From a Morning Forest to a Sunset Beach: Understanding Visual Experiences and the Roles of Personal Characteristics for Designing Relaxing Digital Nature

References

• Ahmaniemi, T., Lindholm, H., Muller, K., & Taipalus, T. (2017). Virtual reality experience as a stress recovery solution in workplace [Paper presentation]. 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC), 206–209. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSC.2017.8268179
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, A. P., Mayer, M. D., Fellows, A. M., Cowan, D. R., Hegel, M. T., & Buckey, J. C. (2017). Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 88(6), 520–526. https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.4747.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. L., Monroy, M., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe in nature heals: Evidence from military veterans, at-risk youth, and college students. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 18(8), 1195–1202. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleton, J. (1975). The experience of landscape. John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne, D. E. (1971). Aesthetics and psychobiology. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
   Google Scholar
• Bogar, S., & Beyer, K. M. (2016). Green space, violence, and crime: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 17(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015576412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brancato, G., Van Hedger, K., Berman, M. G., & Van Hedger, S. C. (2022). Simulated nature walks improve psychological well-being along a natural to urban continuum. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratman, G. N., Daily, G. C., Levy, B. J., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clark, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Browning, M. H. E. M., Mimnaugh, K. J., van Riper, C. J., Laurent, H. K., & LaValle, S. M. (2019). Can simulated nature support mental health? Comparing short, single-doses of 360-degree nature videos in virtual reality with the outdoors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(January), 2667. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02667
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Browning, W. D., & Ryan, C. O. (2020). What is biophilia and what does it mean for buildings and spaces? In Nature inside: A biophilic design guide (pp. 1–5). RIBA Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (3rd ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, R. (1994). On emotion, mood, and related affective constructs. In P. Ekman & Davidson RJ (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 51–55). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Desmet, P. M. A. (2012). Faces of product pleasure: 25 positive emotions in human-product interactions. International Journal of Design, 6(2), 1–29. https://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1190/459
   Google Scholar
• Desmet, P. M. A., Bastenburg, M. H., Van Bel, D., & Romero, N. (2012). Pick-A-Mood: Development and application of a pictorial mood reporting instrument. In J. Brassett, J. McDonnell, & M. Malpass (Eds.), Proceedings of 8th International Design and Emotion Conference London 2012 (Issue September (pp. 11–14). Central Saint Martins College of Art & Design.
   Google Scholar
• Desmet, P. M. A., & Hekkert, P. (2007). Framework of product experience. International Journal of Design, 1(1), 57–66. https://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/66/15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y., Yu, S., Van De Mortel, D., Barakova, E., Hu, J., & Rauterberg, M. (2019). LiveNature: Ambient display and social robot-facilitated multi-sensory engagement for people with dementia [Paper presentation]. Designing Interactive Systems (DIS’19), 1321–1333. https://doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322331
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. (1994). Varieties of affect: Emotions and episodes, moods, and sentiments. In P. Ekman & R. Davison (Eds.), The nature of emotions: Fundamental questions (pp. 197–202). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gascon, M., Triguero-Mas, M., Martinez, D., Dadvand, P., Forns, J., Plasencia, A., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2015). Mental health benefits of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(4), 4354–4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120404354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigsby-Toussaint, D. S., Turi, K. N., Krupa, M., Williams, N. J., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., & Jean-Louis, G. (2015). Sleep insufficiency and the natural environment: Results from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Preventive Medicine, 78, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hekkert, P. (2006). Design aesthetics: Principles of pleasure in design. Psychology Science, 48(2), 157–172.https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/16149947/2006/00000048/00000002/art00004
   Google Scholar
• Hung, P.-K., Liang, R.-H., Ma, S.-Y., & Kong, B.-W. (2022). Exploring the experience of traveling to familiar places in VR: An empirical study using google earth VR. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2114141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joye, Y., & van den Berg, A. (2011). Is love for green in our genes? A critical analysis of evolutionary assumptions in restorative environments research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 10(4), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellert, S. R. (2008). Dimensions, elements, and attributes of biophilic design. In Biophilic design: The theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life (pp. 3–19).
