“Baby, I Can’t Drive My Car”: How Controllability Mediates the Relationship between Personality and the Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles?

References

• Acheampong, R. A., & Cugurullo, F. (2019). Capturing the behavioural determinants behind the adoption of autonomous vehicles: Conceptual frameworks and measurement models to predict public transport, sharing and ownership trends of self-driving cars. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 62, 349–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Kaynar, O., & Fine, A. (2007). The effects of need for cognition on Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 880–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Mor, Y., Wellingstein, T., Landesman, T., & Ophir, Y. (2020). The personal autonomous car: Personality and the driverless car. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 23(4), 242–245. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amichai-Hamburger, Y. A., Sela, Y., Kaufman, S., Wellingstein, T., Stein, N., & Sivan, J. (2022). Personality and the autonomous vehicle: Overcoming psychological barriers to the driverless car. Technology in Society, 69, 101971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• April, K. A., Dharani, B., & Peters, K. (2012). Impact of locus of control expectancy on level of well-being. Review of European Studies, 4, 124.
   Google Scholar
• Arbuckle, J. L. (2013). Amos 22 user’s guide. SPSS.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, T. A., Boisvert, D., Wells, J., & Lewis, R. (2020). Extending Steinberg’s adolescent model of risk taking to the explanation of crime and delinquency: Are impulsivity and sensation seeking enough? Personality and Individual Differences, 165, 110133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
   Google Scholar
• Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta‐analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A., Deckers, T., Dohmen, T., Falk, T., & Kosse, F. (2012). The relationship between economic preferences and psychological personality measures. Working Paper No. 6470. CESifo, Bonn.
   Google Scholar
• Blut, M., Wang, C., & Schoefer, K. (2016). Factors influencing the acceptance of self-service technologies: A meta-analysis. Journal of Service Research, 19(4), 396–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670516662352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger, M. J., & Cooper, M. H. (1979). The desirability of control. Motivation and Emotion, 3(4), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994052
   Google Scholar
• Choi, J. K., & Ji, Y. G. (2015). Investigating the importance of trust on adopting an autonomous vehicle. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(10), 692–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1070549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deck, C., Lee, J., Reyes, J., & Rosen, C. (2012). Risk-taking behavior: An experimental analysis of individuals and dyads. Southern Economic Journal, 79(2), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.4284/0038-4038-2010.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckoldt, K., Knobel, M., Hassenzahl, M., & Schumann, J. (2012). An experiential perspective on advanced driver assistance systems. itit, 54(4), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1524/itit.2012.0678
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 286–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fricker, R. D. (2016). Sampling methods for online surveys. The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods, 12(3), 184–202.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, B., & Abraham, C. (2007). What drives car use? A grounded theory analysis of commuters’ reasons for driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2006.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebhardt, W. A., & Brosschot, J. F. (2002). Desirability of control: Psychometric properties and relationships with locus of control, personality, coping, and mental and somatic complaints in three Dutch samples. European Journal of Personality, 16(6), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-Commerce and the importance of social presence: Experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega, 32(6), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2004.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamburger, Y. A., Sela, Y., Kaufman, S., Wellingstein, T., Stein, N., & Sivan, J. (2022). Personality and the autonomous vehicle: Overcoming psychological barriers to the driverless car. Technology in Society, 69, 101971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegner, S. M., Beldad, A. D., & Brunswick, G. J. (2019). In automatic we trust: Investigating the impact of trust, control, personality characteristics, and extrinsic and intrinsic motivations on the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(19), 1769–1780. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1572353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrenkind, B., Brendel, A. B., Nastjuk, I., Greve, M., & Kolbe, L. M. (2019). Investigating end-user acceptance of autonomous electric buses to accelerate diffusion. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 74, 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(8), 1357–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00229-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff, K. A., & Bashir, M. (2015). Trust in automation: Integrating empirical evidence on factors that influence trust. Human Factors, 57(3), 407–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720814547570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, J. W., Cruz, I., & Williams, D. (2021). AI, you can drive my car: How we evaluate human drivers vs. self-driving cars. Computers in Human Behavior, 125, 106944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, P., Xu, G., Chen, Y., Shi, Y., & Zhan, F. (2020). The determinants behind the acceptance of autonomous vehicles: A systematic review. Sustainability, 12(5), 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, T., & Joshi, A. (2018). Review of vehicle engine efficiency and emissions. SAE International Journal of Engines, 11(6), 1307–1330. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, M., Mullaart Söderholm, M., Novakazi, F., & Rydström, A. (2021). The decline of user experience in transition from automated driving to manual driving. Information, 12(3), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, K., & Rampersad, G. (2018). Trust in driverless cars: Investigating key factors influencing the adoption of driverless cars. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 48, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye, S. A., Lewis, I., Forward, S., & Delhomme, P. (2020). A priori acceptance of highly automated cars in Australia, France, and Sweden: A theoretically-informed investigation guided by the TPB and UTAUT. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 137, 105441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye, S. A., Somoray, K., Rodwell, D., & Lewis, I. (2021). Users’ acceptance of private automated vehicles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 79, 352–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klauer, S. G., Guo, F., Simons-Morton, B. G., Ouimet, M. C., Lee, S. E., & Dingus, T. A. (2014). Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. The New England Journal of Medicine, 370(1), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1204142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R., Rashidi, T. H., & Rose, J. M. (2016). Preferences for shared autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 69, 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., & de Winter, J. C. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. G., Kim, K. J., Lee, S., & Shin, D. H. (2015). Can autonomous vehicles be safe and trustworthy? Effects of appearance and autonomy of unmanned driving systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(10), 682–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1070547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. G., & Lee, K. M. (2022). Polite speech strategies and their impact on drivers’ trust in autonomous vehicles. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, X., Ge, Y., & Qu, W. (2023). The association between the Big Five personality traits and driving behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 183, 106968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.106968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montag, I., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Internality and externality as correlates of involvement in fatal driving accidents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.3.339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nees, M. A. (2016). Acceptance of self-driving cars. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 60(1), 1449–1453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601332
   Google Scholar
• Nees, M. A., Herwig, K., Quigley, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Relationships among driving styles, desire for control, illusion of control, and self-reported driving behaviors. Traffic Injury Prevention, 22(5), 372–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.1909728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, K., Gohm, C. L., & Dalsky, D. J. (2006). Cognitive tendencies of focusing on positive and negative information. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(6), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oehler, A., & Wedlich, F. (2018). The relationship of extraversion and neuroticism with risk attitude, risk perception, and return expectations. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 11(2), 63–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/npe0000088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oehler, A., Wendt, S., Wedlich, F., & Horn, M. (2018). Investors’ personality influences investment decisions: Experimental evidence on extraversion and neuroticism. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 19(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2017.1366495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özbek, V., Alnıaçık, Ü., Koc, F., Akkılıç, M. E., & Kaş, E. (2014). The impact of personality on technology acceptance: A study on smart phone users. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.073
   Google Scholar
• Payre, W., Cestac, J., & Delhomme, P. (2014). Intention to use a fully automated car: Attitudes and a priori acceptability. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 27, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, W., Sun, H., & Ge, Y. (2021). The effects of trait anxiety and the big five personality traits on self-driving car acceptance. Transportation, 48(5), 2663–2679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10143-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammstedt, B., Kemper, C. J., Klein, M. C., Beierlein, C., & Kovaleva, A. (2013). A short scale for assessing the big five dimensions of personality: 10 Item big five inventory (BFI-10). Methods, Data, Analyses, 7(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2013.013
   Google Scholar
• Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Mehta, R., Tamilselvan, G., Anania, E. C., & Milner, M. N. (2021). Identifying the factors that predict a consumer’s willingness to ride in various types of driverless vehicles. Technology in Society, 64, 101476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., & Knafo, A. (2002). The big five personality factors and personal values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rödel, C., Stadler, S., Meschtscherjakov, A., & Tscheligi, M. (2014). Towards autonomous cars: The effect of autonomy levels on acceptance and user experience [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 1–8). ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Rudin-Brown, C. M., & Parker, H. A. (2004). Behavioural adaptation to adaptive cruise control (ACC): Implications for preventive strategies. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(2), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2004.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoettle, B., Sivak, M. (2014). A survey of public opinion about autonomous and self-driving vehicles in the US, the UK, and Australia. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/108384/103024.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar
• Schwebel, D. C., Severson, J., Ball, K. K., & Rizzo, M. (2006). Individual difference factors in risky driving: The roles of anger/hostility, conscientiousness, and sensation-seeking. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 38(4), 801–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabanpour, R., Golshani, N., Shamshiripour, A., & Mohammadian, A. K. (2018). Eliciting preferences for adoption of fully automated vehicles using best-worst analysis. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 93, 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.06.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skippon, S. M., Kinnear, N., Lloyd, L., & Stannard, J. (2016). How experience of use influences mass-market drivers’ willingness to consider a battery electric vehicle: A randomised controlled trial. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 92, 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolensky, M. H., Di Milia, L., Ohayon, M. M., & Philip, P. (2011). Sleep disorders, medical conditions, and road accident risk. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 43(2), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svendsen, G. B., Johnsen, J. A. K., Almås-Sørensen, L., & Vittersø, J. (2013). Personality and technology acceptance: The influence of personality factors on the core constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(4), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.553740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syahrivar, J., Gyulavári, T., Jászberényi, M., Ásványi, K., Kökény, L., & Chairy, C. (2021). Surrendering personal control to automation: Appalling or appealing? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 80, 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.03.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tussyadiah, I. P., Zach, F., & Wang, J. (2017). Attitudes toward autonomous on demand mobility system: The case of self-driving taxi. In R. Schegg & B. Stangl (Eds.), Information & communication technologies in tourism (pp. 755–766). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Vlassenroot, S., Brookhuis, K., Marchau, V., & Witlox, F. (2010). Towards defining a unified concept for the acceptability of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS): A conceptual analysis based on the case of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(3), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Zhou, H., Xi, H., & Wu, N. (2021). Analysing public acceptance of autonomous buses based on an extended TAM model. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 15(10), 1318–1330. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen, K. F., Huyen, D. T. K., Wang, X., & Qi, G. (2020). Factors influencing the adoption of shared autonomous vehicles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., Tao, D., Qu, X., Zhang, X., Lin, R., & Zhang, W. (2019). The roles of initial trust and perceived risk in public’s acceptance of automated vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 98, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.11.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V. PsycTESTS Dataset.
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M. (2007). Sensation seeking and risky behavior. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar