Consumer Attitudes toward Palm Oil: Insights from Focus Group Discussions

References

• Aguiar, L. K., Martinez, D. C., & Caleman, S. M. Q. (2018). Consumer awareness of palm oil as an ingredient in food and non-food products. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 24(3), 297–310. doi:10.1080/10454446.2017.1266559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbour, R. (2007). Doing focus groups. In U. Flick, S. Kvale, M. V. Angrosino, R. S. Barbour, M. Banks, G. Gibbs, & T. Rapley (Eds.), The SAGE qualitative research kit (Vol. 4, pp. 1–174). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Barrios, E. X., & Costell, E. (2004). Review: Use of methods of research into consumers’ opinions and attitudes in food research. Food Science and Technology International, 10(6), 359–371. doi:10.1177/1082013204049386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman, I. J., Fisher, B., Fitzherbert, E., Glew, D., & Naidoo, R. (2010). Tigers, markets and palm oil: Market potential for conservation. Oryx, 44(02), 230. doi:10.1017/S0030605309990901
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Byerlee, D., & Rueda, X. (2015). From public to private standards for tropical commodities: A century of global discourse on land governance on the forest frontier. Forests, 6(4), 1301–1324. doi:10.3390/f6041301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, K. M., Curran, L. M., Ratnasari, D., Pittman, A. M., Soares-Filho, B. S., Asner, G. P., … Rodrigues, H. O. (2012). Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(19), 7559–7564. doi:10.1073/pnas.1200452109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, R., Warnakula, S., Kunutsor, S., Crowe, F., Ward, H. A., Johnson, L., … Di Angelantonio, E. (2014). Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 160(6), 398–406. doi:10.7326/M13-1788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colchester, M. (2016). Do commodity certification systems uphold indigenous peoples’ rights? Lessons from the roundtable on sustainable palm oil and forest stewardship council. IUCN Policy Matters, (21), 149–165.
   Google Scholar
• Cova, B., & D’Antone, S. (2016). Brand iconicity vs. anti-consumption well-being concerns: The Nutella palm oil conflict. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 50(1), 166–192. doi:10.1111/joca.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Antone, S., & Spencer, R. (2015). Organising for sustainable palm oil consumption: A market-based approach. Consumption Markets & Culture, 18(1), 55–71. doi:10.1080/10253866.2014.899217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby, M. R., & Karni, E. (1973). Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. The Journal of Law and Economics, 16(1), 67–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauvergne, P. (2018). The global politics of the business of “sustainable” palm oil. Global Environmental Politics, 18(2), 34–52. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disdier, A. C., Marette, S., & Millet, G. (2013). Are consumers concerned about palm oil?: Evidence from a lab experiment. Food Policy, 43, 180–189. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESPO. (2019). Choosing sustainable palm oil: Progress report on the import and use of sustainable palm oil in Europe. European Sustainable Palm Oil (ESPO). Retrieved from https://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/publication/choosing-sustainable-palm-oil/
   Google Scholar
• Finch, H., & Lewis, J. (2003). Focus groups. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers (pp. 170–198). London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(2), 303. doi:10.1086/209351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaiser, T. J. (2008). Online focus groups. In N. Fielding, R. M. Lee, & G. Blank (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of online research methods (pp. 290–306). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gassler, B., & Spiller, A. (2018). Is it all in the MIX? Consumer preferences for segregated and mass balance certified sustainable palm oil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giam, X., Mani, L., Koh, L. P., & Tan, H. T. W. (2016). Saving tropical forests by knowing what we consume. Conservation Letters, 9(4), 267–274. doi:10.1111/conl.12209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, J. E. (2015). Knowing the subterranean: Land grabbing, oil palm, and divergent expertise in Indonesia’s peat soil. Environment and Planning A, 48(4), 754–770. doi:10.1177/0308518X15599787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G. (2011). Sustainability in the food sector: A consumer behaviour perspective. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 2(3), 207–218.
   Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G., Hieke, S., & Wills, J. (2014). Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use. Food Policy, 44, 177–189. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Namey, E., & McKenna, K. (2017). How many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes. Field Methods, 29(1), 3–22. doi:10.1177/1525822X16639015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillaume, T., Kotowska, M. M., Hertel, D., Knohl, A., Krashevska, V., Murtilaksono, K., … Kuzyakov, Y. (2018). Carbon costs and benefits of Indonesian rainforest conversion to plantations. Nature Communications, 9(1), 2388. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04755-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartmann, C., Hieke, S., Taper, C., & Siegrist, M. (2018). European consumer healthiness evaluation of ‘free-from’ labelled food products. Food Quality and Preference, 68, 377–388. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.12.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iceland Foods Ltd. (2018). Iceland to be the UK’s first major supermarket to remove palm oil from own label food: Collapse in orangutan population provides urgent need for action. Retrieved from https://about.iceland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Iceland-to-be-the-UKs-first-major-supermarket-to-remove-palm-oil-from-own-label-food-10.4.18.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, H. T., Keogh-Brown, M. R., Shankar, B., Aekplakorn, W., Basu, S., Cuevas, S., … Smith, R. D. (2019). Palm oil and dietary change: Application of an integrated macroeconomic, environmental, demographic, and health modelling framework for Thailand. Food Policy, 83, 92–103. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112–133. doi:10.1177/1558689806298224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, L. P., & Wilcove, D. S. (2008). Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity? Conservation Letters, 1(2), 60–64. doi:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00011.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuckartz, U. (2014). Mixed Methods: Methologie, Forschungsdesigns und Analyseverfahren. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien.
   Google Scholar
• Kuckartz, U. (2016). Qualitative inhaltsanalyse: Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterstützung (3rd ed). Grundlagentexte Methoden. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz Juventa.
   Google Scholar
• Lamnek, S. (2010). Qualitative sozialforschung (5th ed.). Weinheim, Basel: Beltz Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, R. K., Osbeck, M., Dawkins, E., Tuhkanen, H., Nguyen, H., Nugroho, A., … Wolvekamp, P. (2018). Hybrid governance in agricultural commodity chains: Insights from implementation of ‘No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation’ (NDPE) policies in the oil palm industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 544–554. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdiarmid, J. I., Douglas, F., & Campbell, J. (2016). Eating like there’s no tomorrow: Public awareness of the environmental impact of food and reluctance to eat less meat as part of a sustainable diet. Appetite, 96, 487–493. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Peñaranda, R., Gasparatos, A., Stromberg, P., Suwa, A., Pandyaswargo, A. H., & Puppim de Oliveira, J. A. (2015). Sustainable production and consumption of palm oil in Indonesia: What can stakeholder perceptions offer to the debate? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 4, 16–35. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2015.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J. J., Allen, P. G., Stevens, T. H., & Weatherhead, D. (2005). A meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in stated preference valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 30(3), 313–325. doi:10.1007/s10640-004-3332-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oil World. (2018). Oil world annual 2018. Hamburg, Germany: ISTA Mielke GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Oosterveer, P. (2015). Promoting sustainable palm oil: Viewed from a global networks and flows perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 146–153. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oringderff, J. (2004). “My Way”: Piloting an online focus group. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(3), 69–75. doi:10.1177/160940690400300305
   Google Scholar
• Ostfeld, R., Howarth, D., Reiner, D., & Krasny, P. (2019). Peeling back the label—Exploring sustainable palm oil ecolabelling and consumption in the United Kingdom. Environmental Research Letters, 14(1), 14001. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaf0e4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pye, O. (2019). Commodifying sustainability: Development, nature and politics in the palm oil industry. World Development, 121, 218–228. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raynaud, J., Fobelets, V., Georgieva, A., Joshi, S., Kristanto, L., Groot Ruiz, A. D., … Hardwicke, R. (2016). Improving business decision making: Valuing the hidden costs of production in the palm oil sector: A study for the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity for agriculture and food (TEEBAgriFood) program. Retrieved from http://www.teebweb.org/agriculture-and-food/palm-oil/
   Google Scholar
• Reid, D. J., & Reid, F. J. M. (2005). Online focus groups: An in-depth comparison of computer-mediated and conventional focus group discussions. International Journal of Market Research, 47(2), 131–162. doi:10.1177/147078530504700204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REWE Group. (2017). Es geht auch ohne Palmöl!: Ja! Natürlich Vorreiter beim Einsatz von Palmöl-Alternativen. Retrieved from https://www.rewe-group.at/de/newsroom/pressemitteilungen/janatuerlich-1711-palmoel-alternative/
   Google Scholar
• Riganelli, C., & Marchini, A. (2017). Governance and quality disclosure: The palm oil issue. British Food Journal, 119(8), 1718–1731. doi:10.1108/BFJ-11-2016-0566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rival, A., & Levang, P. (2014). Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Retrieved from https://www.cifor.org/library/4860/
   Google Scholar
• RSPO. (2018). RSPO impact report 2018. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Retrieved from https://rspo.org/resources/rspo-reports/impact-reports
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, S. J., Kerwin, J., Frechtling, J., & Vivari, B. A. (2002). Characteristics of the discussion in online and face-to-face focus groups. Social Science Computer Review, 20(1), 31–42. doi:10.1177/089443930202000104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar, B., Thaiprasert, N., Gheewala, S., & Smith, R. (2017). Policies for healthy and sustainable edible oil consumption: A stakeholder analysis for Thailand. Public Health Nutrition, 20(6), 1126–1134. doi:10.1017/S1368980016003037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirieix, L., Delanchy, M., Remaud, H., Zepeda, L., & Gurviez, P. (2013). Consumers’ perceptions of individual and combined sustainable food labels: A UK pilot investigation. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(2), 143–151. doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2012.01109.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. (2017). Online focus groups. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 48–60. doi:10.1080/00913367.2016.1252288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thøgersen, J. (2000). Psychological determinants of paying attention to eco-labels in purchase decisions: Model development and multinational validation. Journal of Consumer Policy, 23(3), 285–313. doi:10.1023/A:1007122319675
   Google Scholar
• Thøgersen, J., Haugaard, P., & Olesen, A. (2010). Consumer responses to ecolabels. European Journal of Marketing, 44(11/12), 1787–1810. doi:10.1108/03090561011079882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velema, E., Vyth, E. L., & Steenhuis, I. H. M. (2019). “I’ve worked so hard, I deserve a snack in the worksite cafeteria”: A focus group study. Appetite, 133, 297–304. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeir, I., & Verbeke, W. (2006). Sustainable food consumption: Exploring the consumer “attitude – Behavioral intention” gap. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 19(2), 169–194. doi:10.1007/s10806-005-5485-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verneau, F., La Barbera, F., Amato, M., & Sodano, V. (2019). Consumers’ concern towards palm oil consumption. British Food Journal, 121(9), 1982–1997. doi:10.1108/BFJ-10-2018-0659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2015). Eliminating trans fats in Europe: A policy brief. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved from. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/288442/Eliminating-trans-fats-in-Europe-A-policy-brief.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WWF (2016). Auf der Ölspur: Berechnungen zu einer palmölfreieren Welt. Berlin, Germany: World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). Retrieved from http://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/WWF-Studie_Auf_der_OElspur.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S., & Oates, C. J. (2009). Sustainable consumption: Green consumer behaviour when purchasing products. Sustainable Development, 37(2), 20–31. doi:10.1002/sd.394
   Google Scholar