   Google Scholar
• Kellert, S. R. (2018). Nature by design: The practice of biophilic design. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, C. M., van Rompay, T., & Ludden, G. (2022). “What makes you feel relaxed in nature ?”: Exploring nature-based stimuli as inspiration for designing relaxing experiences [Paper presentation]. DRS2022: Bilbao. DRS, In D. Lockton, S. Lenzi, P. Hekkert, A. Oak, J. Sadaba, & P. Lloyd (Eds.). https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.454
   Google Scholar
• Kjellgren, A., & Buhrkall, H. (2010). A comparison of the restorative effect of a natural environment with that of a simulated natural environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuijsters, A., Redi, J., de Ruyter, B., & Heynderickx, I. (2015). Lighting to make you feel better: Improving the mood of elderly people with affective ambiences. PLoS One, 10(7), e0132732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lechtzin, N., Busse, A. M., Smith, M. T., Grossman, S., Nesbit, S., & Diette, G. B. (2010). A Randomized trial of nature scenery and sounds versus urban scenery and sounds to reduce pain in adults undergoing bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 16(9), 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, G. Y. S., Hazan, H., & Chan, C. S. (2022). Exposure to nature in immersive virtual reality increases connectedness to nature among people with low nature affinity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101863
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Morimoto, K., Kobayashi, M., Inagaki, H., Katsumata, M., Hirata, Y., Hirata, K., Suzuki, H., Li, Y. J., Wakayama, Y., Kawada, T., Park, B. J., Ohira, T., Matsui, N., Kagawa, T., Miyazaki, Y., & Krensky, A. M. (2008). Visiting a forest, but not a city, increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology, 21(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/039463200802100113
   Google Scholar
• Ludden, G. D. S., & van Rompay, T. J. L. (2015). How does it feel? Exploring touch on different levels of product experience. Journal of Engineering Design, 26(4-6), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2015.1036011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas, J., Dillen, S. M. E., Van, Verheij, R. A., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009). Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health & Place, 15(2), 586–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malbos, E., Rapee, R. M., & Kavakli, M. (2013). Creation of interactive virtual environments for exposure therapy through game-level editors: Comparison and tests on presence and anxiety. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(12), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2013.796438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltha, J. (2022, October 11). Philips Ambient Experience solution at Children’s Medical Center Dallas helps calm young patients with behavioral health issues. https://www.philips.com/a-w/about/news/archive/standard/news/press/2022/20221011-philips-ambient-experience-solution-at-children-s-medical-center-dallas-helps-calm-young-patients-with-behavioral-health-issues-winning-multiple-design-awards.html
   Google Scholar
• Newbold, J. W., Luton, J., Cox, A. L., & Gould, S. J. J. (2017). Using nature-based soundscapes to support task performance and mood [Paper presentation]. CHI’17 Extended Abstracts, 2802–2809. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053214
   Google Scholar
• Nisbet, E. K., & Zelenski, J. M. (2013). The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(NOV), 813. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00813
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2009). The nature relatedness scale: linking individuals’ connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 715–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508318748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, D. (2004). Emotional design. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• O’Meara, A., Cassarino, M., Bolger, A., & Setti, A. (2020). Virtual reality nature exposure and test anxiety. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 4(4), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti4040075
   Google Scholar
• Orians, G. H., & Heerwagen, J. H. (1992). Evolved responses to landscape. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 555–579). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P., Briner, R., & Reynords, S. (1996). Changing moods: The psychology of mood and mood regulation. Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Radikovic, A. S., Leggett, J. J., Keyser, J., & Ulrich, R. S. (2005). Artificial Window View of Nature [Paper presentation]. Chi, 1993–1996. https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1057075
   Google Scholar
• Regan, C. L., & Horn, S. A. (2005). To nature or not to nature: Associations between environmental preferences, mood states and demographic factors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman, M., Peetz, J., & Davydenko, M. (2017). The impact of immersive technology on nature relatedness and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Media Psychology, 29(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangenberger, P., Geiger, S. M., & Freytag, S.-C. (2022). Becoming nature: Effects of embodying a tree in immersive virtual reality on nature relatedness. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05184-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spano, G., Theodorou, A., Reese, G., Carrus, G., Sanesi, G., & Panno, A. (2023). Virtual nature and psychological and psychophysiological outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 89, 102044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102044
   Google Scholar
• Thayer, R. E. (2001). Calm energy. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R. S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research, 4(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397908705892
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R. S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes: Some psychophysiological effects. Environment and Behavior, 13(5), 523–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916581135001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R. S. (1983). Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. In Behavior and the natural environment (pp. 85–125). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_4
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science (New York, N.Y.), 224(4647), 420–421. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6143402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M. A., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veling, W., Lestestuiver, B., Jongma, M., Hoenders, H. J. R., & van Driel, C. (2021). Virtual reality relaxation for patients with a psychiatric disorder: Crossover randomized controlled trial corresponding author.  Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e17233. https://doi.org/10.2196/17233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vella, K., Esteban, M., Ploderer, B., & Brereton, M. (2022). Networked Gardens: Remediating Local Nature Data Through the Internet of Things [Paper presentation]. Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS’22), 1597–1611. https://doi.org/10.1145/3532106.3533497
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. (2020). Humor and camera view on mobile short-form video apps influence user experience and technology-adoption intent, an example of TikTok (DouYin). Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674045231
   Google Scholar
• Xue, H., Desmet, P. M. A., & Fokkinga, S. F. (2020). Mood granularity for design: Introducing a holistic typology of 20 mood states. International Journal of Design, 14(1), 1–18. www.ijdesign.org, Retrieved from https://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/3578/891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, W., Schröder, T., & Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and sustainability: A critical review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar