157
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Development of Probabilistic Emission Inventories of Air Toxics for Jacksonville, Florida

&
Pages 1405-1421 | Published online: 22 Feb 2012

References

  • Frey, H.C.; Rhodes, D.S. Characterizing, Simulating, and Analyzing Variability and Uncertainty: An Illustration of Methods Using an Air Toxics Emissions Example; Human Ecol. Risk Assess.: Int. J. 1996, 2 (4), 762–797.
  • Frey, H.C.; Bammi, S. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty in Lawn and Garden Equipment NOx and Total Hydrocarbon Emission Factors; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52 (4), 435–448.
  • Frey, H.C.; Zheng, J. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty in Utility NOx Emission Inventories; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52 (9), 1083–1095.
  • Frey, H.C.; Bammi, S. Probabilistic Nonroad Mobile Source Emission Factors; ASCE J. Environ. Eng. 2003, 129 (2), 162–168.
  • Frey, H.C.; Bharvirkar, R.; Zheng, J. Quantitative Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty in Emissions Estimation; Prepared by North Carolina State University for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1999.
  • National Research Council. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1991.
  • National Research Council. Science and Judgement in Risk Assessment; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1994.
  • National Research Council. Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2000.
  • Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Kamiyamaguch, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, 2000. Available at: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/gpgaum.htm (accessed Sept 16, 2003).
  • Bennett, K.; Meyers, R. Uncertainty Analysis of AP-42 Emission Factors. In Proceedings, Emission Inventory: Planning for the Future; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1997.
  • Pollack, A.K.; Bhave, P.; Heiken, J.; Lee, K.; Shepard, S.; Tran, C.; Yarwood, G.; Sawyer, R.F.; Joy, B.A. Investigation of Emission Factors in the California EMFAC7G Model; PB99-149718INZ; Prepared by ENVIRON International Corp, Novato, CA, for Coordinating Research Council: Atlanta, GA, 1999.
  • Anex, R.P.; Lund, J.R. Bayesian Estimation of Volatile Organic Emissions from Wood Furniture Coating; J. Environ. Eng. 1999, 125 (1), 92–96.
  • Anex, R.P.; Lund, J.R.; Grant, R. A Maximum Entropy Approach to Estimating Emissions; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1999, 49 (8), 943–950.
  • El-Fadel, M.; Massoud, M.; Semerjian, L. Energy Related GHG Emissions: Assessment of Emission Factor Uncertainty; World Resour. Rev. 2001, 13 (1), 61–73.
  • Frey, H.C.; Zheng, J. Probabilistic Analysis of Driving Cycle-Based Highway Vehicle Emission Factors; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002,36 (23), 5184–5191.
  • Frey, H.C.; Li, S. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty in AP-42 Emission Factors: Case Studies for Natural Gas-Fueled Engines; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53 (12), 1436–1447.
  • Abdel-Aziz, A.; Frey, H.C. Quantification of Hourly Variability in NOx Emissions for Baseload Coal-Fired Power Plants; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53 (11), 1401–1411.
  • Dickson, R.J.; Hobbs, A.D. Evaluation of Emissions Inventory Uncertainty Estimation Procedures. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, Anaheim, CA, June 25-30, 1989; Paper No. 89–24.8.
  • Guensler, R.; Sperling, D. Jovanis, P. Uncertainty in the Emission Inventory for Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Trucks. In Proceedings, 84th Annual Meeting, Air and Waste Management Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 1991; Paper No. 91–88.14.
  • Balentine, H.W.; Dickson, R.J. Development of Uncertainty Estimates for the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission Emission Inventory. Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association Conference on the Emission Inventory, Research Triangle Park, NC, October 1995.
  • Hanna, S.R.; Lu, Z.; Frey, H.C.; Wheeler, N.; Vukovich, J.; Arunacha-lam, S.; Fernau, M.; Hansen, D.A. Uncertainties in Predicted Ozone Concentrations Due to Input Uncertainties for the UAM-V Photochemical Grid Model Applied to the July 1995 OTAG Domain; Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35 (5), 891–903.
  • Frey, H.C.; Rhodes, D.S. Characterization and Simulation of Uncertain Frequency Distributions: Effects of Distribution Choice, Variability, Uncertainty, and Parameter Dependence; Human Ecol. Risk Assess.: Int. J. 1998, 4 (2), 423–468.
  • Frey, H.C.; Burmaster, D.E. Methods for Characterizing Variability and Uncertainty: Comparison of Bootstrap Simulation and Likelihood- Based Approaches; Risk Anal. 1999, 19 (1), 109–130.
  • Zheng, J.; Frey, H.C. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty Using Mixture Distributions: Evaluation of Sample Size, Mixing Weights and Separation between Components; Risk Anal. 2004, 24 (3), 553–571.
  • Zhao, Y.; Frey, H.C. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty for Censored Data Sets and Application to Air Toxic Emission Factors; Risk Anal., 2004, 24 (4), 1019–1034.
  • Smith, R.L.; French, C.L.; Murphy, D.L.; Thompson, R. Ranking and Selection ofHazardous Air Pollutants for Listing under Section 112(k) ofthe Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990; Technical Support Document of Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy; EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1999. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/urban/urbanpg.html (accessed Oct 1, 2000).
  • Exposure Factors Handbook; EPA-600/8-89-043; Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington DC, 1996. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ordntrnt/ORD/WebPubs/exposure/ (accessed June 2003).
  • Hope, B.K. Distributions Selected for Use in Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment in Oregon; Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 1999, 5 (4), 785–808.
  • Abdel-Aziz, A.; Frey, H.C. Propagation of Uncertainty in Hourly Utility NOx Emissions through a Photochemical Grid Air Quality Model: A Case Study for the Charlotte, NC, Modeling Domain; Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004, 38 (7), 2153–2160.
  • Bloom, D.L.; Byrne, D.M.; Andreson, J.M. Communicating Risk to Senior EPA Policy-Makers: A Focus Group Study; Prepared by Bloom Research and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1993.
  • Thompson, K.M.; Graham, J.D. Going Beyond the Single Number: Using Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Improve Risk Management; Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 1996, 2 (4), 1008–1034.
  • Patrick, D., Ed. Toxic Air Pollution Handbook; Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, 1994
  • Tilley, L. Regulatory and Environmental Services Department, City of Jacksonville, FL. Personal communication, via e-mail, May 26, 2003.
  • Rao, S.T.; Ku, J.Y.; Rao, K.S. Analysis of Toxic Air Contaminant Data Containing Concentrations below the Limit of Detection; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41 (4), 442–448.
  • Gilliom, R.J.; Helsel, D.R. Estimation of Distributional Parameters for Censored Trace Level Water Quality Data 1. Estimation Techniques; Water Resources Res. 1986, 22 (2), 135–146.
  • Newman, M.C.; Dixon, P.M.; Looney, B.B.; Pinder, J.E. Estimating Mean and Variance for Environmental Samples with Below Detection Limit Observations; Water Res. Bull. 1989, 25 (4), 905–915.
  • Haas, C.N.; Scheff, P.A. Estimation of Averages in Truncated Samples; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24 (6), 912–919.
  • Elvira, B.; Rao, S.; Porter, P.S. Identifying Pollution Source Regions using Multiple Censored Data; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33 (13), 2273–2277.
  • Cohen, A.C.; Whitten, B. Parameter Estimation in Reliability and Life Span Models; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1988.
  • Cullen, A.C.; Frey, H.C. Probabilistic Techniques in Exposure Assessment; Plenum Press: New York, 1999.
  • Morgan, M.G.; Henrion, M. Uncertainty: A Guide to Dealingwith Uncertainty in Qualitative Risk and Policy Analysis; Cambridge University Press: New York, 1990.
  • Zheng, J. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty in Emission Estimation: General Methodology and Software Implementation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 2002. Available at: www.lib.ncsu.edu.
  • Abdel-Aziz, A.; Frey, H.C. Development of Hourly Probabilistic Utility NOx Emission Inventories Using Time Series Techniques: Part I—Uni-variate Approach; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 5379–5389.
  • Abdel-Aziz, A.; Frey, H.C. Development of Hourly Probabilistic Utility NOx Emission Inventories Using Time Series Techniques: Part II— Multivariate Approach; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 5391–5401.
  • Seinfeld, J.H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ofAir Pollution; Wiley and Sons: New York, 1986.
  • Ott, W. A Physical Explanation of the Lognormality of Pollutant Concentrations; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1990, 40 (10), 13781383.
  • Ott, W. Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis; Lewis: Boca Raton, FL, 1995.
  • Lu, H.C. Comparisons of Statistical Characteristic of Air Pollutants in Taiwan by Frequency Distribution; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53 (5), 608–616.
  • Efron, B.; Tibshirani, R.J. An Introduction to Bootstrap; Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability; Chapman and Hall: New York, 1993.
  • Bammi, S. Quantitative Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty in On-Road and Non-Road Mobile Source Emission Factors. Master's Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 2001.
  • Emission Inventory Improvement Program: Pesticides—Agricultural and Nonagricultural; Prepared by Eastern Research Program, for Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/eiip/techreport/volume03/iii09_jun2001.pdf (accessed January 2003).
  • Li, S. Development and Demonstration of a Methodology for Characterizing and Managing Uncertainty and Variability in Emission Inventories. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 2002.
  • Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States, 1998; Appendix C; EIA/DOE-0573; U.S. Energy Information Agency: Washington, DC, November 5, 1999. Available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/gg99rpt/appendixc.html (accessed Feb 4, 2004).
  • Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 1.1 Bituminous and Subbituminous Coal Combustion; Prepared by Acurex Environmental Corporation, Edward Aul & Associates, and E.H. Pechan and Associates, for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1993. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/bgdocs/b01s01.pdf (accessed February 2003).
  • Emission FactorDocumentation forAP-42 Section 1.3 Fuel Oil Combustion; Prepared by by Eastern Research Group, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1993. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/bgdocs/b01s03.pdf (accessed February 2003).
  • Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 2.6 Medical Waste Incineration; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1993. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch02/bgdocs/b02s03.pdf (accessed February 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of 1,3-Butadiene; EPA-454/R-96-008; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1998. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/butadn-a.pdf (accessed February 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources ofBenzene; EPA-454/ R-98-011; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1998. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/benzene/index.html (accessed in February 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Formaldehyde; EPA-450/4-91-012; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1991. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/benzene/index.html (accessed February 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources ofMercury and Mercury Compounds; EPA-454/R-97-012; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1997. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/mercury1.pdf (accessed May 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources ofArsenic and Arsenic Compounds; EPA-454/R-98-013; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1998. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/arsnic_1.pdf (accessed May 2003).
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Lead and Lead Compounds; EPA-454/R-98-006; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1998. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/lead1.pdf (accessed May 2003).
  • California AirToxics Emission FactorIIDatabase; Research Division, Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency: Sacramento, CA, 2000. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/emisinv/catef/catef.htm (accessed February 2003).
  • Gantam, M.; Clark, N.N. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory, Air Quality Modeling, Source Apportionment and Air Toxics Emission Inventory; CRC Project No. E-55/ E-59; Coordinating Research Council: Atlanta, GA, 2003. Available at: http://www.crcao.com/ (accessed May 2003).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.