The Effects of Degrees of Freedom and Field of View on Motion Sickness in a Virtual Reality Context

References

• Akiduki, H., Nishiike, S., Watanabe, H., Matsuoka, K., Kubo, T., & Takeda, N. (2003). Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 340(3), 197–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00098-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ansi, A. M., Jaboob, M., Garad, A., & Al-Ansi, A. (2023). Analyzing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) recent development in education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532
   Google Scholar
• Appelhans, B. M., & Luecken, L. J. (2008). Heart rate variability and pain: Associations of two interrelated homeostatic processes. Biological Psychology, 77(2), 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlt, J., Jahn, H., Kellner, M., Ströhle, A., Yassouridis, A., & Wiedemann, K. (2003). Modulation of sympathetic activity by corticotropin-releasing hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide. Neuropeptides, 37(6), 362–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2003.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atsikpasi, P., & Fokides, E. (2022). A scoping review of the educational uses of 6DoF HMDs. Virtual Reality, 26(1), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00556-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badilini, F., Maison‐blanche, P. I. E. R. R. E., & Coumel, P. (1998). Heart rate variability in passive tilt test: Comparative evaluation of autoregressive and FFT spectral analyses. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE, 21(5), 1122–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00159.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahit, M., Wibirama, S., Nugroho, H. A., Wijayanto, T., & Winadi, M. N. (2016, October). Investigation of visual attention in day-night driving simulator during cybersickness occurrence. In 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2016.7863260
   Google Scholar
• Beckers, F., Verheyden, B., Ramaekers, D., Swynghedauw, B., & Aubert, A. E. (2006). Effects of autonomic blockade on non‐linear cardiovascular variability indices in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 33(5–6), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04384.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, A. M., Mainardi, L., Petrucci, E., Signorini, M. G., Mainardi, M., & Cerutti, S. (1993). Time-variant power spectrum analysis for the detection of transient episodes in HRV signal. IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering, 40(2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.212067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bin Karjanto, J., Md. Yusof, N., Wang, C., Delbressine, F., Rauterberg, M., Terken, J., & Martini, A. (2017, September). Situation awareness and motion sickness in automated vehicle driving experience: A preliminary study of peripheral visual information. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct (pp. 57–61). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3131726.3131745
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, D. A., & McMahan, R. P. (2007). Virtual reality: How much immersion is enough? Computer Magazine. 40(7), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2007.257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camm, A., Malik, M., Bigger, J., Breithardt, G., Cerutti, S., Cohen, R., Coumel, P., Fallen, E., Kennedy, H., & Kleiger, R. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation, 93, 1043–1065. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu, M., Cappi, C., Patrone, V., Repetto, E., Giusti, M., Minuto, F., & Murialdo, G. (2005). Sympatho-vagal control of heart rate variability in patients treated with suppressive doses of L-thyroxine for thyroid cancer. European Journal of Endocrinology, 152(6), 819–824. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.01918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekera, T., Fernando, K., & Puig, L. (2019). Effect of degrees of freedom on the sense of presence generated by virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display systems: A case study on the use of VR in early design studios. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 47(4), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239518824862
   Google Scholar
• Chang, E., Kim, H. T., & Yoo, B. (2020). Virtual reality sickness: A review of causes and measurements. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(17), 1658–1682. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1778351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chardonnet, J. R., Mirzaei, M. A., & Mérienne, F. (2017). Features of the postural sway signal as indicators to estimate and predict visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 33(10), 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1286767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chemla, D., Young, J., Badilini, F., Maison-Blanche, P., Affres, H., Lecarpentier, Y., & Chanson, P. (2005). Comparison of fast Fourier transform and autoregressive spectral analysis for the study of heart rate variability in diabetic patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 104(3), 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. L., Chiu, H. W., Tseng, Y. J., & Chu, W. C. (2006). Hyperthyroidism is characterized by both increased sympathetic and decreased vagal modulation of heart rate: Evidence from spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Clinical Endocrinology, 64(6), 611–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02514.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, H. J., & Kim, G. J. (2022). RideVR: Reducing sickness for in-car virtual reality by mixed-in presentation of motion flow information. IEEE Access, 10, 34003–34011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3162221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifton, J., & Palmisano, S. (2020). Effects of steering locomotion and teleporting on cybersickness and presence in HMD-based virtual reality. Virtual Reality, 24(3), 453–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-019-00407-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobb, S. V., Nichols, S., Ramsey, A., & Wilson, J. R. (1999). Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Cid, D. A., Larranaga, D., Leitao, M., Mosher, R. L., Berzenski, S. R., Gandhi, V., & Drew, S. A. (2021). Exploratory factor analysis and validity of the virtual reality symptom questionnaire and computer use survey. Ergonomics, 64(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2020.1820083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dongas, R., & Grace, K. (2023). Designing to leverage presence in VR rhythm games. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 7(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020018
