Control of off-flavor compounds in a full-scale recirculating aquaculture system rearing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

References

• Alasri, A., C. Roques, G. Michel, C. Cabassu, and P. Aptel. 1992. Bactericidal properties of peracetic-acid and hydrogen-peroxide, alone and in combination, and chlorine and formaldehyde against bacterial wastewater. Canadian Journal of Microbioly 38:635–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1139/m92-104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auffret, M., A. Pilote, E. Proulx, D. Proulx, G. Vandenberg, and R. Villemur. 2011. Establishment of a real-time PCR method for quantification of geosmin-producing Streptomyces spp. in recirculating aquaculture systems. Water Research 45:6753–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auffret, M., E. Yergeau, A. Pilote, É. Proulx, D. Proulx, C. W. Greer, G. Vandenberg, and R. Villemur. 2013. Impact of water quality on the bacterial populations and off-flavours in recirculating aquaculture systems. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 84:235–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azbar, N., T. Yonar, and K. Kestioglu. 2004. Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes and chemical treatment methods for COD and color removal from a polyester and acetate fiber dyeing effluent. Chemosphere 55:35–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, D., P. Westerhoff, and A. Brawley-Chesworth. 2002. Removal of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in surface water treatment plants in Arizona. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA 51:183–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2002.0016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalsgaard, J., I. Lund, R. Thorarinsdottir, A. Drengstig, K. Arvonen, and P. Bovbjerg Pedersen. 2013. Farming different species in RAS in Nordic countries: Current status and future perspectives. Aquacultural Engineering 53:2–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, J., K. Schrader, E. Ruan, B. Swift, J. Aalhus, M. Juarez, W. Wolters, G. Burr, C. Good, and S. T. Summerfelt. 2014. Evaluation of depuration procedures to mitigate the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar raised to market-size in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 61:27–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickschat, J. S., H. B. Bode, T. Mahmud, R. Müller, and S. Schulz. 2005. A novel type of geosmin biosynthesis in myxobacteria. Journal of Organic Chemistry 70:5174–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/jo050449g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake, S. L., M. A. Drake, R. Sanderson, H. V. Daniels, and M. D. Yates. 2010. The effect of purging time on the sensory properties of aquacultured southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Journal of Sensory Studies 25:246–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2009.00255.x.
   Google Scholar
• Flores, M. J., M. R. Lescano, R. J. Brandi, A. E. Cassano, and M. D. Labas. 2014. A novel approach to explain the inactivation mechanism of Escherichia coli employing a commercially available peracetic acid. Water Science and Technology 69:358–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, N. N. 1968. Geosmin from microorganisms in trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol. Tetrahedron Letters 25:2971–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89625-2.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, N. N. 1969. A volatile metabolite of actinomycetes: 2-methylisoborneol. Journal of Antibiotics 22:508–09. doi:https://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.22.508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gesto, M., D. Liu, L.-F. Pedersen, T. Meinelt, D. L. Straus, and A. Jokumsen. 2018. Confirmation that pulse and continuous peracetic acid administration does not disrupt the acute stress response in rainbow trout. Aquaculture 492:190–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.04.009.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, C. C., S. W. Lloyd, and P. V. Zimba. 2004. Instrumental versus sensory detection of off-flavors in farm-raised channel catfish. Aquaculture 236:309–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman, L., and J. van Rijn. 2008. Identification of conditions underlying production of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in a recirculating system. Aquaculture 279:85–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.03.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathurusingha, P., and K. R. Davey. 2016. Experimental validation of a time-dependent model for chemical taste taint accumulation as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in commercial RAS farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Ecological Modelling 340:17–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.017.
   Google Scholar
• HERTTA. 2020. Environmental information system, Finnish Environment Institute. https://wwwp2.ymparisto.fi/scripts/hearts/welcome.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, L., J.-P., Croué, and G. Newcombe. 2004. The effect of water quality and NOM character on the ozonation of MIB and geosmin. Water Science and Technology 49: 246–255. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0583
   Google Scholar
• Howgate, P. 2004. Tainting of farmed fish by geosmin and 2-methyl-iso-borneol: A review of sensory aspects and of uptake/depuration. Aquaculture 234:155–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, B., S. Fuller, and A. G. Carton. 2013. Earthy‐muddy tainting of cultured barramundi linked to geosmin in tropical northern Australia. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 3:117–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00056.
   Google Scholar
• Klausen, M. M., and O. Grønborg. 2010. Pilot scale testing of advanced oxidation processes for degradation of geosmin and MIB in recirculated aquaculture. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 10:217–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.246.
   Google Scholar
• Koivunen, J., and H. Heinonen-Tanski. 2005. Inactivation of enteric microorganisms with chemical disinfectants, UV irradiation and combined chemical/UV treatments. Water Research 39:1519–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krumins, K., J. M. Ebeling, and F. Wheaton. 2001. Part-day ozonation for nitrogen and organic carbon control in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 24:231–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(01)00061-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindholm-Lehto, P. C., H. Pakkanen, J. Vielma, and R. Alén. 2019b. Depuration of geosmin- and 2-methylisoborneol-induced off-flavors in recirculating aquaculture system farmed European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus. Journal of Food Science and Technology 56:4585–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03910-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindholm-Lehto, P. C., S. Suurnäkki, J. T. Pulkkinen, S. L. Aalto, M. Tiirola, and J. Vielma. 2019a. Effect of peracetic acid on levels of geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, and their potential producers in a recirculating aquaculture system for rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacultural Engineering 85:56–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.02.002.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, D., D. L. Straus, L.-F. Pedersen, and T. Meinelt. 2017. Pulse versus continuous peracetic acid applications: Effects on rainbow trout performance, biofilm formation and water quality. Aquacultural Engineering 77:72–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.03.004.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig, F., A. Medger, H. Börnick, M. Opitz, K. Lang, M. Göttfert, and I. Röske. 2007. Identification and expression analyses of putative sesquiterpene synthase genes in Phormidium sp. and prevalence of geoA-like genes in a drinking water reservoir. Applied Environmental Microbiology 73:6988–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01197-07.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lukassen, M. B., R. Podduturi, B. Rohaan, N. O. G. Jørgensen, and J. L. Nielsen. 2019. Dynamics of geosmin-producing bacteria in a full-scale saltwater recirculated aquaculture system. Aquaculture 500:170–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.008.
   Google Scholar
• Madsen, H. C. K., K. Buchmann, and S. Mellergård. 2000. Treatment of trichodiniasis in eel (Anguilla anguilla) reared in recirculation systems in Denmark: Alternatives to formaldehyde. Aquaculture 186:221–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00379-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, M. A. A., and A. Buettner. 2017. Characterisation of aroma-active and off-odour compounds in German rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Part II: Case of fish meat and skin from earthen-ponds farming. Food Chemistry 232:841–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monarca, S., S. D. Richardson, D. Feretti, M. Grottolo, A. D. Thruston, C. Zani, G. Navazio, P. Ragazzo, I. Zerbini, and A. Alberti. 2002. Mutagenicity and disinfection by-products in surface drinking water disinfected with peracetic acid. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:309–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natural Resources Institute Finland 86/2019. Accessed February 19, 2020. https://stat.luke.fi/sites/default/files/luke-luobio_86_2019_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Neyens, E., J. Baeyens, M. Weemas, and B. De Heyder. 2002. Advanced biosolids treatment using H2O2 oxidation. Environmental Engineering Science 19:27–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/109287502753590214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., P. K. Kim, T. Lim, and H. V. Daniels. 2013. Ozonation in seawater recirculating systems for black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker): Effects on solids, bacteria, water clarity, and color. Aquacultural Engineering 55:1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.01.002.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, L.-F., and P. B. Pedersen. 2012. Hydrogen peroxide application to a commercial recirculating aquaculture system. Aquacultural Engineering 46:40–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, L.-F., P. B. Pedersen, J. L. Nielsen, and P. H. Nielsen. 2009. Peracetic acid degradation and effects on nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 296:246–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, L.-F., P. B. Pedersen, and O. Sortkjær. 2006. Dose-dependent decomposition rate constants of hydrogen peroxide in small-scale bio filters. Aquacultural Engineering 34:8–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, M. A., G. Hyldig, B. W. Strobel, N. Henriksen, and N. O. G. Jørgensen. 2011. Chemical and sensory quantification of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from recirculated aquacultures in relation to concentrations in basin water. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59:12561–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2033494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podduturi, R., M. A. Petersen, M. Vestergaard, and N. O. G. Jørgensen. 2020. Geosmin fluctuations and potential hotspots for elevated levels in recirculated aquaculture system (RAS): A case study from pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) production in Denmark. Aquaculture 514:734501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734501.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, A., and J. W. S. Scolding. 2016. Direct application of ozone in aquaculture systems. Reviews in Aquaculture 10:424–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12169.
