Design of Mobile Phones for Older Adults: An Empirical Analysis of Design Guidelines and Checklists for Feature Phones and Smartphones

References

• Abdul Razak, F. H., Razak, N. A., Wan Adnan, W. A., & Ahmad, N. A. (2013). How simple is simple: Our experience with older adult users. In Proceedings of the 11th Asia Pacific Conference on Computer Human Interaction (pp. 379–387). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2525194.2525307
   Google Scholar
• Al-Razgan, M. S., Al-Khalifa, H. S., Al-Shahrani, M. D., & AlAjmi, H. H. (2012). Touch-based mobile phone interface guidelines and design recommendations for elderly people: A survey of the literature. In T. Huang, Z. Zeng, C. Li, & C. S. Leung (Eds.), Neural information processing (pp. 568–574). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, N., Nugent, C., Moore, G., & Finlay, D. (2010). Using smartphones to address the needs of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Telecommunications, 65(9–10), 485–495. doi:10.1007/s12243-010-0165-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arning, K., & Ziefle, M. (2007). Barriers of information access in small screen device applications: The relevance of user characteristics for a transgenerational design. In C. Stephanidis & M. Pieper (Eds.), Universal access in ambient intelligence environments (pp. 117–136). Berlin: Springer. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-71025-7_9
   Google Scholar
• Balata, J., Mikovec, Z., & Slavicek, T. (2015). KoalaPhone: Touchscreen mobile phone UI for active seniors. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12193-015-0188-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bay, S., & Ziefle, M. (2004). Effects of menu foresight on information access in small screen devices. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 48(16), 1841–1845. doi:10.1177/154193120404801611
   Google Scholar
• Berenguer, A., Goncalves, J., Hosio, S., Ferreira, D., Anagnostopoulos, T., & Kostakos, V. (2017). Are Smartphones Ubiquitous?: An in-depth survey of smartphone adoption by seniors. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(1), 104–110. doi:10.1109/MCE.2016.2614524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulos, M. N. K., Wheeler, S., Tavares, C., & Jones, R. (2011). How smartphones are changing the face of mobile and participatory healthcare: An overview, with example from eCAALYX. Biomedical Engineering Online, 10, 24. doi:10.1186/1475-925X-10-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boustani, S. (2010). Designing touch-based interfaces for the elderly (Bachelor’s thesis). Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Bruder, C., Blessing, L., & Wandke, H. (2007). Training the elderly in the use of electronic devices. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction: Coping with Diversity (pp. 637–646). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1766311.1766385
   Google Scholar
• Butlewski, M., Tytyk, E., Wróbel, K., & Miedziarek, S. (2014). Heuristics in ergonomic design of portable control devices for the elderly. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Aging and Assistive Environments (pp. 24–33). Berlin, Germany: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07446-7_3
   Google Scholar
• Calak, P. (2013). Smartphone evaluation heuristics for older adults. Guelph, Ontario: The University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/5610
   Google Scholar
• Callegaro, M., Lozar Manfreda, K., & Vehovar, V. (2015). Web survey methodology. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Caprani, N., O’Connor, N. E., & Gurrin, C. (2012). Touch screens for the older user. In F. Auat Cheein (Ed.), Assistive technologies (pp. 104–128). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech.
   Google Scholar
• Cecere, G., Corrocher, N., & Battaglia, R. D. (2015). Innovation and competition in the smartphone industry: Is there a dominant design? Telecommunications Policy, 39(3–4), 162–175. doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2014.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Tsang, S. N. H. (2013). Usage of mobile phones amongst elderly people in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists March 13–15, 2013, Hong Kong (Vol. II, pp. 1016–1019).
   Google Scholar
• Díaz-Bossini, J.-M., & Moreno, L. (2014). Accessibility to mobile interfaces for older people. Procedia Computer Science, 27, 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.02.008
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson, A., Arnott, J., & Prior, S. (2007). Methods for human - computer interaction research with older people. Behaviour & Information Technology, 26(4), 343–352. doi:10.1080/01449290601176948
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolničar, V., Šetinc, M., & Petrovčič, A. (2016). Toward an age-friendly design of smartphone interfaces: The usability test of a launcher for older adults. Uporabna Informatika, XXIV(24), 4–15.
   Google Scholar
• Dumas, J. S., & Salzman, M. C. (2006). Usability assessment methods. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2(1), 109–140. doi:10.1177/1557234X0600200105
   Google Scholar
• Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2009). Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Furuki, K., & Kikuchi, Y. (2013). Approach to commercialization of Raku–Raku smartphone. FUJITSU Scientific & Technical Journal, 49(2), 196–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, J., & Koronios, A. (2010). Mobile application development for senior citizens. In PACIS 2010 Proceedings (pp. 214–223). Taipei, Taiwan.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, Q., Ebert, D., Chen, X., & Ding, Y. (2015). Design of a mobile social community platform for older Chinese people in Urban Areas. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 25(1), 66–89. doi:10.1002/hfm.20523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haigh, R. (1993). The ageing process: A challenge for design. Applied Ergonomics, 24(1), 9–14. doi:10.1016/0003-6870(93)90153-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada, S., Sato, D., Takagi, H., & Asakawa, C. (2013). Characteristics of elderly user behavior on mobile multi-touch devices. In P. Kotzé, G. Marsden, G. Lindgaard, J. Wesson, & M. Winckler (Eds.), Human-computer interaction – INTERACT 2013 (pp. 323–341). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa, S., Omori, M., Matsunuma, S., & Miyao, M. (2006). Aging effects on the visibility of graphic text on mobile phones. Gerontechnology, 4(4), 200–208. doi:10.4017/gt.2006.04.04.004.00
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, H., & Nasir, M. H. N. (2008). The use of mobile phones by older adults: A Malaysian Study. SIGACCESS Access Computation, (92), 11–16. doi:10.1145/1452562.1452564
   Google Scholar
• Henze, N., Rukzio, E., & Boll, S. (2011). 100,000,000 Taps: Analysis and improvement of touch performance in the large. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (pp. 133–142). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2037373.2037395
   Google Scholar
• Hollander, M., Wolfe, D. A., & Chicken, E. (2013). Nonparametric statistical methods (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Holzinger, A., Searle, G., Kleinberger, T., Seffah, A., & Javahery, H. (2008). Investigating usability metrics for the design and development of applications for the elderly. In K. Miesenberger, J. Klaus, W. Zagler, & A. Karshmer (Eds.), Computers helping people with special needs (pp. 98–105). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-70540-6_13
   Google Scholar
• Holzinger, A., Searle, G., & Nischelwitzer, A. (2007). On some aspects of improving mobile applications for the elderly. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction: Coping with Diversity (pp. 923–932). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1766311.1766418
   Google Scholar
• Hwangbo, H., Yoon, S. H., Jin, B. S., Han, Y. S., & Ji, Y. G. (2013). A study of pointing performance of elderly users on smartphones. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(9), 604–618. doi:10.1080/10447318.2012.729996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irie, T., Matsunaga, K., & Nagano, Y. (2005). Universal design activities for mobile phone: Raku Raku phone. FUJITSU Scientific & Technical Journal, 41(1), 78–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, Y. G., Park, J. H., Lee, C., & Yun, M. H. (2006). A usability checklist for the usability evaluation of mobile phone user interface. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 20(3), 207–231. doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc2003_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joe, J., & Demiris, G. (2013). Older adults and mobile phones for health: A review. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 46(5), 947–954. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2013.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M., & Marsden, G. (2006). Mobile interaction design (Vol. 10). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Kause, M. (2013). “I just wanted a beautiful phone” Checklist-based evaluation of smartphones usability for the elderly users. University of Tampere. Retrieved from http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/94964
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H., Heo, J., Shim, J., Kim, M., Park, S., & Park, S. (2007). Contextual research on elderly users’ needs for developing universal design mobile phone. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction: Coping with Diversity (pp. 950–959). Berlin: Springer. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1766311.1766421
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, M., Hiyama, A., Miura, T., Asakawa, C., Hirose, M., & Ifukube, T. (2011). Elderly user evaluation of mobile touchscreen interactions. In Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-computer Interaction - Volume Part I (pp. 83–99). Berlin: Springer. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2042053.2042065
   Google Scholar
• Koutsourelakis, C., & Chorianopoulos, K. (2010). Icons in mobile phones: Comprehensibility differences between older and younger users. Information Design Journal (IDJ), 18(1), 22–35. doi:10.1075/idj.18.1.03cho
   Google Scholar
• Kurniawan, S. (2006). An exploratory study of how older women use mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 105–122). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/11853565_7
   Google Scholar
• Kurniawan, S. (2008). Older people and mobile phones: A multi-method investigation. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 66(12), 889–901. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J.-H., Poliakoff, E., & Spence, C. (2009). The effect of multimodal feedback presented via a touch screen on the performance of older adults. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design (pp. 128–135). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04076-4_14
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. S. (2007). A survey of mobile phone use in older adults. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 51(1), 1–5. doi:10.1177/154193120705100101
   Google Scholar
• Leitao, R., & Silva, P. A. (2012). Target and spacing sizes for smartphone user interfaces for older adults: Design patterns based on an evaluation with users. Presented at the Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, Tucson, Arizona. Retrieved from http://www.hillside.net/plop/2012/papers/Group%201%20-%20Elk/Target%20and%20Spacing%20Sizes%20for%20Smartphone%20User%20interfaces%20for%20Older%20Adults%20-%20Design%20patterns%20Based%20on%20an%20Evaluation%20with%20Users.pdf#!