   Google Scholar
• Doweck, I., Gordon, C. R., Shlitner, A., Spitzer, O., Gonen, A., Binah, O., Melamed, Y., & Shupak, A. (1997). Alterations in R–R variability associated with experimental motion sickness. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 67(1–2), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00090-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duh, H. L., Lin, J. W., Kenyon, R. V., Parker, D. E., & Furness, T. A. (2001, March). Effects of field of view on balance in an immersive environment. In Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality 2001 (pp. 235–240). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2001.913791
   Google Scholar
• Emery, W., & Camps, A. (2017). Optical imaging systems. In W. Emery & A. Camps (Eds.), Introduction to satellite remote sensing: Atmosphere, ocean, land and cryosphere applications (pp. 85–130). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809254-5.00003-8
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes, A. S., & Feiner, S. K. (2016, March). Combating VR sickness through subtle dynamic field-of-view modification. In 2016 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), (pp. 201–210). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2016.7460053
   Google Scholar
• Golding, J. F. (1998). Motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire revised and its relationship to other forms of sickness. Brain Research Bulletin, 47(5), 507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00091-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golding, J. F. (2006). Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gusev, D. A., Whittinghill, D. M., & Yong, J. (2016). A simulator to study the effects of color and color blindness on motion sickness in virtual reality using head-mounted displays. In Mobile and wireless technologies 2016 (pp. 197–204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1409-3_22
   Google Scholar
• Holmes, S. R., & Griffin, M. J. (2001). Correlation between heart rate and the severity of motion sickness caused by optokinetic stimulation. Journal of Psychophysiology, 15(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.15.1.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins, C. W., Jr., & Kennedy, R. S. (1965). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAST HISTORY OF MOTION SICKNESS AND ATTRITION FROM FLIGHT TRAINING. Naval School of Aviation Medicine Pensacola Fla.
   Google Scholar
• Jang, K. M., Kwon, M., Nam, S. G., Kim, D., & Lim, H. K. (2022). Estimating objective (EEG) and subjective (SSQ) cybersickness in people with susceptibility to motion sickness. Applied Ergonomics, 102, 103731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, W., Laurijssen, D., Daems, W., & Steckel, J. (2019). Automatic calibration of a six-degrees-of-freedom pose estimation system. IEEE Sensors Journal, 19(19), 8824–8831. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2921644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, Z., Wang, D., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The effect of virtual reality game teaching technology on students’ immersion. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 18(08), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i08.37825
   Google Scholar
• Jost, T. A., Drewelow, G., Koziol, S., & Rylander, J. (2019). A quantitative method for evaluation of 6 degree of freedom virtual reality systems. Journal of Biomechanics, 97, 109379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, M., Sakai, T., Yabe, K., Miyamura, M., & Soya, H. (2004). Gastric myoelectrical activity increases after moderate-intensity exercise with no meals under suppressed vagal nerve activity. The Japanese Journal of Physiology, 54(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.54.221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kay, S. M., & Marple, S. L. (1981). Spectrum analysis—a modern perspective. Proceedings of the IEEE, 69(11), 1380–1419. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1981.12184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazemi, R., & Lee, S. C. (2023). Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) evaluation in the virtual reality environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2227835
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, R. S., Drexler, J., & Kennedy, R. C. (2010). Research in visually induced motion sickness. Applied Ergonomics, 41(4), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2009.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N. E., Berbaum, K. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1993). Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(3), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0303_3
   Google Scholar
• Keshavarz, B., Peck, K., Rezaei, S., & Taati, B. (2022). Detecting and predicting visually induced motion sickness with physiological measures in combination with machine learning techniques. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 176, 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, A., Lee, J. E., & Lee, K. M. (2022, October). An investigation on the relationship between cybersickness and heart rate variability when navigating a virtual environment. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) (pp. 794–797). IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H. K., Park, J., Choi, Y., & Choe, M. (2018). Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ): Motion sickness measurement index in a virtual reality environment. Applied Ergonomics, 69, 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Kim, W., Ahn, S., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2018, May). Virtual reality sickness predictor: Analysis of visual-vestibular conflict and VR contents. In 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/QoMEX.2018.8463413
   Google Scholar
• Kuppusamy, M., Kamaldeen, D., Pitani, R., Amaldas, J., Ramasamy, P., Shanmugam, P., & Vijayakumar, V. (2020). Effects of yoga breathing practice on heart rate variability in healthy adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Integrative Medicine Research, 9(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2017). A study on immersion and VR sickness in walking interaction for immersive virtual reality applications. Symmetry, 9(5), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9050078
   Google Scholar
• Li, Z. M. (2006). Functional degrees of freedom. Motor Control, 10(4), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.10.4.301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, C. Y., Tai, S. K., Chen, R. C., & Hendry, H. (2020). Using EEG and deep learning to predict motion sickness under wearing a virtual reality device. IEEE Access, 8, 126784–126796. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3008165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. L., Jung, T. P., Chuang, S. W., Duann, J. R., Lin, C. T., & Chiu, T. W. (2013). Self-adjustments may account for the contradictory correlations between HRV and motion-sickness severity. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 87(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. T., Chuang, S. W., Chen, Y. C., Ko, L. W., Liang, S. F., & Jung, T. P. (2007, August). EEG effects of motion sickness induced in a dynamic virtual reality environment. In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 3872–3875). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353178
   Google Scholar
• Lin, C. T., Lin, C. L., Chiu, T. W., Duann, J. R., & Jung, T. P. (2011, August). Effect of respiratory modulation on relationship between heart rate variability and motion sickness. In 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 1921–1924). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090543
   Google Scholar
• Lin, J. W., Duh, H. B. L., Parker, D. E., Abi-Rached, H., & Furness, T. A. (2002, March). Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment. In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2002 (pp. 164–171). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2002.996519
   Google Scholar
• Lipponen, J. A., & Tarvainen, M. P. (2019). A robust algorithm for heart rate variability time series artefact correction using novel beat classification. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 43(3), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/03091902.2019.1640306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madden, K. M., W. C., Levy, & J. R., Stratton. (2008). Aging affects the response of heart rate variability autonomic indices to atropine and isoproteronol. Clinical Medicine Insights. Geriatrics, 1, 17.
   Google Scholar
• Malińska, M., Zużewicz, K., Bugajska, J., & Grabowski, A. (2015). Heart rate variability (HRV) during virtual reality immersion. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE, 21(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1017964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marple, S. L., Jr., & Carey, W. M. (1989). Digital spectral analysis with applications. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86(5), 2043–2043. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.398548
   Google Scholar
• Money, K. E. (1970). Motion sickness. Physiological Reviews, 50(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1970.50.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdin, L., Golding, J., & Bronstein, A. (2011). Managing motion sickness. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 343, d7430. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7430
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng, A. K., Chan, L. K., & Lau, H. Y. (2020). A study of cybersickness and sensory conflict theory using a motion-coupled virtual reality system. Displays, 61, 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2019.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiike, S., Okazaki, S., Watanabe, H., Akizuki, H., Imai, T., Uno, A., Kitahara, T., Horii, A., Takeda, N., & Inohara, H. (2013). The effect of visual-vestibulosomatosensory conflict induced by virtual reality on postural stability in humans. The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, 60(3–4), 236–239. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.60.236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohyama, S., Nishiike, S., Watanabe, H., Matsuoka, K., Akizuki, H., Takeda, N., & Harada, T. (2007). Autonomic responses during motion sickness induced by virtual reality. Auris, Nasus, Larynx, 34(3), 303–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2007.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., & Lee, G. (2020). Full-immersion virtual reality: Adverse effects related to static balance. Neuroscience Letters, 733, 134974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., Ha, J., & Kim, L. (2022). Effect of visually induced motion sickness from head-mounted display on cardiac activity. Sensors, 22(16), 6213. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., Won, M. J., Mun, S., Lee, E. C., & Whang, M. (2014). Does visual fatigue from 3D displays affect autonomic regulation and heart rhythm? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 92(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, S. M., Furuichi, E., & Ferris, D. P. (2018). Effects of virtual reality high heights exposure during beam-walking on physiological stress and cognitive loading. PloS One, 13(7), e0200306. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichon, A., Roulaud, M., Antoine-Jonville, S., de Bisschop, C., & Denjean, A. (2006). Spectral analysis of heart rate variability: Interchangeability between autoregressive analysis and fast Fourier transform. Journal of Electrocardiology, 39(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2005.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouke, M., Tiiro, A., LaValle, S. M., & Ojala, T. (2018, March). Effects of visual realism and moving detail on cybersickness. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) (pp. 665–666). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2018.8446078
