423
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Processes Influencing Secondary Aerosol Formation in the San Joaquin Valley during Winter

, , &
Pages 1679-1693 | Published online: 27 Feb 2012

References

  • San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District. 2003 PM10Plan; San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District: Fresno, CA, 2003.
  • Watson, J.G.; Gertler, A.W.; Prowell, G.H.; Chow, J.C.; Hering, S.V.; Richards, L.W.; Blumenthal, D.L. Causes of Secondary Aerosol in the San Joaquin Valley Determined from the WOGA Aerosol Data Base; DRI Document No. 6687.4F1; Final report prepared for Western Oil and Gas Association, Los Angeles, CA, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1987.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Solomon, P.A.; Magliano, K.; Ziman, S.; Richards, L.W. PM10 Source Apportionment in California’s San Joaquin Valley; Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26A, 3335-3354.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Solomon, P.A.; Magliano, K.; Ziman, S.D.; Richards, L.W. PM10 and PM2.5 chemical characteristics and source apportionment in the San Joaquin Valley; In Planning and Managing Regional Air Quality Modeling and Measurement Studies: A Perspective through the San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study and AUSPEX; Solomon, P.A.; Silver, T., Eds.; CRC Press, Inc.: Boca Raton, FL, 1994, pp 687-698.
  • Chow, J.C.; Egami, R.T. San Joaquin Valley 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study: Documentation, Evaluation, and Descriptive Data Analysis of PM10, PM2.5, and Precursor Gas Measurements. Technical Support Studies no. 4 and no. 8; DRI Document No. 5460.1F1; Final report prepared for the Technical Support Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1997.
  • Kumar, N.; Lurmann, F.W.; Pandis, S.; Ansari, A. Analysis of Atmospheric Chemistry during 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study; STI-997214-1791-FR; Report prepared for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, c/o the California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, by Sonoma Technology, Inc.: Petaluma, CA, 1998.
  • Strader, R.; Lurmann, F.; Pandis, S.N. Evaluation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Winter; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 4849-4864.
  • California Air Resources Board. 2002 California PM2.5 Monitoring Network Description; Report prepared for the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Resources Board: Sacramento, CA, 2003.
  • Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Bowen, J.L.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Hering, S.; Ouchida, P.; Oslund, W.E. Air Quality Measurements from the Fresno Supersite; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1321-1334.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell, R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185-1201.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Crow, D.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Merrifield, T. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 23-34.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Magliano, K. Loss of PM2 . 5 Nitrate from Filter Samples in Central California; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2005, 55, 1158-1168.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Chen, L.W. A.; Tropp, R. J.; Park, K.; Magliano, K. PM2.5 and PM10 Mass Measurements in California’s San Joaquin Valley; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 796-810.
  • Park, K.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Trimble, D.; Doralswamy, P.; Arnott, W.P.; Stroud, K.R.; Bowers, K.; Bode, R.; Petzold, A.; Hansen, A.D. A Comparison of Continuous and Filter-Based Carbon Measurments at the Fresno Supersite; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 474-491.
  • MacDonald, C.P.; McCarthy, M.C.; Dye, T.S.; Wheeler, N.J.M., Hafner, H.R.; Roberts, P.T. Transport and Dispersion during Wintertime Particulate Matter Episodes in the San Joaquin Valley, California; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 961-976.
  • Allen, J.O., Hughes, L.S., Salman, L.G., Mayo, P.R., Johnson, R.J., Cass, G.R. Characterization and Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Aerosols during PM2.5 and PM10 Episodes in the South Coast Air Basin; Report 22-A to the Coordinating Research Council; Coordinating Research Council: Alpharetta, GA, 2000.
  • Geller, M.D., Fine, P.M., Sioutas, C. The Relationship between Real-Time and Time-Integrated Coarse (2.5–10 [H9262]m), Intermodal (1–2.5 [H9262]m), and Fine ([H11021]2.5 [H9262]m) Particulate Matter in the Los Angeles Basin. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 1029-1039.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Cass, G.R. Source Apportionment of Wintertime Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Air Pollutants Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 1821-1832.
  • Pandis, S.N.; Harley, R.A.; Cass, G.R.; Seinfeld, J.H. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Transport; Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26A, 2266-2282.
  • Turpin, B.J.; Lim, H.-J. Species Contribution to PM2.5 Mass Concentrations: Revisiting Common Assumptions for Estimating Organic Mass; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 602-610.
  • Chung, S.H.; Seinfeld, J.H. Global Distribution and Climate Forcing of Carbonaceous Aerosols; J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2002, 107, 4407-4422.
  • Kanakidou, M.; Seinfeld, J.H.; Pandis, S.N.; Barnes, I.; Dentener, F.J.; Facchini, M.C.; Van Dingenen, R.; Ervens, B.; Nenes, A.; Nielsen, C.J.; Swietlicki, E.; Putaud, J.P.; Balkanski, Y.; Fuzzi, S.; Horth, J.; Moortgat, G.K.; Winterhalter, R.; Myhre, C.E.L., Tsigaridis, K.; Vignati, E.; Stephanou, E.G.; Wilson, J. Organic Aerosol and Global Climate Modeling: a Review; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2005, 5, 1053-1123.
  • Griffin, R.J.; Dabdub, D.; Seinfeld, J.H. Secondary Organic Aerosol 1. Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism for Production of Molecular Constituents; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, 4332.
  • Bowman, F.M.; Odum, J.R.; Pandis, S.N.; Seinfeld, J.H. Mathematical Modeling of Gas-Particle Partitioning of Secondary Organic Aerosols; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31, 3921-3931.
  • Odum, J.R.; Hoffman, T.; Bowman, F.; Collins, T.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Gas-Particle Partitioning and Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2580-2585.
  • Pankow, J.F. An Absorption Model of the Gas/Aerosol Partitioning Involved in the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 189-193.
  • Pandis, S.N.; Wexler, A.S.; Seinfeld, J.H. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Transport—II. Predicting the Ambient Secondary Organic Aerosol Size Distribution; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 2403-2416.
  • Grosjean, D.; Seinfeld, J.H.; Parameterization of the Formation Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosols; Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 1733-1747.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Fraser, M.P.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R. T. Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Pollutants during a Severe Photochemical Smog Episode; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3806-3814.
  • Zheng, M.; Cass, G.R.; Schauer, J.J.; Edgerton, E.S. Source Apportionment of PM2 . 5 in the Southeastern United States Using Solvent-Extractable Organic Compounds as Tracers; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 2361-2371.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Fraser, M.P.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Pollutants during a Severe Photochemical Smog Episode. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3806-3814.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Cass, G.R. Source Apportionment of Wintertime Gas-Phase Air Pollutants Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Report prepared for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency by California Institute of Technology, Inc., Pasadena, CA, 1998.
  • Seinfeld, J.H.; Pankow, J.F. Organic Atmospheric Particulate Material; Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2003, 54, 121-140.
  • Brown, S.G.; Herckes, P.; Ashbaugh, L.; Hannigan, M.P.; Kreidenweis, S.M.; Collett, J.L., Jr. Characterization of Organic Aerosol in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 5807-5818.
  • Seinfeld, J.H.; Pandis, S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: from Air Pollution to Global Change; J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York, NY, 1998.
  • Lim, H.-J.; Turpin, B.J.; Edgerton, E.; Hering, S.V.; Allen, G.A.; Maring, H.; Solomon, P. Semicontinuous Aerosol Carbon Measurements: Comparison of Atlanta Supersite Measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 8419.
  • Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Identification of Secondary Organic Aerosol Episodes and Quantification of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentration during SCAQS; Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 3527-3544.
  • Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Secondary Formation of Organic Aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin: a Descriptive Analysis of Organic and Elemental Carbon (EC) Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1991, 25A, 207-215.
  • Kleindienst, T.E.; Smith, D.F.; Li, W.; Edney, E.O.; Driscoll, D.J.; Speer, R.E.; Weathers, W.S. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Dry Submicron Ammonium Sulfate Aerosol; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 3669-3681.
  • Castro, L.M.; Pio, C.A.; Harrison, R.M.; Smith, D.J.T. Carbonaceous Aerosol in Urban and Rural European Atmospheres: Estimation of Secondary OC Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2771-2781.
  • Cabada, J.C.; Pandis, S.N.; Robinson, A.L. Sources of Atmospheric Carbonaceous Particulate Matter in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 732-741.
  • Russell, M.; Allen, D.T. Seasonal and Spatial Trends in Primary and Secondary OC Concentrations in Southeast Texas; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 3225-3239.
  • Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C. A Wintertime PM2.5 Episode at the Fresno, CA, Supersite; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 465-475.
  • Cabada, J.C.; Pandis, S.N.; Subramanian, R.; Robinson, A.L.; Polidori, A.; Turpin, B. Estimating the Secondary Organic Aerosol Contribution to PM2 . 5 Using the EC Tracer Method; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 140-155.
  • Neuman, J.A.; Nowak, J.B.; Brock, C.A.; Trainer, M.; Fehenseld, F.C.; Holloway, J.S.; Hubler, G.; Hudson, P.K.; Murphy, D.M.; Hicks, D.K., Jr.; Orsini, D.; Parrish, D.D.; Ryerson, T.B.; Sueper, D.T.; Sullivan, A.; Weber, R. Variability in Ammonium Nitrate Formation and Nitric Acid Depletion with Altitude and Location over California; J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 4557.
  • Stelson, A.W.; Seinfeld, J.H. Relative Humidity and Temperature Dependence of the Ammonium Nitrate Dissociation Constant; Atmos. Environ. 1982, 16, 983-992.
  • Mozurkewich, M. The Dissociation Constant of Ammonium Nitrate and Its Dependence on Temperature, Relative, Humidity, and Particle Size; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27, 261-270.
  • Blanchard, C.L.; Roth, P.M.; Tanenbaum, S.J.; Ziman, S.D.; Seinfeld, J.H. The Use of Ambient Measurements to Identify Which Precursor Species Limit Aerosol Nitrate Formation; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 2073-2084.
  • Pun, B.K.; Seigneur, C. Sensitivity of Particulate Matter Nitrate Formation to Precursor Emissions in the California San Joaquin Valley; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2979-2987.
  • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Evaluated Kinetic Data; available at: http://www.iupac-kinetic.ch.cam.ac.uk/ (accessed 2006).
  • Brown, S.G.; Roberts, P.T.; McCarthy, M.C.; Lurmann, F.W.; Hyslop, N.P. Wintertime Vertical Variations in Particulate Matter and Precursor Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Regional Coarse PM/Fine PM Air Quality Study; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2005, 56:1267-1277.
  • Riemer, N.; Voge, H.; Vogel, B.; Schell, B.; Ackermann, I.; Kessler, C.; Hass, H. Impact of the Heterogeneous Hydrolysis of N2O5 on Chem
  • istry and Nitrate Aerosol Formation in the Lower Troposphere under Photosmog Conditions; J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 4144.
  • Platt, U.; Winer, A.M.; Biermann, H.W.; Atkinson, R.; Pitts, J.N., Jr. Measurement of Nitrate Radical Concentrations in Continental Air; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 365-369.
  • Smith, N.; Plane, J.M. C.; Nien, C.; Solomon, P.A. Nighttime Radical Chemistry in the San Joaquin Valley; Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 2887-2897.
  • Fish, D.J.; Shallcross, D.E.; Jones, R.L. The Vertical Distribution of NO3 in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 687-691.
  • Geyer, A.; Stutz, J. Vertical Profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOx in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer: 2. Model Studies on the Altitude Dependence of Composition and Chemistry; J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2004, 109, D12307.
  • Allan, B.J.; Plane, J.M.C.; Coe, H.; Shillito, J. Observation of NO3 Concentrations Profiles in the Troposphere; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, 4588. 58. Stutz, J.; Alicke, B.; Ackermann, R.; Geyer, A.; White, A.; Williams, E. Vertical Profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOx in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer: 1. Observations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000; J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2004, 109, D12306.
  • Pun, B.K.; Seigneur, C. Understanding Particulate Matter Formation in the California San Joaquin Valley: Conceptual Model and Data Needs; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 4865-4875.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.