Collective action: Towards a dual-pathway model

References

• Aiken , LS and West , SG . 1991 . Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen , I. 1991 . The theory of planned behavior . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 179 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen , I. and Fishbein , M. 1977 . Attitude ‐ behaviour relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research . Psychological Bulletin , 84 : 888 – 918 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen , I. and Fishbein , M. 1980 . Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 2000 . Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 9 : 75 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , RM and Kenny , DA . 1986 . The moderator ‐ mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkigt , K. and Stadler , M. 1986 . Corporate identity
   Google Scholar
• Brown , R. and Gaertner , SL . 2001 . “ Intergroup processes ” . In Blackwell handbook of social psychology Vol. 4 ,
   Google Scholar
• Brown , RJ , Condor , S. , Mathews , A. , Wade , G. and Williams , J. 1986 . Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organization . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 59 : 273 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby , F. 1982 . Relative deprivation and working women
   Google Scholar
• Deal , TE and Kennedy , AA . 1982 . Corporate cultures: The rites and rituals of corporate life
   Google Scholar
• de Cramer , D. and Van Vugt , M. 1999 . Social identification effects in social dilemmas: A transformation of motives . European Journal of Social Psychology , 29 : 871 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Weerd , M. and Klandermans , B. 1999 . Group identification and social protest: Farmers' protest in the Netherlands . European Journal of Social Psychology , 29 : 1073 – 1095 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube , L. and Guimond , S. 1986 . “ Relative deprivation and social protest ” . In The personal group issue 201 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellemers , N. 1993 . The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies 27 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 1997 . Sticking together or falling apart: Ingroup identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 : 617 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantasia , R. 1988 . “ Cultures of solidarity ” . In Consciousness, action, and contemporary American workers
   Google Scholar
• Feather , NT . 1982 . Expectations and actions: Expectancy-value models in psychology
   Google Scholar
• Ferree , MM and Miller , FD . 1985 . Mobilization and meaning: Toward an integration of social psychological and resource perspectives on social movements . Sociology Inquiry , 55 : 38 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , M. and Matheson , K. 1995 . Double relative deprivation: Combining the personal and the political . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 21 : 1167 – 1177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , D. and McAdam , D. 1992 . Collective identity and activism: Networks, choices, and the life of a social movement 156 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Fullagar , C. 1986 . A factor analytic study of the validity of a union commitment scale . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 : 129 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamson , WA . 1975 . The strategy of social protest
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , WA . 1992 . The social psychology of collective action 53 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Garnets , LD and Kimmel , DC . 1993 . Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay male experiences
   Google Scholar
• Haslam , SA . 2001 . Psychology in organizations. The social identity approach
   Google Scholar
• Heise , DR . 1975 . Causal analysis
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , EL . 1990 . Sacrifice for the cause: Group processes, recruitment, and commitment in a student social movement . American Sociology Review , 55 : 243 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschman , AO . 1970 . Exit, voice, and loyalty: Response to decline in firms, organizations, and states
   Google Scholar
• Hogg , MA and Abrams , D. 1996 . Social identifications. A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , JE and Schmidt , FL . 1990 . Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings
   Google Scholar
• Jetten , J. , Spears , R. and Manstead , ASR . 1996 . Intergroup norms and intergroup discrimination: Distinctive self-categorization and social identity effects . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 1222 – 1233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz , D. and Kahn , RL . 1978 . The social psychology of organizations
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami , K. and Dion , KL . 1993 . The impact of salient self-identities on relative deprivation and action integration of relative deprivation and social psychology theories . Theory and Psychology , 5 : 551 – 577 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , C. 1993 . Group identification, intergroup perceptions and collective action 59 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , C. and Breinlinger , S. 1995 . Identity and injustice: Exploring women's participation in collective action . Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology , 5 : 41 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , C. and Breinlinger , S. 1996 . The social psychology of collective action: Identity, injustice and gender
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , C. and Kelly , JE . 1992 . Who gets involved in collective action? Social psychological determinants of individual participation in trade unions . Human Relations , 47 : 63 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Klandermans , B. 1984 . Mobilization and participation: Social psychological expansions of resource mobilization theory . American Sociological Review , 49 : 583 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klandermans , B. 1997 . The social psychology of protest
   Google Scholar
• Klandermans , B. and Oegema , D. 1987 . Potentials, networks, motivations, and barriers: Steps towards participation in social movements . American Sociological Review , 52 : 519 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klandermans , B. , Sabucedo , JM , Rodriguez , M. and de Weerd , M. 2002 . Identity processes in collective action participation: Farmers' identity and farmers' protest in the Netherlands and Spain . Political Psychology , 23 : 235 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komorita , SS and Parks , CD . 1994 . Social dilemmas