   Google Scholar
• Previc, F. H. (1993). Do the organs of the labyrinth differentially influence the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 17(4), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80116-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyun, K. R., Rogers, J. A., & Ko, S. H. (2022). Materials and devices for immersive virtual reality. Nature Reviews. Materials, 7(11), 841–843. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00501-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragan, E. D., Bowman, D. A., Kopper, R., Stinson, C., Scerbo, S., & McMahan, R. P. (2015). Effects of field of view and visual complexity on virtual reality training effectiveness for a visual scanning task. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 21(7), 794–807. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2015.2403312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranasinghe, N., Jain, P., Tolley, D., Karwita Tailan, S., Yen, C. C., & Do, E. Y. L. (2020, October). Exploring the use of olfactory stimuli towards reducing visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (pp. 1–9). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3385959.3418451
   Google Scholar
• Riaz, W., Khan, Z. Y., Jawaid, A., & Shahid, S. (2021). Virtual reality (VR)-based environmental enrichment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005). From presence to consciousness through virtual reality. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 6(4), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardar, S. K., Lim, C. H., Yoon, S. H., & Lee, S. C. (2023). Ergonomic risk assessment of manufacturing works in virtual reality context. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2201558
   Google Scholar
• Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwind, V., Knierim, P., Haas, N., & Henze, N. (2019, May). Using presence questionnaires in virtual reality. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–12). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300590
   Google Scholar
• Selvaraj, N., Jaryal, A., Santhosh, J., Deepak, K. K., & Anand, S. (2008). Assessment of heart rate variability derived from finger-tip photoplethysmography as compared to electrocardiography. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 32(6), 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/03091900701781317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Setiowati, N. O., Wijayanto, T., & Trapsilawati, F. (2020). Identifying cybersickness when wearing a head-mounted display through heart rate variability data. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 885(1), 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/885/1/012069
   Google Scholar
• Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J. P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-Aho, P. O., & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV–heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 113(1), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira, J., & Palmisano, S. (2021). Effects of dynamic field-of-view restriction on cybersickness and presence in HMD-based virtual reality. Virtual Reality, 25(2), 433–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-020-00466-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treleaven, J., Battershill, J., Cole, D., Fadelli, C., Freestone, S., Lang, K., & Sarig-Bahat, H. (2015). Simulator sickness incidence and susceptibility during neck motion-controlled virtual reality tasks. Virtual Reality, 19(3–4), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-015-0266-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widyanti, A., & Hafizhah, H. N. (2022). The influence of personality, sound, and content difficulty on virtual reality sickness. Virtual Reality, 26(2), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00525-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., & Suma Rosenberg, E. (2022, November). Adaptive field-of-view restriction: Limiting optical flow to mitigate cybersickness in virtual reality. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (pp. 1–11). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3562939.3565611
   Google Scholar
• Yeo, S. S., Kwon, J. W., & Park, S. Y. (2022). EEG-based analysis of various sensory stimulation effects to reduce visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 18043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21307-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota, Y., Aoki, M., Mizuta, K., Ito, Y., & Isu, N. (2005). Motion sickness susceptibility associated with visually induced postural instability and cardiac autonomic responses in healthy subjects. Acta oto-laryngologica, 125(3), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016480510003192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L. L., Wang, J. Q., Qi, R. R., Pan, L. L., Li, M., & Cai, Y. L. (2016). Motion sickness: Current knowledge and recent advance. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 22(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, D., Yamada, H., Muto, T., Huang, H., Gong, W., & Xia, Y. (2002). 6 DOF presentation of realistic motion in operating a construction tele-robot system. In Proceedings of the JFPS international symposium on fluid power (Vol. 2002, No. 5–2, pp. 507–512). The Japan Fluid Power System Society. https://doi.org/10.5739/isfp.2002.507
   Google Scholar