Deradicalizing Digital Islamic Space Through The Al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama’ah (Aswaja) Thoughts: Indonesia and Malaysia Cases

References

• Abdusshomad, M. 2009. Aqidah Ahlussunnah wal jama’ah. Surabaya: Khalista.
   Google Scholar
• Abdullah, M. A. 1997. Falsafah Kalam di Era Postmodernisme. Yogyakarsta: Pustaka Pelajar.
   Google Scholar
• Abdullah, A., M. Hasbi, and H. Halim. “Nahdhatul Ulama: From Traditionalist to Modernist.” International Conference On Islam And Muslim Societies (Iconis) 2018: Being Muslim in a Disrupted Millennial Age, 2019. IAIN Salatiga.
   Google Scholar
• Adeni, A., and N. Hamid. “Pergulatan Kelompok Civil Islam Arus Utama dan Sempalan dalam Ranah Private, Public, Market, dan State: Pendekatan Sosiologis.” International Journal Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, vol. 22, no. 1, 2020, pp. 71–96. doi: 10.21580/ihya.22.1.5586.
   Google Scholar
• Adeni, A., and M. Mudhofi. “How to Communicate Islam via New Media? Some Lessons from The Quraish Shihab Podcast.” INJECT, vol. 7, no. 2, 2022, pp. 127–40. doi: 10.18326/inject.v7i2.%25p.
   Google Scholar
• Alfarisi, S., & Mailin. “New Media: Islam against Global Propaganda (Antithesis Against Islamophobia in Southeast Asia).” Al-Mufida: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, vol. 6, no. 1, 2021, pp. 75–85. https://jurnal.dharmawangsa.ac.id/index.php/almufida/article/view/1704/pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Aminah, S. Perkembangan Akidah Iahlussunnnah Waljamaah Sampai Saat Ini, IAIN Pontianak, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Achmad, M., Khoiruddin, and M. N. Ichwan. “From Personal to Communal: The Conflict among Sunni- Shìite in Sampang, East Java.” Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization, vol. 2, no. 1, 2019, pp. 31–58.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Akiti, M. A., and Z. Abidin. 2019. Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah dalam Konteks Alam Melayu. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Asyairah Ahli Sunah Waljamaah 3.0 (SUNNI 2019) Melestarikan Warisan Pemikiran Salaf dalam Masyarakat Malaysia.
   Google Scholar
• Akmaliah, W. “The Demise of Moderate Islam: New Media, Contestation, and Reclaiming Religious Authorities.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1–24. doi: 10.18326/ijims.v10i1.1-24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. “The Internet and Islam’s New Interpreters.” New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere, edited by D. F. Dalam Eickleman. Indiana University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Anwar, K. “Ahl as Sunnah waal Jama’ah in Indonesia: A Study on Al-Banjari’s and Islam Nusantara Sunnism.” NALAR: Jurnal Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam, vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 28–37. http://e-journal.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/nalar. doi: 10.23971/njppi.v6i1.4364.
   Google Scholar
• Azra, A. “The Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama’ah in Southeast Asia: The Literature of Malay-Indonesia ―Ulama and Reforms.” Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage, vol. 2, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1–21. doi: 10.31291/hn.v2i1.100.
   Google Scholar
• Badhrulhisham, A. “Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah Dan Pemakaiannya Dimalaysia: Isu Dan Cabaran.” Jurnal Ulwan, vol. 1, 2016, pp. 128–49.
   Google Scholar
• Balevo-Dalton, O. “The Impact of New Media and Internet on Terrorism.” Estonian Academy of Security Sciences, 2023, pp. 1-18. doi: 10.15158/0skz-3a87.
   Google Scholar
• Barton, G., and G. Fealy, eds. Nabdlatul Ulama: Traditional Islarn and Modernity in Indonesia. Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Binder, J. F., and J. Kenyon. “Terrorism and the Internet: How Dangerous is Online Radicalization?” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, 2022, pp. 997390. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.997390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badrun, A. NU, Kritisisme dan Pergeseran Makna Aswaja. Tiara Wacana, cet. 1, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Bunt, G. Virtually Islamic: Computer-Mediated Communication and Cyber Islamic Environments. University of Wales Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Budiawan, Budiawan. “New Media and Religious Conversion Out of Islam Among Celebrities in Indonesia.” Ikat: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, 2020, pp. 189–99. doi: 10.22146/ikat.v3i2.51048.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, R. Nadhlatul Ulama & the Struggle for Power within Islam & Politics in Indonesia. ISEAS Publishing, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, H. A. When Religion Meets New Media. Routledge, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlan, M. A. “The New Media and Islam: Communication Characteristics and Dynamics.” Journal Communication Spectrum, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–12. https://journal.bakrie.ac.id/index.php/Journal_Communication_spectrum/article/view/35/25.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, L. and D. Cowan, eds. Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet. Routledge, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• El-Fadl, K. A. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. Harper San Francisco, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Farida, U. “Membincang Kembali Ahlussunnah Wa Al-Jamaah: Pemaknaan dan Ajarannya dalam Perspektif Mutakallimin.” Fikrah, vol. 2, no. 1, 2014, pp. 41-56. doi: 10.21043/fikrah.v2i1.558.
   Google Scholar
• Fernback, J. “Internet Ritual: A Case of the Construction of Computer-Mediated Neopagan Religious Meaning.” Practicing Religion in the Age of Media, edited by S. Hoover and L. S. Clark. Columbia University Press, 2002, pp. 254–75.
   Google Scholar
• Feener, M. Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Gusmian, I. Khazanah Tafsir Indonesia. Teraju, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, D. D. Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice. Princeton University Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Hambali, Hartati. “Transformasi NU di Indonesia.” Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, vol. 20, no. 1, 2018, pp. 35–48. https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/substantia. doi: 10.22373/substantia.v20i1.3404.
   Google Scholar
• Hasan, M. T. “Ahlus Sunnah Waljamaah: Pengertian Dan Aktualisasinya.” Dalam Imam Baehaqi, Kontroversi Aswaja. LkiS, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hasan, M. Perkembangan Ahl As-Sunnah Wa al-Jama‟ah di Asia Tenggara. Duta Media Publishing, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Hjarvard, Stig. The Mediatization of Culture and Society, Routledge, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, Lorne L., and Jenna Hennebry. “New Religions and the Internet: Recruiting in a New Public Sphere.” Journal of Contemporary Religion, vol. 14, no. 1, 1999, pp. 17–39. doi: 10.1080/13537909908580850.
   Google Scholar
• Khairuddin, W. H. “Kerangka Kajian Ajaran Sesat Menurut Ahli Sunah Waljamaah.” Journal of Ifta and Islamic Heritage, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, pp. 120–49.
   Google Scholar
• Koroglu, O., and O. Tingoy. Principles of Islamic Communication: A Comparison with Western Communication Approaches and Some Turkish Examples. World Congress on Islamic Systems (World-ISLAM, 2011), 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lövheim, M. Intersecting Identities: Young People, Religion and Interaction on the Internet. Uppsala University, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Mas’ud, A. Dinamika Pesantren dan Madrasah. Pustaka Pelajar, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Mahaiyadin, M. H. Memahami Proses Istinbat Hukum Syarak. Excelligent Resources, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Mahaiyadin, M. H. Bagaimana Berinteraksi dengan Bida’ah? Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Mainiyo, A. S. “The Qur’an and Other Divine Books.” The Islamic Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 4, 2015, pp. 363–84.
   Google Scholar
• Mowlana, H. “Theoretical Perspectives on Islam and Communication.” The Global Intercultural Communication Reader, 303–16. Routledge, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Muhammad, N. K. “Modernitas Nahdlatul Ulama: Bermain-Main Diantara Tradisional dan Ke-Modern-an.” Dialog, vol. 34, no. 1, 2017, pp. 17–29. doi: 10.47655/dialog.v34i1.134.
   Google Scholar
• Mukri, M. NU Mengawal Perubahan Zaman. LTN PWNU Lampung, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Musawar. “Literalisme Salafi: Suatu Metode Ijithad dalam Memaknai Jihad pada Era Kontemporer.” Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, vol. 14, No. 1, 2015, pp. 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Muqoyyidin, A. W. “Kitab Kuning dan Tradisi Riset Pesantren di Nusantara.” IBDA: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya, vol. 12, no. 2, 1970, pp. 119–36. doi: 10.24090/ibda.v12i2.441.
   Google Scholar
• Muzadi, A. M. NU dan Fiqih Kontekstual. LKPSM NU DIY, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Nasution, H. Teologi Islam; Aliran-Aliran, Sejarah Analisa Perbandingan. UI Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Nasrullah. Urgensi Sinergitas Metode dan Pendekatan Tafsir Kitab Suci, 2016. ejournal.fiaiunisi.ac.id/index.php/syahadah/article/download/63/59, 12.
   Google Scholar
• Nesbitt, P. D. “We Are Engaging Religion in a Contested Age: Contestations, Postmodernity, and Social Change—Sociology of Religion.” Sociology of Religion, vol. 81, no. 2, 2020, pp. 142–57. Volume Issue doi: 10.1093/socrel/srz047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noer, D. The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia, 1900-1942. Oxford University Press, 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Nurwahidah, S. H. “Suni.” Ensiklopedi Islam, edited by Azyumardi Azra. Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• O’Leary, S., and B. Brasher. “The Unknown God of the Internet: Religious Communication from the Ancient Agora to the Virtual Forum.” Philosophical Perspectives in Computer-Mediated Communication, edited by C. Ess. State University of New York Press, 1996, pp. 233–70.
   Google Scholar
• Pabbajah, M., H. Jubba, R. N. Widyanti, and S. Iribaram. 2019. “Internet of Religion: Islam and New Media Construction of Religious Movements in Indonesia.” AICIS 2019, October 01-04, Jakarta, Indonesia.
   Google Scholar
• Qomar, M. “Implementasi Aswaja Dalam Perspektif NU di Tengah Kehidupan Masyarakat.” IAIN Tulungagung Research Collections, vol. 2, no. 01, 2014, pp. 161-183. https://www.neliti.com/publications/67453/implementasi-aswaja-dalam-perspektif-nu-di-tengah-kehidupan-masyarakat#cite.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, Y. “Penafsiran Tekstual dan Kontekstual terhadap al-Qur‟an dan Hadist (Kajian terhadap Muslim Salafi dan Muslim Progresif).” Journal of Qur‟an and Hadist Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, 2012, pp. 297-302. doi: 10.15408/quhas.v1i2.1329.
   Google Scholar
• Rokhmad, A. 2019. Islam & Aliran Perspektif HAM dan Maqashid al-Syariaha. CV. Varos Mitra Utama Wates.
   Google Scholar
• Saleh, F. “The School of Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al-Jama’ah and The Attachment of Indonesian Muslims to Its Doctrines.” Journal of Indonesian Islam, vol. 2, no. 1, 2008, pp. 16–38. doi: 10.15642/JIIS.2008.2.1.16-38.
   Google Scholar
• Saparudin, Saparudin. “Ideological Trap in Education: Rivalry Discourse on Islamic Literatures in NW and Salafi Schools in Lombok.” TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, pp. 19–34. doi: 10.15408/tjems.v9i1.24837.
   Google Scholar
• Shihab, H. Z. A. Akidah Ahl Sunnah wal Jama’ah Versi Salaf-Khalaf dan Posisi Asy’ariyah di antara Keduanya. Bumi Aksara, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Tulga, A. Y. The Role of Mass Media in Terrorism and Its Effect on Individuals. İnsan&İnsan, vol. 7, no. 25, 2020, pp. 47–64. doi: 10.29224/insanveinsan.695346.
   Google Scholar
• Wahid, D., and J. Makruf. Suara Salafisme. Prenada Media Group, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Yasid, A. 2022. Pedoman bagi Warga NU dan Umat Islam Nusantara. Yogyakarta: IRCISOD.
   Google Scholar
• Yumitro, G., D. E. Kurniawati, E. A. Abdelsalam, and S. F. M. Shukri. “The Influences of Social Media toward the Development of Terrorism in Indonesia.” Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 16–31. https://ejournal.unitomo.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/4429. doi: 10.25139/jsk.v6i1.3849.
   Google Scholar
• Zain, A. M. D. “Kedudukan Fahaman Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah di Malaysia Abad Ke-21 M.” Doctoral Dissertation. Universiti Utara Malaysia, 2022.
   Google Scholar