Changing motivations of the special constable: a qualitative analysis of the role of organisational experience in retaining satisfaction and commitment

References

• Alfes, K., Antunes, B., and Shantz, A.D., 2017. The management of volunteers – what can human resources do? A review and research agenda The international journal of human resource management, 28 (1), 62–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, J.B. and Shaw, S., 2009. “Everyone rolls up their sleeves and mucks in”: exploring volunteers’ motivation and experiences of the motivational climate of a sporting event. Sport management review, 12, 79–90.
   Google Scholar
• Asquith, N.L., Bartkowiak-Theron, I., and Roberts, K.A., eds., 2017. Policing encounters with vulnerability. Cham: Palgrave-Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock, K., 2015. Diversity in the special constabulary. Policing, 9 (1), 46–55.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock, K. and Leeney, D., 2016. On matters of balance: an examination of the deployment, motivation and management of the special constabulary. Policing and society, 26 (5), 483–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caless, B., 2018. On the nature of volunteering. In: K. Bullock and A. Millie, eds. The special constabulary. Oxon: Routledge, 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Callender, M., et al., 2018. Understanding the motivations, morale, and retention of special constables: findings from a national survey. Policing, 1–16. doi:10.1093/police/pay058.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, J. and Doran, S., 2009. Staying in the job: job satisfaction among mid-career police officers. Policing, 3 (1), 66–77.
   Google Scholar
• Clary, E. and Snyder, M., 1999. The motivations to volunteer: theoretical and practical considerations. Current directions in psychological science, 8 (5), 156–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• College of Policing, 2018. Direct entry programme. Available from: https://recruit.college.police.uk/Officer/leadership-programmes/Direct-Entry-Programme/Pages/Direct-Entry-Programme.aspx [Accessed 22 Dec 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, C. and Ingram, S., 2004. Retention of police officers. A study of resignations in ten forces. London: Home Office RDS Occasional Paper No 86.
   Google Scholar
• Cosgrove, F., 2016. ‘I wannabe a copper’: the engagement of police community support officers with the dominant police occupational culture. Criminology and criminal justice, 16 (1), 119–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove, F. and Ramshaw, P., 2015. It is what you do as well as the way that you do it: the value and deployment of PCSOs in achieving public engagement. Policing and society, 25 (1), 77–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon, B.J. and Rice, S.M., 2015. Investment in staff development within an emergency services organisation: comparing future intention of volunteers and paid employees. The international journal of human resource management, 26 (4), 485–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaston, K. and Alexander, J.A., 2001. Effective organisation and management of public sector volunteer workers. The international journal of public sector management, 14 (1), 59–74.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, M.L., 1986. Voluntarism and the criminal justice system: a comparative analysis. Thesis (PhD). Plymouth University.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, M.L. and Mawby, R.I., 1990a. Volunteers in the criminal justice system: a comparative study of probation, police and victim support. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, M.L. and Mawby, R.I., 1990b. A special constable. A study of the police reserve. Aldershot: Avebury.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, D. and King, A., 1985. Demographic understanding of volunteerism. Journal of sociology and social welfare, 12, 789–816.
   Google Scholar
• Goldthorpe, J.H., et al., 1968. The affluent worker: industrial attitudes and behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, J., Husband, H., and Linehan, C., 2018. Police workforce, England and Wales, 31 March 2018 statistical bulletin 11/08. London: Home Office. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/726401/hosb1118-police-workforce.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Hieke, G., 2018. General perspectives on volunteer motivation within the special constabulary. In: K. Bullock and A. Millie, eds. The special constabulary. Oxon: Routledge, 80–93.
   Google Scholar
• HMIC, 2002. Narrowing the gap: police visibility and public reassurance, managing public expectation and demand [online]. London, HMIC. Available from: https://www.hmics.scot/publications/narrowing-gap [Accessed 20 Mar 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Home Office, 2018. Police workforce England and Wales, 31st March 2018. London: Home Office.
   Google Scholar
• IPSCJ, 2014. The specials ‘experience’ in Northamptonshire: a critical review. Northampton: Institute for Public Safety Crime and Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Leon, C., 2018. From special constables to special constabularies. In: K. Bullock and A. Millie, eds. The special constabulary. Oxon: Routledge, 46–64.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, P.K., 1997. Police work: the social organisation of policing. 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• McElroy, J.C., Morrow, P.C., and Wardlow, T.R., 1999. A career stage analysis of police officer work commitment. Journal of criminal justice, 27 (6), 507–516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepper, I., 2014. Do part-time volunteer police officers aspire to be regular police officers? The police journal: theory, practice and principles, 87 (2), 105–113.
   Google Scholar
• Ramshaw, P., 2013. Community policing and lateral career paths. Police practice and research, 14 (6), 464–477.
   Google Scholar
• Ramshaw, P. and Soppitt, S., 2018. Educating the recruited and recruiting the educated: can the new police education qualifications framework in England and Wales succeed where others have faltered. International journal of police science & management, 20 (4), 243–250.
   Google Scholar
• Reiner, R., 1978. The blue-coated worker. A sociological study of police unionism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rochester, C., 2006. Making sense of volunteering. A literature review. London: The Commission on the Future of Volunteering.
   Google Scholar
• Rochester, C., Ellis Paine, A., and Howlett, S., 2012. Volunteering and society in the 21st century. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Seth, R., 1961. The specials: the story of the special constabulary in England, Wales and Scotland. London: Victor Gollancz.
   Google Scholar
• Straine-Francis, V., 2018. Legislation, powers and governance of a special constable. In: K. Bullock and A. Millie, eds. The special constabulary. Oxon: Routledge, 118–133.
   Google Scholar
• Whittle, J., 2018. Increasing value for money through reducing premature wastage in the special constabulary. In: K. Bullock and A. Millie, eds. The special constabulary. Oxon: Routledge, 134–148.
   Google Scholar