Publication Cover
Ichnos
An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces
Volume 6, 1998 - Issue 1-2: Ichnofossils: Linkages to Life Habitats and Environments
106
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Large Phymatoderma in pliocene slope deposits, northwestern Ecuador: Associated ichnofauna, fabrication, and behavioral ecology

&
Pages 23-45 | Published online: 17 Dec 2008

References

  • Ballance , P.F. , Gregory , M. R. , Gibson , G. W. , Chaproniere , G. C. H. , Kader , A. P. and Sameshima , T. 1984 . A late Miocene and early Pliocene upper slope‐to‐shelf sequence of calcareous fine sediment from the Pacific margin of New Zealand. In Stow D.A.V. Piper D. J. W. Fine‐Grained Sediments: Deep‐Water Processes and Fades . Geological Society of London Special Publication , 15 : 331 – 342 .
  • Bianucci , G. , Cantalamessa , G. , Landini , W. , Ragaini , L. and Valleri , G. 1993 . Fossil assemblages from the Pliocene of Onzole Formation (Esmeraldas, NW Ecuador) and their implications in the Panamic bioprovince evolution . Documents des Laboratories Géologie de la Faculté de Sciences de Lyon , 125 : 43 – 58 .
  • Bouma , A. H. , Smith , L. B. , Sidner , B. R. and McKee , T. R. 1978 . “ Intraslope basin in the northwest Gulf of Mexico ” . In Framework, Fades, and Oil‐Trapping Characteristics of the Upper Continental Margin , American Assodation of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology Edited by: Bouma , A. H. , Moore , G. T. and Coleman , J. M. Vol. 7 , 289 – 302 .
  • Bradshaw , M. A. 1981 . Palaeoenvironmental interpretations and systematics of Devonian trace fossils from the Taylor Group (lower Beacon Supergroup), Antarctica . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 24 : 615 – 652 .
  • Brenner , K. and Seilacher , A. 1978 . New aspects about the origin of the Toardan Posidonia Shales . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen , 157 : 11 – 18 .
  • Bristow , C. R. 1976 . The Daule Group, Ecuador (middle Miocene‐Pliocene) . Newsletters on Stratigraphy , 5 : 190 – 200 .
  • Bromley , R. G. 1990 . Trace Fossils: Biology and Taphonomy , 280 London : Unwin Hyman .
  • Bromley , R. G. 1991 . Zoophycos: strip mine, refuse dump, cache or sewage farm? . Lethaia , 24 : 460 – 462 .
  • Brongniart , A. 1823 . Observations sur les fucoides et sur quelques autres plantes marines fossiles . Sodété d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Mémoires , 1 : 301 – 321 .
  • Carney , R. S. , Haedrich , R. L. and Rowe , G. T. 1983 . “ Zonation of fauna in the deep seas ” . In Deep‐Sea Biology. The Sea , Edited by: Rowe , G.T. Volume 8 , 371 – 398 . New York : John Wiley .
  • Chamberlain , C. K. 1977 . Ordovidan and Devonian trace fossils from Nevada . Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bulletin , 90 : 4 – 24 .
  • Dawkins , R. 1983 . The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene , 307 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Dickinson , W. R. 1995 . “ Forearc Basins ” . In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins , Edited by: Busby , C.J. and Ingersoll , R. V. 221 – 261 . Cambridge, Massachusetts : Blackwell .
  • Doyle , L. J. and Pilkey , O. H. 1979 . Geology of Continental Slopes . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 27 : 374
  • Ekdale , A. A. 1985 . Paleoecology of the marine endobenthos . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 50 : 63 – 81 .
  • Ekdale , A. A. 1992 . “ Mudraking and mudslinging: the joys of deposit‐feeding ” . In Trace Fossils , Paleontological Society, Short Courses in Paleontology Edited by: Maples , C.G. and West , R. R. Vol. 5 , 145 – 171 .
  • Ekdale , A. A. and Lewis , D. W. 1991 . The New Zealand Zoophycos revisited: morphology, ethology, and paleoecology. . Ichnos , 1 : 183 – 194 .
  • Ekdale , A. A. , Bromley , R. G. and Pemberton , S. G. 1984 . Ichnology: trace fossils in sedimentology and stratigraphy . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course , 15 : 317
  • Evans , C. R. and Cevallos , L. 1980 . Mapa geologica del Ecuador: Esmeraldas y Punta Galera , Direcdón General de Geologia y Minas, Quito . 1 sheet
  • Evans , C. D. R. and Whittaker , J. E. 1982 . “ The geology of the western part of the Borbon Basin, north‐west Ecuador ” . In Trench‐Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and Tectonics on Modern and Ancient Active Plate Margins , Edited by: Leggett , J.K. Vol. 10 , 191 – 198 . Geological Society of London . Special Paper
  • Fischer‐Ooster , C. von. 1858 . Die fossilen Fucoiden der Schweizer Alpen, nebst Erörterung über deren geologisches Alter , 74 Bern : Huber und Companie .
  • Fisher , R. V. and Schmincke , H.‐U. 1984 . Pyrodastic Rocks , 472 Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Fu , S. 1991 . Funktion, Verhalten und fucoider und lophocte‐niider Lebensspuren . Courier Forschungsinstitut Sencken‐berg , 135 : 1 – 79 .
  • Fu , S. and Werner , F. 1995 . Is Zoophycos a feeding trace? . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen , 195 : 37 – 47 .
  • Gage , J. D. and Tyler , P. A. 1991 . Deep‐Sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep‐Sea Floor , 504 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gaillard , C. and Olivero , D. 1993 . Interprétation paléoécologique nouvelle de Zoophycos Massalongo, 1855 . Comptes Rendus des Académie des Sciences de Paris , 316 : 823 – 830 .
  • Gregory , M. R. 1991 . New trace fossils from the Miocene of Northland, New Zealand: Rorschachichnus amoeba and Piscichnus waitemata . Ichnos , 1 : 195 – 205 .
  • Grassle , J. F. 1994 . “ Ecological patterns in the deep‐sea benthos: how are they related to reproduction, larval biology, and recruitment? ” . In Reproduction, Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep‐Sea Benthos , Edited by: Young , C.M. and Eck‐elbarger , K. J. 306 – 314 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Gross , M. R. 1994 . The evolution of behavioral ecology . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 9 : 358 – 360 .
  • Hayes , D. E. 1974 . “ Continental margin of western South America ” . In The Geology of Continental Margins , Edited by: Burk , C.A. and Drake , C. L. 581 – 590 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Haedrich , R. L. , Rowe , G. T. and Polloni , P. T. 1975 . Zonation and faunal composition of epibenthic populations on the continental slope south of New England . Journal of Marine Research , 33 : 191 – 212 .
  • Hansell , M. H. 1984 . Animal Architecture and Building Behaviour , 324 London : Longman .
  • Hasson , P. F. and Fischer , A. G. 1986 . Observations on the Neogene of northwestern Ecuador . Micropaleontology , 32 : 32 – 42 .
  • Heinberg , C. 1974 . A dynamic model for a meniscus filled tunnel (Ancorichnus n. ichnogen.) from the Jurassic Pecten Sandstone of Mime Land, east Greenland. . Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersegelse , 62 : 1 – 20 .
  • Jones , C. G. , Lawton , J. H. and Shachak , M. 1994 . Organisms as ecosystem engineers . Oikos , 69 : 373 – 386 .
  • Jumars , P. A. , Mayer , L. M. , Deming , J. W. , Baross , J. A. and Wheatcroft , R. A. 1990 . Deep‐sea deposit‐feeding strategies suggested by environmental and feeding constraints . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A , 331 : 85 – 101 .
  • Klein , G. D. , Okada , H. and Mitsui , K. 1979 . Slope sediments in small basins associated with a Neogene active margin, western Hokkaido Island, Japan. In Doyle L.J. Pilkey O. H. Geology of Continental Slopes . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 27 : 359 – 374 .
  • Kotake , N. 1989 . Paleoecology of the Zoophycos producers. . Lethaia , 22 : 327 – 341 .
  • Kotake , N. 1991 . Non‐selective surface deposit feeding by the Zoophycos producers. . Lethaia , 24 : 379 – 385 .
  • Kotake , N. 1993 . Tiering of trace fossil assemblages in PlioPleistocene bathyal deposits of Boso Peninsula, Japan . Palaios , 8 : 544 – 553 .
  • Kotake , N. 1994 . Population paleoecology of the Zoophycos‐producing animal. . Palaios , 9 : 84 – 91 .
  • Ledbetter , M. T. and Sparks , R. S. J. 1979 . Duration of largemagnitude explosive eruptions deduced from graded bedding in deep‐sea ash layers . Geology , 7 : 240 – 244 .
  • Lonsdale , P. 1978 . Ecuadorian subduction system . American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , 62 : 2454 – 2477 .
  • Lundgren , S. A. B. 1891 . Studier öfver fossilförande lösa block . Geologiska Föreningens Stockhohn, Förhandlingar , 13 : 111 – 121 .
  • Miller , W. III . 1996 . Behavioral ecology of morphologically complex marine ichnogenera . Paleontological Society Special Publication , 8 : 276
  • Miller , W. III and Vokes , E. H. Deepsea trace fossils from the Pliocene of northwestern Ecuador: zonation, disturbance diversity and habitat structure on the upper trench slope . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Congress on Sedimentary Geology, Program and Abstracts . Vol. 1 , pp. 91
  • Miller , W. III and Vokes , E. H. 1995b . Large Phymatoderma from Pliocene slope deposits of Ecuador: ichnologic context, fabrication, and behavioral ecology . Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs , 27 (6) : A166
  • Mutti , E. and Ricci Lucchi , F. 1978 . Turbidites of the northern Apennines: introduction to fades analysis . International Geology Review , 20 : 125 – 166 .
  • Olsson , A. A. 1964 . Neogene Mollusks from Northwestern Ecuador , 256 Ithaca, New York : Paleontological Research Institution .
  • Pemberton , S. G. , ed. Applications of ichnology to petroleum exploration . Sodety of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Core Workshop . Vol. 17 , pp. 429
  • Pickerill , R. K. , Fillion , D. and Harland , T. J. 1984 . Middle Ordovician trace fossils in carbonates of the Trenton Group between Montreal and Quebec City, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada . Journal of Paleontology , 58 : 416 – 439 .
  • Pickering , K. T. , Hiscott , R. N. and Hein , F. J. 1989 . Deep Marine Environments: Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics , 416 London : Unwin Hyman .
  • Rex , M. A. 1977 . “ Zonation in deep‐sea gastropods: the importance of biological interactions to rates of zonation ” . In Biology of Benthic Organisms , Edited by: Keegan , B.G. , Ceidigh , P. O. and Boaden , P. J. S. 521 – 530 . Oxford : Pergamon .
  • Rowe , G. T. and Haedrich , R. L. 1979 . The biota and biological processes of the continental slope. In Doyle L.J. Pilkey O. H. Geology of Continental Slopes . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 27 : 49 – 59 .
  • Rowe , G. T. and Menzies , R. J. 1969 . Zonation of large benthic invertebrates in the deep‐sea off the Carolinas . Deep‐Sea Research , 16 : 531 – 537 .
  • Rowe , G. T. , Polloni , P. T. and Haedrich , R. L. 1982 . The deep‐sea macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic Ocean . Deep‐Sea Research , 29 : 257 – 278 .
  • Savrda , C. E. 1992 . “ Trace fossils and benthic oxygénation ” . In Trace Fossils , Paleontological Society, Short Courses in Paleontology Edited by: Maples , C.G. and West , R. R. Vol. 5 , 172 – 196 .
  • Savrda , C. E. and Bottjer , D. J. 1989 . Anatomy and implications of bioturbated beds in “black shale”; sequences: Examples from the Jurassic Posidonienschiefer (southern Germany) . Palaios , 4 : 330 – 342 .
  • Savrda , C. E. , Bottjer , D. J. and Seilacher , A. 1991 . “ Redox‐related benthic events ” . In Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy , Edited by: Einsele , G. , Ricken , W. and Seilacher , A. 524 – 541 . Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Schlotheim , E. F. von. 1822 . Nachträge zur Petrefacten‐kunde , Gotha : Becker .
  • Seilacher , A. 1953 . Studien zur Palichnologie. I. Über die Methoden der Palichnologie . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen , 96 : 421 – 452 .
  • Seilacher , A. 1954 . Die geologische Bedeutung fossiler Lebensspuren . Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologichen Gesellschaft , 105 : 214 – 227 .
  • Seilacher , A. 1955 . “ Spuren und Fazier im Unterkambrium ” . In Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kambriums in der Salt Range (Pakistan) , Akademie der Wissenchaften und der Literatur zu Mainz, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch‐Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse Edited by: Schindewolf , O.H. and Seilacher , A. Vol. 10 , 373 – 399 .
  • Seilacher , A. 1958 . Zur ökologischen Charakteristik von Flysch und Molasse . Eclogae Geolgicae Helvetiae , 51 : 1062 – 1078 .
  • Sellwood , B. W. 1970 . The relation of trace fossils to small scale sedimentary cycles in the British Lias, Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J. C. Trace Fossils. . Journal of the Geological Society of London , 3 ( Special Issue ) : 489 – 504 .
  • Simpson , S. 1956 . On the trace fossil Chondrites . Journal of the Geological Society of London , 112 : 475 – 499 .
  • Smith , C. R. 1994 . Tempo and mode in deep‐sea benthic ecology: Punctuated equilibrium revisited . Palaios , 9 : 3 – 13 .
  • Stow , D. A. V. 1986 . “ Deep clastic seas ” . In Sedimentary Environments and Fades , (2nd Ed.) , Edited by: Reading , H.G. 399 – 144 . Oxford : Black‐well .
  • Underwood , M. B. and Moore , G. F. 1995 . “ Trenches and trench‐slope basins ” . In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins , Edited by: Busby , C.J. and Ingersoll , R. V. 179 – 219 . Cambridge, Massachusetts : Blackwell .
  • Vokes , E. H. 1988 . Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Esmeraldas beds, northwestern Ecuador . Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology , 21 : 1 – 50 .
  • Wetzel , A. 1984 . “ Bioturbation in deep‐sea fine‐grained sediments: Influence of sediment texture, turbidite frequency and rates of environmental change ” . In Fine‐grained sediments: deep water processes and fades , Spedal Publication Edited by: Stow , D.A.V. and Piper , D. J. W. Vol. 15 , 595 – 608 . Geological Sodety of London .
  • Wetzel , A. 1991 . Ecologic interpretation of deep‐sea trace fossil communities . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 85 : 47 – 69 .
  • Whittaker , J. E. 1988 . Benthic Cenozoic Foraminifera from Ecuador , 194 London : British Museum (Natural History) .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.