Silicon and growth regulator induced defence against maize fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

References

• Mathur, L. M. L. Genetics of Insect Resistance in Maize. Maize Genet. Perspect. 1991, 238–259.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. The Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control: Action framework 2020-2022. Working together to tame the global threat. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, R. A.; Omoto, C.; Field, L. M.; Williamson, M. S.; Bass, C. Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Resistance in the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal.pone. PLoS One. 2013, 8, e62268. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento, A. M.; Assis, F. A.; Moraes, J. C.; Souza, B. H. S. Silicon Application Promotes Rice Growth and Negatively Affects Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). J. Appl. Entomol. 2018, 142, 241–249. DOI: 10.1111/jen.12461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, O. L.; Padula, M. P.; Zeng, R.; Gurr, G. M. Silicon: Potential to Promote Direct and Indirect Effects on Plant Defense against Arthropod Pests in Agriculture. Front. Plant. Sci. 2016, 7, 744. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos, M. C.; Junqueira, M. R.; de Sá, V. M.; Zanúncio, J. C.; Serrão, J.; E. Effect of Silicon on the Morphology of the Midgut and Mandible of Tomato Leafminer, Tuta Absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Larvae. Invertebr. Surviv. J. 2015, 12, 158–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indhumathi, V. S.; Chandramani, P.; Mahendran, P. P.; M.; Jayaraj, J. Different Silicon Application Sources and Factors Influencing Mandibular Wear in Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer, Chilo Infuscatellus (Walker). Silicon. Silicon 2023, 1–11. DOI: 10.1007/s12633-023-02307-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulzar, N.; Ali, S.; Shah, M. A.; Kamili, A. N. Silicon Supplementation Improves Early Blight Resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. by Modulating the Expression of Defense-Related Genes and Antioxidant Enzymes. Biotech 2021, 1–13. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02789-6.
   Google Scholar
• Indhumathi, V. S. Silica as a Plant Defence against Key Pests of Sugarcane,. Saccharum Officinarum L.) Ph.D., (Ag.) Thesis, TNAU, Madurai, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Haq, I. U.; Zhang, K.; Ali, S.; Majid, M.; Ashraf, H. J.; Khurshid, A.; Liu, C. Effectiveness of Silicon on Immature Stages of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. (J.E. Smith). J. King Saud Univ. Sci 2022, 34, 102–152. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102152.
   Google Scholar
• Jeer, M.; Yele, Y.; Sharma, K. C.; Prakash, N. B.; Ashish, M. Silicon Supplementation along with Potassium Activate Defense Reaction in Wheat Plants and Reduce the Impact of Pink Stem Borer Incidence. Silicon 2022, 14, 11007–11014. DOI: 10.1007/s12633-022-01833-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaratna, W., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Dhananjaya, B. C., Prakash, N. B., Sharanabasappa, Effect of Silicon and Plant Growth Regulators on the Biology and Fitness of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a Recently Invaded Pest of Maize in India. Silicon, 2022, 14(3), 783–793. DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00901-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdomo, D. N.; Rodrigues, A. A. R.; Sampaio, M. V.; Celotto, F. J.; Mendes, S. M.; Pereira, H. S.; Lima, D. T. d.; Rezende, G. F. Increase in Foliar Silicon Content Reduces Defoliation by Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize. Bragantia 2022, 81, 1–14. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganapathy, M.; Chandramani, P.; Jayaraj, J.; Revathy, N.; Balasubramaniam, P. Induction of Resistance through Silicon and Other Eco-Friendly Approaches for the Management of Major Pests of Green Gram,. M.Sc., ( Ag,. Thesis, 2022. ) TNAU, Madurai.
   Google Scholar
• Nuambote-Yobila, O.; Musyoka, B.; Njuguna, E.; Bruce, A. Y.; Khamis, F.; Subramanian, S.; Marion-Poll, F.; Calatayud, P.-A. Influence of Si in Maize Plants in Kenyan Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Phytoparasitica 2022, 50, 1025–1032. DOI: 10.1007/s12600-022-01018-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, T.; Moore, B. D.; Johnson, S. N. Silicon Fertilisation Affects Morphological and Immune Defences of an Insect Pest and Enhances Plant Compensatory Growth. J Pest Sci 2022 96, 41–53. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01478-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z.; Zhu, W.; Chen, F.; Yue, L.; Ding, Y.; Xu, H.; Rasmann, S.; Xiao, Z. Nanosilicon Enhances Maize Resistance against Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna Separata by Activating the Biosynthesis of Chemical Defenses. Sci Total Environ 2021, 778, 146378. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Tombeur, F.; Cooke, J.; Collard, L.; Cisse, D.; Saba, F.; Lefebvre, D.; Burgeon, V.; Nacro, H. B.; Cornelis, J.-T. Biochar Affects Silicification Patterns and Physical Traits of Rice Leaves Cultivated in a Desilicated Soil (Ferric Lixisol). Plant Soil 2021, 460, 375–390. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04816-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alyousuf, A.; Hamid, D.; Desher, M. A.; Nikpay, A.; Laane, H. M. Effect of Silicic Acid Formulation (Silicon 0.8%) on Two Major Insect Pests of Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions. Silicon 2022, 14, 3019–3025. DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01091-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, P.; Nascimento, A. M.; de Souza, B. H. S.; Peñaflor, M. F. G. V. Silicon Supplementation of Maize Impacts Fall Armyworm Colonization and Increases Predator Attraction. Neotrop Entomol 2021, 2021, 50, 654–661. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FDTX2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroy, N.; Hanciaux, N.; Cornélis, J. T.; Verheggen, F. Silicon Accumulation in Maize Negatively Impacts the Feeding and Life History Traits of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Entomol. Gen 2021, 42, 413–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikpay, A.; Laane, H. M. Foliar Amendment of Silicic Acid on Population of Yellow Mite, Oligonychus Sacchari (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Its Predatory Beetle, Stethorus Gilvifrons (Col.: Coccinellidae) on Two Sugarcane Commercial Varieties. P.J. A 2020, 9, 57–66. DOI: 10.22073/pja.v9i1.55513.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. R.; Dagg, V.; Waterman, J. M.; Johnson, S. N. Silicon Alters Leaf Surface Morphology and Suppresses Insect Herbivory in a Model Grass Species. Plants 2020, 9, 643. DOI: 10.3390/plants9050643.
   Google Scholar
• Moise, E. R.; McNeil, J. N.; Hartley, S. E.; Henry, H. A. Plant Silicon Effects on Insect Feeding Dynamics Are Influenced by Plant Nitrogen Availability. Entomol Exp Appl 2019, 167, 91–97. DOI: 10.1111/eea.12750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeer, M.; Telugu, U. M.; Voleti, S. R.; Padmakumari, A. P. Soil Application of Silicon Reduces Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker) Damage in Rice. J. Appl. Entomol 2017, 141, 189–201. DOI: 10.1111/jen.12324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarenga, R.; Moraes, J. C.; Auad, A. M.; Coelho, M.; Nascimento, A. M. Induction of Resistance of Corn Plants to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Application of Silicon and Gibberellic Acid. Bull Entomol Res 2017, 107, 527–533. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485316001176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melo, B. A.; Moraes, J. C.; Carvalho, L. M. Resistance Induction in Chrysanthemum Due to Silicon Application in the Management of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Rev. Bras. Cienc. Ambient 2015, 13, 108–112. DOI: Dj20220168955.
   Google Scholar
• Arivuselvi, A. Silicon Induced Resistance against Major Insect Pests of Rice,. M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, 2014. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai.
   Google Scholar
• Swedhapriya, P. Physiological and Cytological Mechanisms of Silica Induced Resistance against Major Insect Pests of Rice,. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, 2015. TNAU, Madurai.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, R.; Rup, P. J. Evaluation of Regulatory Influence of Four Plant Growth Regulators on the Reproductive Potential and Longevity of Melon Fruit Fly (Bactrocera Cucurbitae). Phytoparasitica 2002, 30, 224–230. DOI: 10.1007/BF03039991.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parolin, F. J. T. Aspectos biológicos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho sob efeito de silício, ácido giberélico GA3 e herbivoria prévia. Dissertação, Mestrado em Entomologia, Universidade, Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2012,46.
   Google Scholar
• Tukey, J. W. Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, 1977; Vol. 2.
   Google Scholar