   Google Scholar
• Leung, R., Findlater, L., McGrenere, J., Graf, P., & Yang, J. (2010). Multi-layered interfaces to improve older adults’ initial learnability of mobile applications. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing, 3(1), 1–30. doi:10.1145/1838562.1838563
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz, A., & Oppermann, R. (2009). Mobile health monitoring for the elderly: Designing for diversity. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 5(5), 478–495. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2008.09.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire, M., & Osman, Z. (2003). Designing for older and inexperienced mobile phone users. Universal Access in HCI: Inclusive Design in the Information Society, Proceedings of the HCI International Conference, 2003. (Ed.) Constantine Stephanidis, Volume 4, pp. 439–443, Mahawan, New Jersey and London: Lawrence Erlbaum, ISBN: 0-8058-4933-5. (pp. 22–27).
   Google Scholar
• Mann, W. C., Helal, S., Davenport, R. D., Justiss, M. D., Tomita, M. R., & Kemp, B. J. (2004). Use of cell phones by elders with impairments: Overall appraisal, satisfaction, and suggestions. Technology and Disability, 16(1), 49–57.
   Google Scholar
• Massimi, M. (2007). Participatory design of mobile phone software for seniors. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~mikem/pubs/Massimi-MScThesis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Massimi, M., Baecker, R. M., & Wu, M. (2007). Using participatory activities with seniors to critique, build, and evaluate mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (pp. 155–162). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/1296843.1296871
   Google Scholar
• Mi, N., Cavuoto, L. A., Benson, K., Smith-Jackson, T., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2014). A heuristic checklist for an accessible smartphone interface design. Universal Access in the Information Society, 13(4), 351–365. doi:10.1007/s10209-013-0321-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motti, L. G., Vigouroux, N., & Gorce, P. (2013). Interaction techniques for older adults using touchscreen devices: A literature review. In Proceedings of the 25th IEME Conference Francophone on L’Interaction Homme-Machine (pp. 125–134). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2534903.2534920
   Google Scholar
• Ofcom. (2015). Adults’ media use and attitudes report. London: Author. Retrieved from http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/media-literacy/media-lit-10years/2015_Adults_media_use_and_attitudes_report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Olwal, A., Lachanas, D., & Zacharouli, E. (2011). OldGen: Mobile phone personalization for older adults. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3393–3396). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/1978942.1979447
   Google Scholar
• Parush, A., & Yuviler-Gavish, N. (2004). Web navigation structures in cellular phones: The depth/breadth trade-off issue. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 60(5–6), 753–770. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattison, M., & Stedmon, A. W. (2006). Inclusive design and human factors: Designing mobile phones for older users. PsychNology Journal, 4(3), 267–284.
   Google Scholar
• Pijukkana, K., & Sahachaisaeree, N. (2010). Factor determining functional perception on technology-driven product design: A case study on mobile phone for the elderly. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1288–1293. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.277
   Google Scholar
• Plaza, I., Martín, L., Martin, S., & Medrano, C. (2011). Mobile applications in an aging society: Status and trends. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(11), 1977–1988. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaud, K., & van Biljon, J. (2010). Worth-centred mobile phone design for older users. Universal Access in the Information Society, 9(4), 387–403. doi:10.1007/s10209-009-0177-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, P. A., Holden, K., & Jordan, P. (2015). Towards a list of heuristics to evaluate smartphone apps targeted at older adults: A study with apps that aim at promoting health and well-being. In T. X. Bui & R. H. Sprague Jr. (Eds.), 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2015, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, January 5-8, 2015 (pp. 3237–3246). IEEE. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2015.390
   Google Scholar
• Silva, P. A., Holden, K., & Nii, A. (2014). Smartphones, smart seniors, but not-so-smart apps: A heuristic evaluation of fitness apps. In D. D. Schmorrow & C. M. Fidopiastis (Eds.), Foundations of augmented cognition. advancing human performance and decision-making through adaptive systems (pp. 347–358). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, P. A., Jordan, P., & Holden, K. (2014). Something old, something new, something borrowed: Gathering experts’ feedback while performing heuristic evaluation with a list of heuristics targeted at older adults. In Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer Entertainment Conference (pp. 19:1–19:8). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2693787.2693804
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2013). Older adults and technology use. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/04/03/older-adults-and-technology-use/
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2015). U.S. Smartphone Use in 2015. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/
   Google Scholar
• Stössel, C., Wandke, H., & Blessing, L. (2010). Gestural interfaces for elderly users: Help or hindrance? In S. Kopp & I. Wachsmuth (Eds.), Gesture in embodied communication and human-computer interaction: 8th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2009, Bielefeld, Germany, February 25-27, 2009 Revised Selected Papers (pp. 269–280). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sulaiman, S., & Sohaimi, I. S. (2010). An investigation to obtain a simple mobile phone interface for older adults. In 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS) (pp. 1–4). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ICIAS.2010.5716254
   Google Scholar
• van Biljon, J., van Dyk, T., & Gelderblom, H. (2010). Mobile phone adoption: Optimising value for older adults in a developing country. In J. Steyn (Ed.), 4th International IDIA Development Informatics Conference. Cape Town, South Africa: IDIA, Monash University. Retrieved from http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/5396
   Google Scholar
• van Dyk, T., Gelderblom, H., Renaud, K., & van Biljon, J. (2013). Mobile Phones for the Elderly: A design framework. In J. Steyn & A. G. van der Vyver (Eds.), Public and private access to ICTs in developing regions. Proceedings of the 7th International Development Informatics Association Conference (pp. 85–102). Bangkok, Thailand: IDIA, Monash University.
   Google Scholar
• von Wangenheim, C. G., Witt, T. A., Borgatto, A. F., Nunes, J. V., Lacerda, T. C., Krone, C., & de Souza, L. O. (2016). A usability score for mobile phone applications based on heuristics. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 8(1), 23–58. doi:10.4018/IJMHCI.2016010102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waloszek, G. (2010). Interaction design guide for touchscreen applications (experimental). SAP Design Guild, Version 0.5. Retrieved from http://www.sapdesignguild.org/goodies/TSDesignGL/TSDesignGL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Q. (2008). The effects of interface design about mobile phones on older adults’ usage. In 2008 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2008. doi:10.1109/WiCom.2008.2945
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2013). A qualitative study of older adults’ acceptance of new functions on smart phones and tablets. In Rau, P.-L. P. (Ed.), Cross-cultural design. Methods, practice, and case studies (pp. 525–534). Berlin: Springer. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39143-9_59
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2014a). Age-related difference in the use of mobile phones. University Access Information Society, 13(4), 401–413. doi:10.1007/s10209-013-0324-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2014b). Older adults’ text entry on smartphones and tablets: Investigating effects of display size and input method on acceptance and performance. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 30(9), 727–739. doi:10.1080/10447318.2014.924348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2012). Use and design of handheld computers for older adults: A review and appraisal. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 28(12), 799–826. doi:10.1080/10447318.2012.668129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziefle, M. (2010). Information presentation in small screen devices: The trade-off between visual density and menu foresight. Applied Ergonomics, 41(6), 719–730. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziefle, M., & Bay, S. (2005). How older adults meet complexity: Aging effects on the usability of different mobile phones. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(5), 375–389. doi:10.1080/0144929042000320009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziefle, M., & Bay, S. (2006). How to overcome disorientation in mobile phone menus: A comparison of two different types of navigation aids. Human–Computer Interaction, 21(4), 393–433. doi:10.1207/s15327051hci2104_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziefle, M., Künzer, A., & Bodendieck, A. (2004). The impact of user characteristics on the utility of adaptive help systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Work With Computing Systems (pp. 71–76). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Damai Sciences.
   Google Scholar