24
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Comparison of Hippuric Acid and O-Cresol in Urine and Unchanged Toluene in Alveolar Air for the Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Toluene in Human Volunteers

, &
Pages 127-132 | Published online: 24 Feb 2011

References

  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists . 1991 . Notice of Intented Changes—Toluene, Trimethylamine, and Vinyl Acetate: Appl . Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 6 ( 11 ) : 966 – 977 .
  • Kawai , T. , Mizunuma , K. Tomojiro , Y. 1992 . Comparative Evaluation of Urinalysis and Blood Analysis as Means of Detecting Exposure to Organic Solvents at Low Concentrations . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 64 : 223 – 234 .
  • Kawai , T. , Tomojiro , Y. Mizunuma , K. 1994 . Toluene in Blood as a Marker of Choice for Low-Level Exposure to Toluene . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 66 : 309 – 315 .
  • Campbell , L. , Marsh , D. M. and Wilson , H. K. 1987 . Towards a Biological Monitoring Strategy for Toluene . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 31 : 121 – 133 .
  • Brugnone , F. , Gobbi , M. Ayyad , K. 1995 . Blood Toluene as a Biological Index of Environmental Toluene Exposure in the Normal Population and in Occupational Exposed Workers Immediately after Exposure and 16 Hours Later . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 66 : 421 – 425 .
  • Foo , S. C. , Jeyaratnam , J. Ong , C. N. 1991 . Biological Monitoring for Occupational Exposure to Toluene . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 52 : 212 – 217 .
  • Droz , P. O. and Guillemein , M. P. 1986 . Occupational Exposure Monitoring Using Breath Analysis . J. Occup. Med. , 28 : 593 – 602 .
  • Periago , J. F. , Morente , A. Villanueva , M. 1994 . Correlation Between Concentrations of n-Hexane and Toluene in Exhaled and Environmental Air in an Occupationally Exposed Population . J. Appl. Toxicol. , 14 : 63 – 67 .
  • Monster , A. C. , Kezic , S. van de Gevel , I. 1993 . Evaluation of Biological Monitoring Parameters for Occupational Exposure to Toluene . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 65 ( 1 Suppl ) : S159 – S162 .
  • Skender , L. , Karacic , V. and Bosner , B. 1993 . A Selection of Biological Indicators in Occupational Exposure to Toluene and Xylene . Arhiv. ZaHigijenu Rada. i Toksikologiju , 44 : 27 – 33 .
  • Døssing , M. , Baelum , J. B. Hansen , S. H. 1983 . Urinary Hippuric Acid and Orthocresol Excretion in Man During Experimental Exposure to Toluene . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 40 : 470 – 473 .
  • Inoue , O. , Seiji , K. Watanabe , T. 1994 . Effects of Smoking and Drinking Habits on Urinary O-Cresol Excretion After Occupational Exposure to Toluene Vapor Among Chinese Workers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 25 : 697 – 708 .
  • Nise , G. 1992 . Urinary Excretion of O-Cresol and Hippuric Acid after Toluene Exposure in Rotogravure Printing . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 63 : 377 – 381 .
  • Apostoli , P. , Brugnone , F. Perbellini , L. 1982 . Biomonitoring of Occupational Toluene Exposure . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 50 : 153 – 168 .
  • De Rosa , E. , Bartolucci , G. B. Sigon , M. 1987 . Hippuric Acid and Ortho-Cresol as Biological Indicators of Occupational Exposure to Toluene . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 11 : 529 – 537 .
  • Baelum , J. , Døssing , M. Hanses , S. H. 1985 . Hippuric Acid and Orthocresol as Indices of Toluene Exposure . Ann. Am. Conf. Ind. Hyg. , 12 : 305 – 309 .
  • Poggi , G. , Giusiani , M. Palagi , V. 1982 . High-performance Liquid Chromatography for the Quantitative Determination of the Urinary Metabolites of Toluene, Xylene and Styrene . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 50 : 25 – 31 .
  • Truchon , G. , Tardif , R. and Brodeur , J. 1996 . Gas Chromatographic Determination of Urinary o-Cresol for the Monitoring of Toluene Exposure . J. Anal. Toxicol. , 20 ( 5 ) : 309 – 312 .
  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists . 1990 . Notice of Intented Change—Toluene: Appl . Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 5 ( 10 ) : 726 – 733 .
  • Sugita , M. , Aikawa , H. Suzuki , K. 1988 . Urinary Hippuric Acid Excretion in Everyday Life . Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med. , 13 : 185 – 190 .
  • Villanueva , M. B.G. , Jonai , H. Kanno , S. 1994 . Dieteray Sources and Background Levels of Hippuric Acid in Urine—Comparison of Philippine and Japanese Levels . Ind. Health , 32 : 239 – 246 .
  • Kawamoto , T. , Koga , M. Oyama , T. 1996 . Habitual and Genetic Factors That Affect Urinary Backgrounnd Levels of Biomarkers for Organic Solvent exposure . Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. , 30 : 114 – 120 .
  • Nakajima , T. and Sato , S. 1979 . Metabolic Antagonism Among Benzene, Toluene and m-Xylene . Jpn. J. Ind. Health , 21 : 546 – 547 .
  • Tardif , R. , Laparé , S. Krishnan , K. 1993 . Physiologically-Based Modeling of the Toxicokinetic Interaction Between Toluene and m-Xylene in the Rat . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 120 : 266 – 273 .
  • Tardif , R. , Laparé , S. Plaa , G. L. 1991 . Effect of Simultaneous Exposure to Toluene and Xylene on Their Respective Biological Exposure Indices in Humans . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 63 : 279 – 284 .
  • Inoue , O. , Seiji , K. Watanabe , T. 1988 . Mutual Metabolic Suppression Between Benzene and Toluene in Man . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 60 : 15 – 20 .
  • Kawai , T. , Mizunuma , K. Okada , Y. 1996 . Toluene Itself as the Best Marker of Toluene Exposure . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 68 : 289 – 297 .
  • Angerer , J. and Krämer , A. 1997 . Occupational Chronic Exposure to Organic Solvents . XVI. Ambient and Biological Monitoring of Workers Exposed to Toluene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 69 : 91 – 96 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.