Extremes of Pit Infestation and Growth Deformity in a Crinoid Column, Permian of Timor

References

• Ausich, W. I. 1986. Palaeoecology and history of the Calceocrinidae (Palaeozoic Crinoidea). Palaeontology 29:85–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowski, B., and C. Klug. 2012. Lucky rugose corals on crinoid stems: Unusual examples of subepidermal epizoans from the Devonian of Morocco. Lethaia 45:24–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertling, M., S. J. Braddy, R. G. Bromley, G. R. Demathieu, J. Genise, R. Mikuláš, J. K. Nielsen, K. S. S. Nielsen, A. K. Rindsberg, M. Schlirf, and A. Uchman. 2006. Names for trace fossils: A uniform approach. Lethaia 39:265–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brett, C. E. 1985. Tremichnus: A new ichnogenus of circular-parabolic pits in fossil echinoderms. Journal of Paleontology 59:625–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley, R. G. 1981. Concepts in ichnotaxonomy illustrated by small round holes in shells. Acta Geológica Hispánica 16:55–64.
   Google Scholar
• Brower, J. C. 1985. Ontogeny and functional morphology of two Ordovician calceocrinids. In Echinodermata: Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, (eds.) B. F. Keegan and B. D. S. O'Connor, 13–8. 24–29 September, 1984. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
   Google Scholar
• Charlton, T. R., A. J. Barber, R. A. Harris, S. T. Barkham, P. R. Bird, N. W. Archbold, N. J. Morris, R. S. Nicoll, H. G. Owen, R. M. Owens, J. E. Sorauf, P. D. Taylor, G. D. Webster, and J. E. Whittaker. 2002. The Permian of Timor: Stratigraphy, palaeontology and palaeogeography. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20:719–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. 1986. Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles. Part 1. London: Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society, 138 (568):1–68.
   Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. 1991. Site selectivity of a lower Carboniferous boring organism infesting a crinoid. Geological Journal 26:1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. 2015. A prejudiced review of ancient parasites and their host echinoderms: CSI fossil record or just an excuse for speculation? Advances in Parasitology 90:291–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. 2016. Problematic aspects of the form and function of the stem in Palaeozoic crinoids. Earth-Science Reviews 154:174–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. and D. N. Lewis. 2010. Aspects of crinoid palaeontology, Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Wenlock Edge, Shropshire (Silurian). Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 58:9–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K. and R. K. Pickerill. (2017). The invalidity of the trace fossil Tremichnus Brett. Geological Journal 52:828–831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K., and A. Tenny. 2015. A peculiar bored crinoid from Salthill Quarry, Clitheroe, Lancashire (Mississippian; Tournaisian), UK. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 60:289–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, S. K., and G. D. Webster. 2016. A Permian Barycrinus? Wachsmuth (Crinoidea, Cladida) from Timor. Alcheringa 40:216–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, R. G. S., M. J. Clarke, and G. D. Sevastopulo. 1966. The palaeoecology of a Lower Visean crinoid fauna from Feltrim, Co. Dublin. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (Series A) 2:273–86.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, R. C., and R. M. Jeffords. 1968. Classification and nomenclature of fossil crinoids based on studies of dissociated parts of their columns. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 9:1–86.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, R. C., with additions by G. Ubaghs, H. W. Rasmussen, A. Breimer, and N. G. Lane. 1978. Glossary of crinoid morphological terms. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(1), eds. R. C. Moore and C. Teichert. T229, T231, T233—T242. Boulder, Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas.
   Google Scholar
• Oyens, F. A. H. W. 1933. On Paralegoceras Sundaicums Haniel and related forms. Proceedings, Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen 36:88–98.
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill, R. K. 1994. Nomenclature and taxonomy of invertebrate trace fossils. In The palaeobiology of trace fossils, (ed.). S. K. Donovan, 3–42. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill, R. K., and S. K. Donovan. 1998. Ichnology of the Pliocene Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 35:161–75.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. D., and M. A. Wilson. 2002. A new terminology for marine organisms inhabiting hard substrates. Palaios 17:522–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(1). eds. R. C. Moore and C. Teichert. T58—T216. Boulder and Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas.
   Google Scholar
• Wanner, J. 1916. Die permischen Echinodermen von Timor, I. Teil. Paläontologie von Timor 11:1–329.
   Google Scholar
• Wanner, J. 1924. Die permischen Krinoiden von Timor. Jaarboek van het mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, verhandelingen 1921 3:1–348.
   Google Scholar
• Wanner, J. 1937. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor, VIII–XIII. Palaeontographica (Suppl. 4), IV Abteilungen, Abschnitt 1:1–212.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, G. D. 1974. Crinoid pluricolumnal noditaxis patterns. Journal of Paleontology 48:1283–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisshak, M., A. Kroh, M. Bertling, D. Knaust, J. K. Nielsen, J. W. M. Jagt, C. Neumann, and K. S. S. Nielsen. 2015. In defence of an iconic ichnogenus–Oichnus Bromley, 1981. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:445–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar