294
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Franchising During Times of Economic Recession: A Longitudinal Analysis of Automotive Service Franchises

, &
Pages 57-77 | Published online: 07 Jan 2011

REFERENCES

  • Alon , I. ( 2001 ). The use of franchising by US-based retailers . Journal of Small Business Management , 39 ( 2 ), 111 – 122 .
  • Barnett , W. P. , & Carroll , G. R. ( 1987 ). Competition and mutualism among early telephone companies . Administrative Science Quarterly , 32 ( 3 ), 400 – 421 .
  • Barnett , W. P. , & McKendrick , D. G. ( 2004 ). Why are some organizations more competitive than others? Evidence from a changing global market . Administrative Science Quarterly , 49 ( 4 ), 535 – 571 .
  • Bates , T. ( 1998 ). Survival patterns among newcomers to franchising . Journal of Business Venturing , 13 ( 2 ), 113 – 130 .
  • Baum , J. A. C. , & Mezias , S. J. ( 1992 ). Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 ( 4 ), 590 – 604 .
  • Baum , J. A. C. , & Oliver , C. ( 1991 ). Institutional linkages and organizational mortality . Administrative Science Quarterly , 36 ( 2 ), 187 – 218 .
  • Bradach , J. L. ( 1998 ). Franchise organizations . Cambridge , MA : Harvard Business School Press .
  • Brickley , J. A. , Misra , S. , & Van Horn , R. L. ( 2006 ). Contract duration: Evidence from franchising . Journal of Law and Economics , 49 ( April ), 173 – 196 .
  • Brickley , J. A. , Dark , F. H. , & Weisbach , M. S. ( 1991 ). The economic effects of franchise termination laws . Journal of Law and Economics , 34 ( 1 ), 101 – 132 .
  • Brittain , J. W. ( 1994 ). Density independent selection and community evolution . In J. A. Baum & J. V. Singh (Eds.), Evolutionary dynamics of organizations . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Brittain , J. W. , & Freeman , J. H. ( 1980 ). Organizational proliferation and density dependent selection . In J. Kimberly & R. H. Miles (Eds.), The Organizational life cycle (pp. 291 – 338 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Carroll , G. R. , & Hannan , M. T. ( 1989 ). Density dependence in the evolution of populations of newspaper organizations . American Sociological Review , 54 ( 4 ), 524 – 541 .
  • Carroll , G. R. , & Hannan , M. T. ( 2000 ). The demography of corporations and industries . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Combs , J. G. , & Ketchen , D. J. ( 2003 ). Why do firms use franchising as an entrepreneurial strategy? A meta analysis . Journal of Management , 29 ( 3 ), 443 – 465 .
  • Dahlstrom , R. , & Nygaard , A. ( 1999 ). An empirical investigation of ex post transaction costs in franchised distribution channels . Journal of Marketing Research , 36 ( 2 ), 160 – 170 .
  • Dant , R. P. , & Berger , P. D. ( 1996 ). Modeling cooperative advertising decisions in franchising . Journal of the Operational Research Society , 47 ( 9 ), 1120 – 1136 .
  • Elgin , J. ( 2009 ). Recession-proof franchises. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/printthis/201394.html
  • Evans , D. S. ( 1987 ). The relationship between firm growth, size and age: Estimates for 100 manufacturing industries . Journal of Industrial Economics , 35 ( 4 ), 567 – 581 .
  • Franchise Annual . ( 1985–2005 ). Lewiston, NY: Info Franchise News, Inc.
  • Freeman , J. , Carroll , G. R. , & Hannan , M. T. (1983). The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates. American Sociological Review , 48(5), 692–710.
  • Gassenheimer , J. B. , Baucus , D. B. , & Baucus , M. S. ( 1996 ). Cooperative arrangements among entrepreneurs: An analysis of opportunism and communication in franchise structures . Journal of Business Research , 36 ( 1 ), 67 – 79 .
  • Grünhagen , M. , & Mittelstaedt , R. A. ( 2000 ). Putting entrepreneurship back into the franchisee realm: A macromarketing issue . In C. J. Shults II & B. Grbac (Eds.), Marketing contributions to democratization and socioeconomic development , (pp. 489 – 501 ). Phoenix , AZ : Arizona State University and University of Rijeka .
  • Grünhagen , M. , & Mittelstaedt , R. A. ( 2005 ). Entrepreneurs or investors: Do multi-unit franchisees have different philosophical orientations? Journal of Small Business Management , 43 ( 3 ), 207 – 225 .
  • Hackett , D. W. ( 1976 ). The international expansion of U.S. franchise systems: Status and strategies . Journal of International Business Studies , 7 ( 1 ), 65 – 75 .
  • Hannan , M. T. , & Carroll , G. R. ( 1992 ). Dynamics of organizational populations: Density, competition, and legitimation . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Hannan , M. T. , & Freeman , J. H. ( 1977 ). The population ecology of organizations . American Journal of Sociology , 82 ( 5 ), 929 – 984 .
