, T. N., Krings, M., and Taylor, E. L. 2015. Fossil Fungi. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Thenius, E. 1979. Lebensspuren von Ephemeropteren-Larven aus dem Jung-Tertiär des Wiener Beckens. Annales Naturhistoriche Museum Wien, 87: 177–188.
  • Trueman, C. N., and Martill, D. M. 2002. The long-term survival of bone: The role of bioerosion. Archaeometry, 44: 371–382.
  • Turner, R. D. 1973. Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in the deep sea. Science, 180: 1377–1379.
  • Uchman, A., Gaigalas, A., Melešytè, M., and Kazakayskas, V. 2007. The trace fossil Astheropodichnium lithuanicum isp. nov., from the late Neogene brown-coal deposits, Lithuania. Geological Quarterly, 51: 329–336.
  • Vahldiek, B., and Schweigert, G. 2007. Ältester Nachweis Holz bohrender Muscheln. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 244: 261–271.
  • Vyalov, O. S. 1975. Iskopayemye sledy pitaniya nasekomykh [Fossil traces of insect nourishment]. Paleontologichesky Sbornik, 12: 147–155.
  • Walker, M. V. 1938. Evidence of Triassic insects in the Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, 85: 137–141.
  • Webb, G. J. W., and Manolis, S. C. 1983. Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area N. T. V.: Abnormalities and injuries. Australian Wildlife Research, 10: 407–420.
  • Wedl, C. 1864. Ueber einen im Zahnbein und Knochen keimenden Pilz. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Sitzungsberichte Naturwissenschaftliche Mineralogie, Biologie, Erdkunde, 50: 171–193.
  • Weigelt, J. 1927. Recent Vertebrate Carcasses and Their Paleobiological Implications. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
  • Westaway, C., Thompson, J. C., Wood, W. B., and Njau, J. 2011. Crocodile ecology and the taphonomy of early Australasian sites. Environmental Archaeology, 16: 124–136.
  • Wheeler, E. A., Lehman, T. M., and Gasson, P. E. 1994. Javelinoxylon, an Upper Cretaceous dicotyledonous tree from Big Bend National Park, Texas, with presumed malvalean affinities. American Journal of Botany, 81: 703–710.
  • Whittlake, E. B. 1981. Fossil plant galls. In Kaiser, H. E. (ed.). Neoplasms: Comparative Pathology of Growth in Animals, Plants, and Man. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 729–731.
  • Wignall, P. B., and Simms, M. J. 1990. Pseudoplankton. Palaeontology, 33: 359–378.
  • Wolff, T. 1979. Macrofaunal utilization of plant remains in the deep sea. Science, 64: 117–136.
  • Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 900 p.
  • Wooton, S. A. 1981. Paleozoic insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 26: 319–344.
  • Wooton, R. J. 1988. The historical ecology of aquatic insects: An overview. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 62: 477–492.
  • Zammit, M., and Kear, B. J. 2011. Healed bite marks on a Cretaceous ichthyosaur. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56: 859–863.
  • Zasadil, B., and Mikuláš, R. 2004. A probable fossil bird nest, ?Eocavum isp., from the Miocene wood of the Czech Republic. In Abstract Book 4th International Bioerosion Workshop. Prague. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 49–51.
  • Zherikhin, V. V. 2003. Insect trace fossils, their diversity, classification and scientific importance. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46: 59–66.
  • Zhou, Z., and Zhang, B. 1989. A sideritic Protcupressinoxylon with insect borings and frass from the Middle Jurassic, Henan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 59: 133–143.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.