195
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPECIAL ISSUE

Nanoindentation Measurements of the Mechanical Properties of Ni Thin Films: Effects of Film Microstructure and Substrate Modulus

, , , , &
Pages 195-205 | Received 18 Jun 2004, Accepted 22 Jun 2004, Published online: 14 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • Smith , G.B. Theory of angular selective transmittance in oblique columnar thin films containing metal and voids . Appl. Optics 1990 , 29 ( 25 ), 3685 – 3693 .
  • Mbise , G. ; Smith , G.B. ; Niklasson , G.A. ; Granqvist , C.G. Angular-selective optical properties of cr films made by oblique-angle evaporation . Appl. Phys. Lett. 1989 , 54 , ( 11 ), 987 – 989 .
  • Mbise , G. ; Bellac , D.L. ; Nikalsson , G.A. ; Granqvist , C.G. Angular selective window coatings: theory and experiments . J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1997 , 30 , 2103 – 2122 .
  • Leamy , H.J. ; Dirks , A.G. Microstructure and magnetism in amorphous rare-earth–transition-metal thin films . I. Microstructure. J. Appl. Phys. 1978 , 49 ( 6 ), 3430 – 3438 .
  • Okamoto , K. ; Hashimoto , T. ; Fujiwara , H. ; Hara , K. ; Kamiya , M. Magnetic investigation of the columnar grain-structure in obliquely deposited iron films . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1989 , 81 ( 3 ), 374 – 380 .
  • Messier , R. ; Giri , A.P. ; Roy , R.A. Revised structure zone model for thin-film physical structure . J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1984 , A2 ( 2 ), 500 – 503 .
  • Hara , K. ; Itoh , K. ; Kamiya , M. ; Okamoto , K. ; Hashimoto , T. Hysteresis loops of cobalt films deposited obliquely by sputtering . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1996 , 161 , 287 – 291 .
  • Otiti , T. ; Niklasson , G.A. ; Svedlindh , P. ; Granqvist , C.G. Aniso-tropic optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of obliquely evaporated Ni films . Thin Solids Films 1997 , 307 ( 1–2 ), 245 – 249 .
  • Otiti , T. Optical and electrical anisotropy in obliquely evaporated Fe film . J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 2001 , 20 ( 9 ), 845 – 846 .
  • Otiti , T. Magneto-optical properties of obliquely evaporated Ni films . J. Mater. Sci. 2003 , 38 ( 6 ), 1315 – 1319 .
  • Lou , J. ; Shrotriya , P. ; Buchheit , T. ; Yang , D. ; Soboyejo , W.O. Nanoindentation study of plasticity length scale effects in LIGA Ni microelectromechanical systems structures . J. Mater. Res. 2003 , 18 ( 3 ), 719 – 728 .
  • Lou , J. ; Shrotriya , P. ; Buchheit , T. ; Yang , D. ; Soboyejo , W.O. A. Nano-indentation study on the plasticity length scale effects in LIGA Ni MEMS structures . J. Mater. Sci. 2003 , 38 ( 20 ), 4137 – 4143 .
  • Nix , W.D. Mechanical-properties of thin-films. Met. Trans. 1989, A20 (11), 2217–2245.
  • Oliver , W.C. ; Pharr , G.M. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments . J. Mater. Res. 1992 , 7 ( 6 ), 1564 – 1583 .
  • Pethica , J.B. ; Hutchings , R. ; Oliver , W.C. Hardness Measurement at penetration depths as small as 20-nm . Philos. Mag. A 1983 , 48 ( 4 ), 593 – 606 .
  • Doerner , M.F. ; Nix , W.D. A method for determining the data from depth-sensing indentation instruments . J. Mater. Res. 1986 , 1 , 601 – 609 .
  • Stone , D. ; LaFontaine , W.R. ; Alexopoulos , P. ; Wu , T.W. ; Li , C.Y. An investigation of hardness and adhesion of sputter-deposited aluminum on silicon by utilizing a continuous indentation test . J. Mater. Res. 1988 , 3 ( 1 ), 141 – 147 .
  • Saha , R. ; Nix , W.D. Effects of the substrate on the determination of thin film mechanical properties by nanoindentation . Acta Materila 2002 , 50 ( 1 ), 23 – 28 .
  • Tsui , T.Y. ; Vlassak , J.J. ; Nix , W.D. Indentation plastic displacement field: Part I. The case of soft films on hard substrates . J. Mater. Res. 1999 , 14 ( 6 ), 2196 – 2203 .
  • Tsui , T.Y. ; Vlassak , J.J. ; Nix , W.D. Indentation plastic displacement field: Part II. The case of hard films on soft substrates . J. Mater. Res. 1999 , 14 ( 6 ), 2204 – 2209 .
  • Gao , H. ; Chiu , C.H. ; Lee , J. Elastic contact versus indentation modeling of multilayered materials . Int. J. Solid Struct. 1992 , 29 ( 20 ), 2471 – 2492 .
  • Larsen , T.A. ; Simo , J.C. A study of the mechanics of micro-indentation using finite-elements . J. Mater. Res. 1992 , 7 ( 3 ), 618 – 626 .
  • Tsui , T.Y. ; Oliver , W.C. ; Pharr , G.M. Nanoindentation of soft films on hard substrates: the importance of pile-up . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1997 , 436 , 207 – 212 .