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , RM and Brewer , MB . 1984 . Effects of group identity on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 1044 – 1057 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalonde , RN and Cameron , JE . 1993 . Behavioral responses to discrimination: The focus on action 257 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Lalonde , RN and Silverman , RA . 1994 . Behavioral preferences in response to social injustice: The effects of permeability and social identity salience . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 78 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhtanen , R. and Crocker , J. 1992 . A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 18 : 302 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundgesprach , LSVD . Juli 2000 . LSVD Rundbrief fur die Mitglieder Juli , Rundgesprach
   Google Scholar
• Major , B. 1994 . From social inequality to personal entitlement: The role of social comparisons, legitimacy appraisals, and group membership
   Google Scholar
• Mark , MM and Folger , R. 1984 . Responses to relative deprivation: A conceptual framework 192 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Markus , H. and Kunda , Z. 1986 . Stability and malleability of the self-concept . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 858 – 866 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , JD and Zald , MN . 1977 . Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory . American Journal of Sociology , 82 : 1212 – 1241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , GH and Judd , CM . 1993 . Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects . Psychological Bulletin , 114 : 376 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarty , C. , Reynolds , KJ , Haslam , SA , Turner , JC and Ryan , MK . 1999 . On the enduring and contextual aspects of social identity: Specifying and testing the inter-relationship between social identification and social identity salience
   Google Scholar
• Melucci , A. 1996 . Challenging codes. Collective action in the information age
   Google Scholar
• Morris , AD and Mueller , CM . 1992 . Frontiers in social movement theory
   Google Scholar
• Mummendey , A. , Kessler , T. , Klink , A. and Mielke , R. 1999 . Strategies to cope with negative social identity: Predictors by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76 : 229 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neidhardt , F. and Rucht , D. 1993 . Auf dem Weg in die “Bewegungsgesellschaft”? Uber die Stabilisierbarkeit sozialer Bewegungen [On the way to a “movement society”? Comments on the stability potential of social movements] . Soziale Welt , 44 : 305 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , PJ , Haslam , SA and Turner , JC . 1994 . Stereotyping and social reality
   Google Scholar
• Oberschall , A. 1973 . Social conflict and social movements
   Google Scholar
• Oberschall , A. 1980 . Loosely structured collective conflicts: A theory and an application 45 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , P. 1980 . Rewards and punishment as selective incentives for collective action: Theoretical investigations . American Journal of Sociology , 85 : 1356 – 1375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , M. 1968 . The logic of collective action. Public goods and the theory of groups
   Google Scholar
• Opp , K-D . 1989 . The rationality of political protest. A comparative analysis of rational choice theory
   Google Scholar
• Opp , K-D . 2001 . Collective political action. A research program and some of its results . Analyse & Kritik , 23 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Reicher , SD . 1987 . Crowd behavior as social action 171 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Reicher , SD . 1996 . The battle of Westminster: Developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict . European Journal of Social Psychology , 26 : 115 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reicher , SD , Spears , R. and Postmes , T. 1995 . A social identity model of deindividuation phenomena . European Review of Social Psychology , 6 : 161 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Rucht , D. 1994 . Modernisierung und neue soziale Bewegungen [Modernization and new social movements]
   Google Scholar
• Rucht , D. 1995 . Kollektive Identitat: Konzeptuelle Uberlegungen zu einem Desiderat der Bewegungsforschung [Collective identity: Some conceptual comments on a lacuna in social movement research] . Forschungsjournal Neue Soziale Bewegungen , 8 : 9 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Runciman , WG . 1966 . Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in twentieth-century England
   Google Scholar
• Schrager , LS . 1985 . Private attitudes and collective action . American Sociological Review , 50 : 858 – 859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidanius , J. and Pratto , F. 1999 . Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression
   Google Scholar
• Simon , B. 1998 . Individuals, groups, and social change: On the relationship between individual and collective self-interpretations and collective action 257 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , B. 2004 . Identity in modern society: A social psychological perspective
   Google Scholar
• Simon , B. , Aufderheide , B. and Kampmeier , C. 2000 . The social psychology of minority ‐ majority relations 303 – 323 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , B. and Klandermans , B. 2001 . Politicized collective identity . A social psychological analysis. American Psychologist , 56 : 319 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , B. , Loewy , M. , Sturmer , S. , Weber , U. , Freytag , P. , Habig , C. and Kampmeier , C. 1998 . Collective identification and social movement participation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 646 – 658 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , B. , Pantaleo , G. and Mummendey , A. 1995 . Unique individual or interchangeable group member? The accentuation of intragroup differences versus similarities as an indicator of the individual self versus the collective self . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 106 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , B. , Sturmer , S. and Steffens , K. 2000 . Helping individuals or group members? The role of individual and collective identification in AIDS volunteerism . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 4 : 497 – 506 .