   Google Scholar
• Rach, J. J., T. M. Schreier, G. E. Howe, and S. D. Redman. 1997. Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 59:41–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0041:EOSLSA>2.3.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmadi, P., and Y. R. Kim. 2014. Effects of different levels of ozone on ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon in sterilization of seawater. Desalination and Water Treatment 52:4413–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.803702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, R. F., A. Hammond, K. Jauncey, M. C. M. Beveridge, and L. A. Lawton. 2006. An investigation into the occurrence of geosmin responsible for earthy–musty taints in UK farmed rainbow trout. Onchorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 259:153–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, R. F., K. Jauncey, M. C. M. Beveridge, and L. A. Lawton. 2005. Depuration rates and the sensory threshold concentration of geosmin responsible for earthy–musty taint in rainbow trout. Onchorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 245:89–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.045.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeldt, E. J., K. G. Linden, S. Canonica, and U. von Gunten. 2006. Comparison of the efficiency of ·OH radical formation during ozonation and the advanced oxidation processes O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2. Water research 40: 3695–3704. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.09.008
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeldt, E. J., B. Melcher, and K. G. Linden. 2005. UV and UV/H2O2 treatment of methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin in water. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA 54:423–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.0040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rurangwa, E., and M. C. J. Verdegem. 2015. Microorganisms in recirculating aquaculture systems and their management. Reviews in Aquaculture 7:117–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saez, J. A., and P. R. Bowser. 2001. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in hatchery culture units and effluent during and after treatment. North American Journal of Aquaculture 63:74–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0074:HPCIHC>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarker, P., A. Pilote, M. Auffret, E. Proulx, R. Villemur, M.-H. Deschamps, and G. Vandenberg. 2014. Reducing geosmin off-flavor compounds and waste outputs through dietary phosphorus management in rainbow trout aquaculture. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 6:105–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00119.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, L. J., M. P. Gaikowski, and W. H. Gingerich. 2006. Environmental assessment for the use of hydrogen peroxide in aquaculture for treating external fungal and bacterial diseases of cultured fish and fish eggs. USGS Report, 180 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Schrader, K. K., J. W. Davidson, A. M. Rimando, and S. T. Summerfelt. 2010. Evaluation of ozonation on levels of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 43:46–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrader, K. K., J. W. Davidson, and S. T. Summerfelt. 2013. Evaluation of the impact of nitrate-nitrogen levels in recirculating aquaculture systems on concentrations of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacultural Engineering 57:126–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrader, K. K., and S. T. Summerfelt. 2010. Distribution of off-flavor compounds and isolation of geosmin producing bacteria in a series of water recirculating systems for rainbow trout culture. North American Journal of Aquaculture 72:1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1577/A09-009.1N.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreier, T. M., J. J. Rach, and G. E. Howe. 1996. Efficiency of formalin, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride on fungal-infected rainbow trout eggs. Aquaculture 140:323–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01182-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, M. F., G. L. Bullock, J. A. Hankins, S. T. Summerfelt, and J. A. Mathias. 2000. Effects of selected chemo-therapeutants on nitrification in fluidized-sand biofilters for cold water fish production. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture 1:61–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.21061/ijra.v1i1.1362.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. L., G. L. Boyer, and P. V. Zimba. 2008. A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture. Aquaculture 280:5–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, D. L., T. Meinelt, D. Liu, and L. F. Pedersen. 2018. Toxicity of peracetic acid to fish: Variation among species and impact of water chemistry. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 49:715–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12475C.
   Google Scholar
• Summerfelt, S. T., M. J. Sharrer, S. M. Tsukuda, and M. Gearheart. 2009. Process requirements for achieving full-flow disinfection of recirculating water using ozonation and UV irradiation. Aquacultural Engineering 40:17–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suurnäkki, S., J. T. Pulkkinen, P. C. Lindholm-Lehto, M. Tiirola, and S. L. Aalto. 2020. The effect of peracetic acid on microbial community, water quality, nitrification and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 516:734534. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734534.
   Google Scholar
• Tucker, C. S. 2000. Off-flavor problems in aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8:45–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260091129170.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, R., D. Li, C. X. Jin, and B. W. Yang. 2015. Seasonal occurrence and species specificity of fishy and musty odor in Huajiang Reservoir in winter, China. Water Resources and Industry 11:13–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2015.04.002.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, S. B. 2004. Aquatic taste and odor: A primary signal of drinking-water integrity. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 67:1779–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390490492377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerhoff, P., B. Nalinakumari, and P. Pei. 2006. Kinetics of MIB and geosmin oxidation during ozonation. Ozone: Science & Engineering 28:277–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510600892836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimba, P. V., K. K. Schrader, G. Hyldig, B. W. Strobel, and N. O. G. Jørgensen. 2012. Evaluation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol off-flavour in smoked rainbow trout fillets using instrumental and sensory analyses. Aquaculture Research 43:149–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02795.x.
   Google Scholar