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- Use of thiol groups to link organic fragments to gold surfaces is well established. See, e.g., DuBois L. H. Nuzzo R. G. , A. Rev. Phys. Chem. , 43 , 437 ( 1992 ) and C.S. Weisbecker, M. V. Merritt, and G. M. Whitesides, Langmuir, 12, 3763 (1996). For attachment of nucleotides through a terminal sulfur atom to gold, see R. C. Mucic, M. K. Herrlein, C. A. Mirkin, and R. L. Letsinger, Chem. Commun., 555 (1996). For a report of an alternate means for attaching an oligonucleotide to a nanoparticle see A. P. Alivisatos, K. P. Johnsson, X. Peng, T. E. Wilson, C. J. Loweth, M. P. Bruchez Jr, and P. G. Schultz, Nature, 382, 609 (1996) .
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