  • Hannan , M. T. , & Freeman , J. ( 1989 ). Organizational ecology . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Justis , R. T. , & Chan , P. S. ( 1991 ). Training for franchise management . Journal of Small Business Management , 29 ( 3 ), 87 – 91 .
  • Justis , R. T. , Olsen , J. E. , & Chan , P. S. ( 1993 ). Using marketing research to enhance franchisee/franchisor relationships . Journal of Small Business Management , 31 ( 2 ), 121 – 127 .
  • Kalnins , A. ( 2004 ). An empirical analysis of territorial encroachment within franchised and company-owned branded chains . Marketing Science , 23 ( 4 ), 476 – 489 .
  • Kaufmann , P. J. , & Dant , R. P. ( 1996 ). Multi-unit franchising: Growth and management issues . Journal of Business Venturing , 11 ( 5 ), 343 – 358 .
  • Kaufmann , P. J. , & Dant , R. P. ( 1999 ). Franchising and the domain of entrepreneurship research . Journal of Business Venturing , 14 ( 1 ), 5 – 16 .
  • Kaufmann , P. J. , & Dant , R. P. ( 2001 ). The pricing of franchise rights . Journal of Retailing , 77 ( 4 ), 537 – 545 .
  • Klein , B. , & Saft , L. F. ( 1985 ). The law and economics of franchise tying contracts . Journal of Law and Economics , 28 ( 2 ), 345 – 361 .
  • Kosova , R. , & Lafontaine , F. ( 2010 ). Survival and growth in retail and service industries: Evidence from franchised chains . Journal of Industrial Economics , 53 ( 1 ), 1 – 37 .
  • Lafontaine , F. ( 1994 ). The role of franchising in the U.S. economy now and beyond . Paper prepared for the Whitehouse Conference on Small Business: A Foundation for a New Century . Washington , DC .
  • Lafontaine , F. , & Shaw , K. L. ( 1998 ). Franchising growth and franchisor entry and exit in the U.S. market: Myth and reality . Journal of Business Venturing , 13 ( 2 ), 95 – 112 .
  • Lafontaine , F. , & Shaw , K. L. ( 1999 ). The dynamics of franchise contracting: Evidence from panel data . Journal of Political Economy , 107 ( 5 ), 1041 – 1080 .
  • Lafontaine , F. , & Shaw , K. L. (2005). Targeting managerial control: Evidence from franchising. RAND Journal of Economics , 36(1), 131–150.
  • Lafontaine , F. , & Sun , S. ( 2001 ). The effect of macroeconomic conditions on U.S. franchisor entry and survival . In L. Frazer (Ed.), International diversity in franchising: Towards a global understanding. Proceedings of the 15th International Society of Franchising Conference (paper No. 18) . Minneapolis , MN : University of St. Thomas/ISOF .
  • Lal , R. ( 1990 ). Improving channel coordination through franchising . Marketing Science , 9 ( 4 ), 299 – 318 .
  • Marple , D. ( 1982 ). Technological innovation and organizational survival: A population ecology study of nineteenth century American railroads . Sociological Quarterly , 23 ( 1 ), 107 – 116 .
  • Michael , S. C. ( 2000 ). The effect of organizational form on quality: The case of franchising . Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , 43 ( 3 ), 295 – 318 .
  • Michael , S. C. , & Combs , J. G. ( 2008 ). Entrepreneurial failure: The case of franchisees . Journal of Small Business Management , 46 ( 1 ), 73 – 90 .
  • National Bureau of Economic Research . ( 2009 ). U.S. business cycles and contractions . Cambridge , MA : Author . Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/cycles.html
  • Norton , S. W. ( 1988 ). Franchising, brand name capital, and the entrepreneurial capacity problem . Strategic Management Journal , 9 ( Summer ), 105 – 114 .
  • Pilling , B. K. , Henson , S. W. , & Yoo , B. ( 1995 ). Competition among franchises, company-owned units and independent operations: A population ecology application . Journal of Marketing Channels , 4 ( 1 ), 177 – 195 .
  • PriceWaterhouseCoopers . ( 2004 ). Economic impact of franchised businesses . New York , NY : International Franchise Association Educational Foundation .
  • Robinson , T. M. ( 2009 ). 20 recession resistant franchises. Retrieved from http://www.blackenterprise.com/magazine/2009/09/01/20-recession-resistant-franchises
  • Rubin , P. H. ( 1978 ). The theory of the firm and the structure of the franchise contract . Journal of Law and Economics , 21 ( 1 ), 223 – 233 .
  • Shane , S. A. ( 1996 ). Hybrid organizational arrangements and their implications for firm growth and survival: A study of new franchisors . Academy of Management Journal , 39 ( 1 ), 216 – 234 .
  • Shane , S. , & Foo , M. ( 1999 ). New firm survival: Institutional explanations for new franchisor mortality . Management Science , 45 ( 2 ), 142 – 159 .
  • Stanworth , J. ( 1996 ). Dispelling the myths surrounding franchise failure rates—some recent evidence from Britain . Franchising Research: An International Journal , 1 ( 1 ), 25 – 28 .
  • Stanworth , J. , Purdy , D. , & Price , S. ( 1997 ). Franchise growth and failure in the USA and the UK: A troubled dreamworld revisited . Franchising Research: An International Journal , 2 ( 2 ), 75 – 94 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.