   Google Scholar
• Smelser , NJ . 1962 . A theory of collective behavior
   Google Scholar
• Smith , CM , Tindale , SR and Steiner , L. 1998 . Investment decisions by individuals and groups in “sunk cost” situations: The potential impact of shared representation . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 1 : 175 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Sobel , ME . 1982 . Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models
   Google Scholar
• Spears , R. , Oakes , PJ , Ellemers , N. and Haslam , SA . 1997 . The social psychology of stereotyping and group life
   Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. , Owens , T. and White , R. 2000 . Self, identity, and social movements
   Google Scholar
• Sturmer , S. 2000 . Soziale Bewegungsbeteiligung: Ein psychologisches Zwei-Wege Modell [Social movement participation: A psychological dual-pathway model]
   Google Scholar
• Sturmer , S. and Kampmeier , C. 2003 . Active citizenship: The role of community identification in community volunteerism and local participation . Psychologica Belgica , 43 : 103 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturmer , S. and Simon , B. The role of collective identification in social movement participation: A panel study in the context of the German gay movement . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 30 363 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Sturmer , S. , Simon , B. , Loewy , M. and Jorger , H. 2003 . The dual-pathway model of social movement participation: The case of the fat acceptance movement . Social Psychology Quarterly , 66 : 71 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton , S. 1998 . Predicting and explaining intentions and behaviour: How well are we doing? . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 28 : 1317 – 1338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel , H. 1981 . Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel , H. and Turner , JC . 1979 . The social identity theory of intergroup behavior 33 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , V. and Whittier , NE . 1992 . Collective identity in social movement communities 104 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , V. and Whittier , NE . 1995 . Analytical approaches to social movement culture: The culture of the women's movement 163 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Terry , DJ and Hogg , MA . 1996 . Group norms and the attitude ‐ behaviour relationship: A role for group identification . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 22 : 776 – 793 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry , DJ , Hogg , MA and White , KM . 1999 . The theory of planned behaviour: Self-identity, social identity and group norms . British Journal of Social Psychology , 38 : 225 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , JC . 1991 . Social influence
   Google Scholar
• Turner , JC . 1999 . Some current themes in research on social identity and self-categorization theories 6 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , JC , Hogg , MA , Oakes , PJ , Reicher , SD and Wetherell , MS . 1987 . Rediscovering the social group. A self-categorization theory
   Google Scholar
• Turner , JC , Oakes , PJ , Haslam , SA and McGarty , CA . 1994 . Self and collective: Cognition and social context . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 20 : 454 – 463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , JC and Reynolds , KJ . 2001 . The social identity perspective in intergroup relations: Theory, themes, and controversies 133 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Vanneman , RD and Pettigrew , TF . 1972 . Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States . Race , 13 : 461 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vugt , M. 2000 . Community identification moderating the impact of financial incentives in a natural social dilemma: Water conservation . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 : 1440 – 1449 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Vugt , M. , Snyder , M. , Tyler , T. and Biel , A. 2000 . Cooperation in modern society: Promoting the welfare of communities, states, and organizations
   Google Scholar
• Veenstra , K. and Haslam , SA . 2000 . Willingness to participate in industrial protest: Exploring social identification in context . British Journal of Social Psychology , 39 : 153 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , I. and Mann , L. 1987 . Unemployment, relative deprivation, and social protest . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 13 : 461 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Walsh , E. and Warland , RH . 1983 . Social movement involvement in the wake of a nuclear accident: Activists and free riders in the Three Mile Island area . American Sociological Review , 48 : 764 – 781 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterton , J. and Winterton , R. 1989 . Coal, crisis and conflict: The 1984 ‐ 85 miners' strike in Yorkshire
   Google Scholar
• Wright , SC . 2001 . Strategic collective action: Social psychology and social change 409 – 430 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , SC , Taylor , DM and Moghaddam , FM . 1990 . Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 : 994 – 1003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zald , M. and McGarthy , JD . 1979 . The dynamics of social movements: Resource mobilization, social control and tactics
   Google Scholar