  • Tsui , T.Y. ; Ross , W.C. ; Pharr , G.M. Nanoindentation hardness of soft films on hard substrates: effects of the substrate . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1997 , 473 , 57 – 62 .
  • Hay , J.C. ; Pharr , G.M. Critical issues in measuring the mecha-nical properties of hard films on soft substrates by nanoindentation techniques . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1998 , 505 , 65 – 70 .
  • King , R.B. Elastic analysis of some punch problems for a layered medium . Inst. J. Solids Structures 1987 , 23 ( 142 ), 1657 – 1664 .
  • Lilleodden , E.T. ; Bonin , W. ; Nelson , J. ; Wyrobek , J.T. ; Gerberich , W.W. In-situ imaging of Mu-N load indents into gaas . J. Mater. Res. 1995 , 10 ( 9 ), 2162 – 2165 .
  • Arzt , E. Size effects in materials due to microstructural and dimensional constraints: a comparative review . Acta Materialia 1998 , 46 ( 16 ), 5611 – 5626 .
  • Cohen , M.S. ; Huber , E.E. ; Weiss , G.P. ; Smith , D.O. Investigations into the origin of anisotropy in oblique-incidence films . J. Appl. Phys. 1960 , 31 ( 5 ), S291 – S292 .
  • Smith , D.O. ; Cohen , M.S. ; Weiss G.P. Oblique-incidence anisotropy in evaporated permalloy films . J. Appl. Phys. 1960 , 31 ( 10 ), 1755 – 1762 .
  • Mencik , J. ; Munz , D. ; Quandt , E. ; Weppelmann , E.R. ; Swain , M.V. Determination of elastic modulus of thin layers using nanoindentation . J. Mater. Res. 1997 , 12 ( 9 ), 2475 – 2484 .
  • Konig , H. ; Helwig , G. Uber die struktur schrag aufgedampfter schichten und ihr einfluss auf die entwicklung submikro-skopischer oberflachenrauhigkeiten . Optik 1950 , 6 ( 2 ), 111 – 124 .
  • Allameh , S.M. ; Shrotriya , P. ; Butterwick , A. ; Brown , S. ; Soboyejo , W.O. Surface topography evolution and fatigue fracture in polysilicon MEMS structures . J. Microelectro-mechanical Systems 2003 , 12 ( 3 ), 313 – 324 .
  • Xiang , Y. ; Chen , X. ; Vlassak , J.J. The mechanical properties of electroplated cu thin films measured by means of the bulge test technique . Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2002 , 695 , 189 – 194 .
  • Gau , J.S. Magnetic-properties of oblique-evaporated Co–Ni thin-films . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1989 , 80 ( 2–3 ), 290 – 298 .
  • Holland , L. Effect of vapor incidence on structure of evaporated aluminum films . J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1953 , 43 ( 5 ), 376 – 380 .
  • Soboyejo , W.O. Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials ; Marcel Dekker Inc. : New York , USA , 2003 .
  • Zong , Z. ; Soboyejo , W.O. Indentation size effects in face centered cubic single crystal thin films . Materials Science and Engineering A 2005 , 404 ( 1–2 ), 281 – 290 .
  • Tabor , D. A simple theory of static and dynamic hardness . Proc. R. Soc. A 1948 , 192 ( 1029 ), 247 – 274 .
  • Nix , W.D. ; Gao , H. Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: a law for strain gradient plasticity . J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1998 , 46 ( 3 ), 411 – 425 .
  • Soboyejo , A.B.O. ; Shademan , S. ; Foster , M. ; Katsube , N. ; Soboyejo , W.O. A multiparameter approach to the prediction of fatigue crack growth in metallic materials . Fatigue Fract Engng. Mater. Struct. 2001 , 24 ( 4 ), 225 – 241 .
  • Pharr , G.M. ; Oliver , W.C. ; Brotzen , F.R. on the generality of the relationship among contact stiffness, contact area, and elastic-modulus during indentation . J. Mater. Res. 1992 , 7 ( 3 ), 613 – 617 .
  • Ternovskii , A.P. ; Alekhin , V.P. ; Shorshorov , M.K. ; Khrushchov , M.M. ; Skvortsov , V.N. Micromechanical material testing by pressing In . Zavod. Lab. 1973 , 39 ( 10 ), 1242 – 1247 .
  • Bulychev , S.I. ; Alekhin , V.P. ; Shorshorov , M.K. ; Ternovskii , A.P. ; Shnyrev , G.D. Determination of Young's modulus accor-ding to indentation diagram . Zavod. Lab. 1975 , 41 ( 9 ), 1137 – 1140 .
  • Bulychev , S.I. ; Alekhin , V.P. ; Shorshorov , M.K. ; Ternovskii , A.P. Mechanical properties of materials studied from kinetic diagrams of load versus depth of impression during microcompression . Strength Mat. J. 1976 , 8 ( 9 ), 79 .
  • Shorshorov , M.K. , Bulychev , S.I. , and Alekhin , V.P. Work of plastic deformation during indenter indentation . Sov. Phys. Dokl. 1982 , 26 , 769 .
  • Harding , J.W. ; Sneddon , I.N. The elastic stresses produced by the indentation of the plane surface of a semi-infinite elastic solid by a rigid punch . Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 1945 , 41 ( 1 ), 12 – 26 .
  • Sneddon , I.N. Relation between load and penetration in axisymmetric boussinesq problem for punch of arbitrary profile . Int. J. Engng Sci. 1965 , 3 , 47 – 57 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.