Meteorological Effects on the Evolution of High Ozone Episodes in the Greater Seoul Area

REFERENCES

• World Health Organization; United Nations Environment Programme. Air Pollution in the World's Megacities; Environment 1994, 36, 4-13, 25–37.
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S.; Oh, H.S. Trends and Factors of Ozone Concentration Variations in Korea. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, Yangyang, Korea, Oct. 29-30, 1999; Abstract SM13 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S. Anomaly Test for Ozone Concentration Data from National Air Monitoring Stations; J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 15, 139-150 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• 4. Ozone Warning and Forecasting System; Korea Ministry of Environment. http://www.me.go.kr/ (accessed November 1999; in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Yun, S.-C.; Park, E.W.; Jang, Y.-K. Tropospheric Ozone Patterns in the Metropolitan Seoul Area during 1990-1997 Using Two Ozone Indices of Accumulation over the Threshold Concentrations; J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 15, 429-439 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Jo, W.-K.; Nam, C.-W. Characteristics of Urban Ground-Level Ozone in Korea; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1999, 49, 1425–1433.
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S.; Chang, Y.-S. Characteristics of Ground-Level Ozone Distributions in Korea for the Period of 1990-1995; J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105, 8877–8890.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, B.G.; Han, J.S.; Hwang, D.J.; Choi, D.I. A Study on the High Potential Episode of Ozone in the Seoul Area. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association, Kwangju, Korea, Nov. 10-11, 1995; Abstract E-5 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y.K.; Lee, C.B.; Kim, T.W. Air Quality Modeling by a Photochemical Dispersion Model in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Presented at the Spring Meeting of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association, Seoul, Korea, April 12-13, 1996; Abstract F-4 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J.Y.; Cho, H.M.; Kim, S.; Jung, S.H.; Nam, J.C. Distribution of Surface Ozone Concentration and Its Relation to Surface Wind Field in Seoul. Presented at the Spring Meeting of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association, Seoul, Korea, April 12-13, 1996; Abstract F-5 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Climatological Standard Normals of Korea; Korea Meteorological Administration: Seoul, Korea, 1991; Vol. II.
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S. Aspects of Photochemical Air Pollution Associated with Fuel-Type Change; Report No. KE-93009S; Korea Institute of Energy Research: Taejon, Korea, 1994 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Guideline for Regulatory Application of the Urban Airshed Model; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Cassmassi, J.C. Comparison of Meteorological Criteria Characterizing One-Hour and Eight-Hour Average Ozone Episodes in the South Coast Air Basin. Presented at the 91st Annual Meeting & Exhibition of AWMA, San Diego, CA, June 14-18, 1998; Paper No. 98-TAB.11P.
   Google Scholar
• Procedures for Applying City-Specific EKMA; EPA-450/4-89-012; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J.Y.; Ghim, Y.S.; Chung, K.Y. Analysis of Wind Data Characteristics of Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul and Inchon Areas; J. Korean Meteorol. Soc. 2000, 36, 153-166 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Husar, R.B.; Renard, W.P. Ozone as a Function of Local Wind Speed and Direction, Evidence of Local and Regional Transport; OTAG Technical Report; http://capita.wustl.edu/OTAG/reports/otagwind/OTAGWIN4.html (accessed September 1997).
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S.; Oh, H.S. Studies of High-Ozone Episodes in the Greater Seoul Area between 1990 and 1997; J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 15, 267-280 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Wishinski, P.R.; Poirot, R.L. Long-Term Ozone Trajectory Climatology for the Eastern U.S., Part I: Methods. Presented at the 91st Annual Meeting & Exhibition of AWMA, San Diego, CA, June 14-18, 1998; Paper No. 98-TP43.05.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, X.; Mauersberger, G.; Moeller, D. The Effects of Cloud Processes on the Photochemistry: An Improvement of the EURAD Model with a Coupled and Aqueous Chemical Mechanism; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31, 3119–3135.
   Google Scholar
• Monthly Weather Report; Korea Meteorological Administration: Seoul, Korea, July and August 1994 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Akimoto, H.; Mukai, H.; Nishikawa, M.; Murano, K.; Hatakeyama, S.; Liu, C.-M.; Hsu, K.J.; Jaffe, D.A.; Zhang, L.; Honrath, R.; Merrill, J.T.; Newell, R.E. Long-Range Transport of Ozone in the East Asian Pacific Rim Region; J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 1999-2010.
   Google Scholar
• Hidy, G.M. Ozone Process Insights from Field Experiments—Part I: Overview; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 2001–2022.
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S. Indication of Photochemical Air Pollution in the Greater Seoul Area; J. Korea Air Pollut. Res. Assoc. 1997, 13, 41-49 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Kallos, G.; Kassomenos, P.; Pielke, R.A. Synoptic and Mesoscale Weather Conditions during Air Pollution Episodes in Athens, Greece; Boundary-Layer Meteor. 1993, 62, 163–184.
   Google Scholar
• Ghim, Y.S.; Kim, Y.J.; Yoon, S.C. Precipitation and Cloud Cover on High Ozone Days; J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 15, 747-755 (in Korean).
   Google Scholar
• Lelieveld, J.; Crutzen, P.J. Influence of Cloud Photochemical Processes on Tropospheric Ozone; Nature 1990, 343, 227–233.
   Google Scholar
• Matthijsen, J.; Builtjes, P.J.H.; Meijer, E.W.; Boersen, G. Modelling Cloud Effects on Ozone on a Regional Scale: A Case Study; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31, 3227–3238.
   Google Scholar
• Walcek, C.J.; Yuan, H.-H.; Stockwell, W.R. The Influence of Aqueous-Phase Chemical Reactions on Ozone Formation in Polluted and Nonpolluted Clouds; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31, 1221–1237.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, W.A.; Calby, R.H.; Keen, C.S. The Impact of Mesoscale Con-vective Systems on Regional Visibility and Oxidant Distributions during Persistent Elevated Pollution Episodes; J. Climate Appl. Meteorol. 1986, 25, 1518–1531.
   Google Scholar
• Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution; National Research Council; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1991.
   Google Scholar