Evaluation of Direct-on-Filter Methods for the Determination of Respirable α-Quartz

References

• Merchant , J. , ed. 1986 . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Respiratory Diseases, pp. 219-237 Cincinnati, OH DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 86-102
   Google Scholar
• Eller , P. M. , ed. 1984 . “ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Method 7500-Silica, Crystalline, Respirable. ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed Cincinnati, OH DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. 84-100
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , C. C. 1983 . Collaborative Tests of Two Methods for Determining Free Silica in Airborne Dust Cincinnati, OH DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. 83-124
   Google Scholar
• Henslee , W. W. and Guerra , R. E. 1977 . Direct Quantitative Determination of Silica by X-ray Diffraction on PVC Membrane Filters . Adv. X-ray Anal , 20 : 139
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds , J. W. , Henslee , W. W. and Guerra , R. E. 1977 . Particle Size Effects in the Determination of Respirable α-Quartz by X-ray Diffraction . Anal. Chem , 49 : 2196
   Google Scholar
• Chung , F. 1978 . Imaging and Analysis of Airborne Dust for Silica . Environ. Sci. Technol , 12 : 1208
   Google Scholar
• Davis , B. L. and Johnson , L. R. 1982 . On the Use of Various Filter Substrates for Quantitative Particulate Analysis by X-ray Diffraction . Atmos. Environ , 16 : 273
   Google Scholar
• 1983 . Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute: Preliminary Evaluation of Direct Free Silica Analysis on PVC Membranes by X-ray Diffraction. Final Report Task 8 Phase 2 Prepared for NIOSH Chicago, II Contract No. 210-81-7108
   Google Scholar
• 1986 . Health and Safety Executive: Quartz in Respirable Airborne Dusts, Method MDHS 51 U.K. : Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory .
   Google Scholar
• Leroux , J. and Powers , C. 1969 . Direct X-ray Diffraction Quantitative Analysis of Quartz in Industrial Dust Films Deposited on Silver Membrane Filters . Staub Reinhalt. Luft , 29 : 26
   Google Scholar
• Knight , G. , Stefanich , W. and Ireland , G. 1972 . Laboratory Calibration of a Technique for Determination of Respirable Quartz in Mine Air . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 33 : 469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight , G. 1986 . CAMPEDS—A Dust Sampling and Assessment System for Use in Hard Rock Mines . Ann. Occup. Hyg , 30 : 139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altree-Williams , S. 1977 . Quantitative X-ray Diffractometry on Milligram Samples Prepared on Silver Filters . Anal. Chem , 49 : 429
   Google Scholar
• Tossavainen , A . 1979 . Determination of Quartz on Membrane Filters by X-ray Diffraction . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 5 : 379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen , G. , Samimi , B. , Ziskind , M. and Weill , H. 1974 . X-ray Diffraction Determination of α-Quartz in Respirable and Total Dust Samples from Sand-Blasting Operations . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 35 : 711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altree-Williams , S. , Lee , J. and Mezin , N. 1977 . Quantitative X-ray Diffractometry on Respirable Dust Collected on Nuclepore Filters . Ann. Occup. Hyg , 20 : 109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohyama , N. 1985 . A New X-ray Diffraction Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Free Silica in the Airborne Dust in Working Environment . Ind. Health , 23 : 221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lippmann , M. Sampling Aerosols by Filtration . Air Sampling Instruments for the Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, 6th ed . Edited by: Lioy , Chap F.P.J. and Lioy , M.J.Y. Cincinnati, OH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists .
   Google Scholar
• Bumsted , H. E. 1973 . Determination of Alpha-Quartz in the Respirable Portion of Airborne Particulates by X-ray Diffraction . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 34 : 150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suortti , P. and Jennings , L. D. 1977 . Accuracy of Structure Factors from X-ray Powder Intensity Measurements . Acta Cryst. A , 33 : 1012
   Google Scholar
• Carsey , T. 1987 . LISA: A New Aerosol Generation System for Sampler Evaluation . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 48 : 710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carsey , T. , Shulman , S. and Lorberau , C. 1987 . An Investigation of the Performance of the 10-mm Nylon Cyclone . Appl. Ind. Hyg , 2 : 47
   Google Scholar
• Abell , M. T. , Dollberg , D. D. and Crable , J. V. 1981 . Quantitative Analysis of Dust Samples from Occupational Environments Using Computer-Automated X-ray Diffraction . Adv. X-ray Anal , 24 : 37
   Google Scholar
• Kohyama , N. 1980 . Quantitative X-ray Diffraction Analysis for Airborne Asbestos Dust in Industrial Environment; 1 . Application of X-ray Absorption Correction Method. Ind. Health , 18 : 69
   Google Scholar
• Charell , P. R. and Hawley , R. E. 1981 . Characteristics of Water Adsorption on Air Sampling Filters . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 42 : 353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , D. W. , Gebhardt , R. F. , Trader , C. W. and Dobson , L. A. Improved Quantitative X-ray Diffraction Determination of Respirable Free Silica . Proceedings of a Roundtable Discussion on Thermal Analysis Techniques . Cincinnati, OH DHEW (NIOSH) 76-173
   Google Scholar
• Knight , G. Comments in Proceedings of a Roundtable Discussion on Analytical Techniques for Quartz . pp. 67 Cincinnati, OH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists .
   Google Scholar
• Box , G. E.P. , Hunter , W. G. and Hunter , J. S. 1978 . Statistics for Experimenters New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Busch , K. and Taylor , D. G. 1981 . “ Statistical Protocol for the NIOSH Validation Tests. ” . In Chemical Hazards in the Workplace: Measurement and Control , ACS Symp. Ser. 149 Edited by: Choudhary , G. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , G. 1984 . Interlaboratory Crosscheck of Quartz Analysis on Mine Airborne Dust Samples . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 45 : 655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar