Global and Local Processing: A Clarification and Integration

References

• Anderson , J. R. 1982 . Acquisition of cognitive skill . Psychological Review. , 89 : 369 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. R. 1983 . The architecture of cognition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bless , H. 2001 . “ Mood and the use of general knowledge struct ” . In Theories of mood and cognition: A user's guidebook , Edited by: Martin , L. L. and Clore , G. L. 9 – 26 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Bless , H. , Bohner , G. , Schwarz , H. and Strack , F. 1990 . Mood and persuasion . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. , 16 : 331 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhausen , G. V. 1993 . “ Emotions, arousal, and stereotypic judgments: A heuristic model of affect and stereotyping ” . In Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception , Edited by: Mackie , D. M. and Hamilton , D. L. 13 – 37 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. and Neuberg , S. L. 1990 . “ A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Vol. 23 , 1 – 74 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. and Pavelchak , M. A. 1986 . “ Category-based versus piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-triggered affect ” . In Handbook of motivation and cognition , 167 – 203 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Förster , J. 2009 . Relations between perceptual and conceptual scope . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 138 : 88 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förster , J. , Friedman , R. S. , Özelsel , A. and Denzler , M. 2006 . Enactment of approach and avoidance behavior influences the scope of perceptual and conceptual attention . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 42 : 133 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förster , J. and Liberman , N. 2007 . “ Knowledge activation ” . In Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Kruglanski , A. W. and Higgins , E. T. 201 – 231 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Förster , J. , Liberman , N. and Shapira , O. 2009 . Preparing for novel versus familiar events: Shifts in global and local processing . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 138 : 383 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , R. S. , Fishbach , A. , Förster , J. and Werth , L. 2003 . Attentional priming effects . Creativity Research Journal , 15 : 277 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , R. S. and Förster , J. 2001 . The effects of promotion and prevention cues on creativity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 1001 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita , K. , Henderson , M. , Eng , J. , Trope , Y. and Liberman , N. 2006 . Spatial distance and mental construal of social events . Psychological Science , 17 : 278 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , W. L. , Gabriel , S. and Lee , A. Y. 1999 . “I” value freedom but “we” value relationships . Psychological Science , 10 : 321 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , E. T. 1996 . “ Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience ” . In Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , Edited by: Higgins , E. T. and Kruglanski , A. W. 133 – 168 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Higgins , E. T. 1997 . Beyond pleasure and pain . American Psychologist , 52 : 1280 – 1300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , E. T. 1998 . “ From expectancies to worldviews ” . In Attribution and social interaction: The legacy of Edward E. Jones , Edited by: Darley , J. M. and Cooper , J. 243 – 309 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y.-J. , Park , J. W. and Wyer , R. S. 2009 . The effects of temporal distance and memory . Journal of Consumer Research , 36 : 634 – 645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühnen , U. and Oyserman , D. 2002 . Thinking about the self influences thinking in general: Procedural consequences of self-construal activation . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 38 : 492 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 1982 . Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition . American Psychologist. , 37 : 1019 – 1024 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Liberman , N. , Trope , Y. and Stephan , E. 2007 . “ Psychological distance ” . In Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , Edited by: Kruglanski , A. W. and Higgins , E. T. Vol. 2 , 353 – 383 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Liviatan , I. , Trope , Y. and Liberman , N. 2008 . Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension: Implications for perception of others' actions . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 44 : 1256 – 1269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macrae , C. N. and Lewis , H. L. 2002 . Do I know you? Processing orientation and face recognition . Psychological Science , 13 : 194 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , H. R. and Kitayama , S. 1991 . Culture and the self: . Psychological Review. , 98 : 224 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , P. J. , Wiley , A. R. , Fung , H. and Liang , C. H. 1997 . Personal storytelling as a medium of socialization in Chinese and American families . Child Development. , 68 : 557 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navon , D. 1977 . Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception . Cognitive Psychology , 9 : 353 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman , D. and Sorensen , N. 2009 . “ Undertanding cultural syndrome effects on what and how we think ” . In Understanding culture: Theory, research and application , 25 – 52 . New York : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schimmel , K. and Förster , J. 2008 . How temporal distance changes novices' attitudes towards unconventional arts . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts , 2 : 53 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. 1990 . “ Feelings as information ” . In Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior , Edited by: Higgins , E. T. and Sorrentino , R. M. Vol. 2 , 527 – 561 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. and Clore , G. L. 1996 . “ Feelings and phenomenal experiences ” . In Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , Edited by: Higgins , E. T. and Kruglanski , A. 433 – 465 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Shen , H. and Wyer , R. S. 2008 . Procedural priming and consumer judgments: Effects on the impact of positively and negatively valenced information . Journal of Consumer Research. , 34 : 727 – 737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , H. , Cai , F. and Wyer , R. S. 2010 . Doing a good thing or just doing it: The effects of goal-based and cognition-based processes on consumer behavior , Chinese University of Hong Kong . Unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• Shen , H. and Wyer , R. S. 2010 . The effect of past behavior on variety seeking. Automatic and deliberative processes . Journal of Consumer Psychology , 20 : 33 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , E. R. 1984 . Model of social inference processes . Psychological Review. , 91 : 392 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , E. R. 1990 . “ Content and process specificity in the effects of prior experiences ” . In Advances in social cognition , Edited by: Srull , T. K. and Wyer , R. S. Vol. 3 , 1 – 59 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. R. 1994 . “ Procedural knowledge and processing strategies in social cognition ” . In Handbook of social cognition, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Wyer , R. S. and Srull , T. K. Vol. 1 , 101 – 151 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. R. and Branscombe , N. R. 1987 . Procedurally mediated social inferences: The case of category accessibility effects . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 23 : 361 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. E. and Fiske , S. T. 1978 . “ Salience, attention and attribution: Top of the head phenomena ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 11 , 249 – 288 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H. C. 1989 . The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts . Psychological Review. , 96 : 506 – 520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyer , R. S. 2008 . “ The role of knowledge accessibility in cognition and behavior: Implications for consumer information processing ” . In Handbook of consumer psychology , Edited by: Haugtvedt , C. , Herr , P. and Kardes , F. 31 – 76 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Wyer , R. S. “ Cultural differences in procedural knowledge and their impact on consumer behavior ” . In Handbook of culture and consumer behavior. , Edited by: Lee , A. Y. and Ng , S. New York : Oxford University Press . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Wyer , R. S. , Shen , H. and Xu , A. J. “ The role of procedural knowledge in the generalization of social behavior ” . In Handbook of social cognition, , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Carlston , D. New York : Oxford University Press . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Wyer , R. S. and Xu , A. J. 2010 . The role of behavioral mindsets in goal-directed activity: Conceptual underpinnings and empirical evidence . Journal of Consumer Psychology. , 20 : 107 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , A. J. and Wyer , R. S. 2007 . The effect of mind-sets on consumer decision strategies . Journal of Consumer Research. , 34 : 556 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , A. J. and Wyer , R. S. 2008 . The comparative mind-set: From animal comparisons to increased purchase intentions . Psychological Science. , 19 : 859 – 864 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar