876
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A Review and Evaluation of Fossil Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Canadian Agriculture

&
Pages 210-228 | Published online: 05 Feb 2009

REFERENCES

  • Acres USA. 2006. Breaking the ‘Royal Addiction: Alternative fuels for energy security & a cleaner world (interview with Josh Tickell). Acres U.S.A. (The Voice of Eco-Agriculture) http://www.acresusa.com/toolbox/reprints/Aug2006_IntTickell.pdf
  • ASAE . Agricultural machinery management data . ASAE Standards 2000: EP496.2 P 344–349 and D297.4. P 213–220 . 2000 . ASAE. St. Joseph, Michigan
  • ASAE . 1982/84 . “ Agricultural machinery management data ” . In Agricultural Engineering Yearbook, 1982 and 1984 , 213 – 220 . St. Joseph, Michigan : ASAE D230.3&4 ASAE .
  • ASAE . 1971 . “ Agricultural machinery management data ” . In Agricultural Engineering Yearbook, 1971 , 287 – 294 . St. Joseph, Michigan : ASAE D230.2 ASAE .
  • Bates , A.K. 1990 . Climate in crisis: The greenhouse effect and what we can do , Summertown, Tennessee. 228 : The Book Publishing Company .
  • Blandford , P.W. 1976 . Old farming tools and machinery , Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 188 : Gale Research Co .
  • Casady , W.W. and Massey , R.E. 1997 . Farming with one tractor , Agricultural MU Guide, Published by University Extension, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Agricultural Economics. 4 .
  • Champ , J. 2002 . The impact of the First World War on Saskatchewan's farm families , Western Development Museum. 10 . Prepared for Saskatchewan Western Development Museum's “Winning the Prairie Gamble” 2005 Exhibit
  • Coote , D.R. and Gregorich , L.J. The health of our water—toward sustainable agriculture in canada . Publication 2020/E, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada . 2000 . 173
  • Desjardins , R.L. , Vergé , X. , Hutchinson , J. , Smith , W. , Grant , B. , McConkey , B. and Worth , D. 2005 . “ Greenhouse gases ” . In Environmental sustainability of Canadian agriculture: Agri-environmental indicator report series. Report # 2 , Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. pp. 142–148 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Baier , W. 1978 . Weather-based selection of tractor sizes . Canada Agriculture. , 23 ( 1 ) : 22 – 23 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R. L. 2007 . Energy-based GHG emissions from Canadian agriculture . Journal of the Energy Institute. , 80 ( 2 ) : 93 – 95 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2006a . Carbon dioxide emissions associated with the manufacturing of tractors and farm machinery in Canada . Biosystems Engineering. , 93 ( 1 ) : 107 – 118 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2006b . An integrated index for electrical energy use in Canadian agriculture with implications for greenhouse gas emissions . Biosystems Engineering. , 95 ( 3 ) : 449 – 460 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2005a . Analysis of trends in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use for farm fieldwork related to harvesting annual crops and hay, changing tillage practices and reduced summerfallow in Canada . Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. , 25 ( 3 ) : 141 – 156 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2005b . A simple meta-model for assessing the contribution of liquid fossil fuel for on-farm fieldwork to agricultural greenhouse gases in Canada . Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. , 27 ( 1 ) : 71 – 90 .
  • Dyer, J.A. and R.L. Desjardins. 2004, The Impact of Energy use in Canadian Agriculture on the Sector's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions. Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Research Centre, Technical Report, 17 http://www.canren.gc.ca/re-farms/documents/elecPub.cfm
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2003a . Simulated farm fieldwork, energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions in Canada . Biosystems Engineering. , 85 ( 4 ) : 503 – 513 .
  • Dyer , J.A. and Desjardins , R.L. 2003b . The impact of farm machinery management on the greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian agriculture . Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. , 20 ( 3 ) : 59 – 74 .
  • Elward , M. , McLaughlin , B. and Alain , B. Livestock Feed Requirements Study 1999–2001 . Catalogue no. 23-501-XIE . 2003 . Statistics Canada. 84
  • Environment Canada, 2005. Canada's Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 1990-2002. Annex 13: Electricity Intensity Tables http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/1990_02_report/toc_e.cfm
  • Finner , M. F. 1973 . Farm field machinery American Printing and Publishing Inc., Madison, Wisconsin and Agricultural Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison
  • Gibb, D.J., B.L. Helgason, H.H. Janzen, and T.A. McAllister. 2005. A Computer Model for Estimating Greenhouse Gas production from Agriculture. Presented at BIOCAP Canada's Foundations First National Conference, 2005. Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta http://www. biocap.ca/images/pdfs/conferencePosters/Gibb_D_P1.pdf
  • Gill , R.S. , Nagy , C.N. , Zentner , R.P. , Hucq , A. , McGregor , R.J. , Entz , M.H. and Giraldez , J.C. 2000 . Opportunities for reduced non-renewable energy use in Canadian Prairie agricultural production systems Ottawa, , Canada Unpublished report to the Strategic Policy Branch of Agriculture and Agri-food Canada
  • Gulden, R.H. and M.H. Entz. 2005. A comparison of two Manitoba farms with contrasting tillage systems. Natural systems agriculture http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/naturalagriculture/articles/energy.html
  • Gustafson , R.J. 1980 . Fundamentals of electricity for agriculture , Westport Connecticut. 293 : The AVI Publishing Company Inc .
  • Huffman , E. , Coote , D. , Yang , J.Y. and Chen , F. 2005 . “ Soil cover ” . In Environmental Sustainability of Canadian Agriculture. Agri-Environmental Indicator Report Series Edited by: Lefebvre , A. , Eilers , W. and Chunn , B. Report # 2. 61–68. Agriculture and Agri-food Canada
  • Hunt , D. 1995 . Farm power and machinery management , 9th , Ames, , Iowa. 363 : Iowa State University Press .
  • ICF Consulting, 1999. Methods for estimating methane emissions from domesticated animals. Volume VIII: Chapter 6. October, 1999. Prepared for the Greenhouse Gas Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 28 pp.
  • IPCC, 2006. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Chapter 10: Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm
  • Jacobs , C.O. and Harrell , W.R. 1983 . “ Basic principles of power ” . In Agricultural power and machinery , New York. pp. 101–109 : McGraw Hill Book Co .
  • Janzen , H.H. , Angers , D.A. Boehm , M. 2006 . A proposed approach to estimate and reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from whole farms . Canadian Journal of Soil Science. , 86 ( 3 ) : 401 – 418 .
  • Jaques , A.P , Neitzert , F. and Boileau , P. 1997 . Trends in Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990–1995 Air Pollution prevention Directorate, Pollution Data Branch, Environment Canada
  • Johnson, D. 2006. Agricultural mechanization timeline—greatest engineering achievements of the twentieth century. Copyright © 2006 by National Academy of Engineering http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3725
  • Klein , K.K. and LeRoy , D.G. . The Biofuels Frenzy: What's in it for Canadian Agriculture? . Green Paper Prepared for the Alberta Institute of Agrologists. Presented at the Annual Conference of Alberta Institute of Agrologists . March 28 2007 , Banf, Alberta. Department of Economics, University of Lethbridge. 46
  • Kraker, E and K. Longtin (Project leaders). 2005, An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-food system. Research and Analysis Directorate, Strategic policy Branch, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Publication No. 10066E.
  • Larsen , L. 1981 . Farm tractors—1950–1975 , ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan, 184 .
  • Korol, M. 2002. Canadian Fertilizer Shipments and Trade 2001/2002. Farm Income and Adaptations Policy Directorate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada http://www.agr.ca/policy/cdnfert/text.html
  • MacEwan , G. 1971 . Power for prairie plows , Modern Press Canada (The Western Producer), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 115 .
  • MacRae, R. 1990. A history of sustainable agriculture. Ecological agriculture projects. McGill University (Macdonald Campus) http://eap.mcgill.ca/AASA_1.htm (Accessed: October, 2008 ).
  • McFate , K.L. 1989 . Electrical energy in agriculture , New York and Amsterdam. 372 : Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc .
  • McLean , K.A. 1989 . Drying and storing combinable crops , 2nd , Saskatoon, , Saskatchewan : Farming Press257 .
  • Morland , A. 1985 . Classic American farm tractors , Osprey Publishing Ltd., London, UK. 120 .
  • Nagy , C.N. Prairie Crop Energy Model: Energy Use-Analysis of Agriculture Production in Saskatchewan from 1990 to 1999 by Crop District . Final Report for Saskatchewan Energy and Mines . 2001 . Canadian Agricultural Energy End-use and Analysis Centre (CAEEDAC)
  • Nagy , C.N. Energy and greenhouse gas coefficients inputs used in agriculture . Report to the Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative (PARC) . 2000 . The Canadian Agricultural Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CAEEDAC) and Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and the Environment (CSALE)
  • Newlands, N., B. Helgason, and H. Janzen. 2006. Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculator for Canadian Farms. Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Presented at Eastern GHG Conference, Moncton, March 16, 2006 http://www.ccse-swcc.nb.ca/GHGwkshop2006/Proceed/ROCHETTEPhilippeCalculator.pdf
  • NIRO. 2003. Environmental Signals—Canada's Environmental Indicator Series. National Indicators and Reporting Office (NIRO), Environment Canada. Cat no. En40-775/2002E http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree
  • NRCan . 2005 . Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada, 1990 and 1996 to 2003 , Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada. 64 .
  • NRCan, 2004. Energy Use Data Handbook, 1990 and 1996 to 2002. Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada. Cat.No.M141-2/2002E http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/neud/dpa/comprehensive_tables/index.cfm
  • Patzek, T.W. 2003. Energy Required to Produce Corn. Civil and Environmental Engineering, U.C. Berkeley, March 12, 2003 http://petroleum.berkeley.edu/patzek/ce24/ce24top.htm
  • Piau , A. and Korol , M. 2005 . “ Energy use efficiency ” . In Environmental sustainability of Canadian agriculture: Agri-environmental indicator report series. Report # 2 , Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. pp. 76–82 .
  • Pimentel , D. and Patzek , T. 2007 . Ethanol production: energy and economic issues related to U.S. and Brazilian sugarcane . Natural Resources Research. , 16 ( 3 ) : 235 – 242 .
  • Sapouri , H. , Duffield , J.A. and Wang , M. 2002 . The energy balance of corn ethanol: An update. Agricultural Economic Report No. 814 , Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, United States Department of Agriculture. 15 .
  • Stout , B.A. 1989 . Handbook of energy for world agriculture , New York : Chapter II. Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc .
  • Tremblay , V. 2000 . The 1997 Farm Energy Use Survey—Statistical Results. Contract Report for the Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada , Ottawa ON : Contact David McNabb .
  • VandenBygaart , A. J. , Gregorich , E. G. and Angers , D. A. 2003 . Influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon: A compendium and assessment of Canadian studies . Canadian Journal of Soil Science. , 83 : 363 – 380 .
  • Vaughan, L. 2006. Historical background—Sunnybrook Farm Museum's tractor collection http://www.sunnybrookfarmmuseum.ca/history.htm (Accessed: October 2006 ).
  • Vergé , X. , Dyer , J.A. , Desjardins , R.L. and Worth , D. 2006 . Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Canadian Dairy Industry during 2001 . Agricultural Systems , 94 : 683 – 693 .
  • Williams , M. 1974 . Farm tractors in colour , New York. 183 : MacMillan Publishing Co .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.