456
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Multi-level students’ sense of community development in hybrid and online learning environments at higher educational institutions: a systematic literature review

&
Received 19 Jan 2023, Accepted 11 May 2023, Published online: 24 May 2023

References

  • Abrahamson, C. E. (1998). Issues in interactive communication in distance education. College Student Journal, 32(1), 33–43.
  • Alaee, D. Z., Campbell, M. K., & Zwickl, B. M. (2022). Impact of virtual research experience for undergraduates experiences on students’ psychosocial gains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 18(1), 010101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.010101
  • Alamri, H., Lowell, V., Watson, W., & Watson, S. L. (2020). Using personalized learning as an instructional approach to motivate learners in online higher education: Learner self-determination and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 52(3), 322–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1728449
  • Almusharraf, A., & Almusharraf, N. (2021). Socio-interactive practices and personality within an EFL online learning environments. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 3947–3966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10449-8
  • Ameloot, E., Rotsaert, T., & Schellens, T. (2022). The supporting role of learning analytics for a blended learning environment: Exploring students’ perceptions and the impact on relatedness [article]. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12593
  • Arbaugh, B. (2019). An empirical verification of the community of inquiry framework. Online Learning, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v11i1.1738
  • Archambault, L., Leary, H., & Rice, K. (2022). Pillars of online pedagogy: A framework for teaching in online learning environments. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2051513.
  • Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-Contact, distance And affiliation. Sociometry, 28(3), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786027
  • Augsburg, T., & Henry, S. (2009). The politics of interdisciplinary studies. Jefferson.
  • Barr, R. B., & Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning—A new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 27(6), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1995.10544672
  • Bartkus, K. R., Nemelka, B. C., Nemelka, M., & Gardner, P. (2012). Clarifying The meaning Of extracurricular activity: A literature review Of definitions. American Journal of Business Education, 5(6), 693–704. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i6.7391.
  • Batty, L., & Reilly, K. (2022). Understanding barriers to participation within undergraduate STEM laboratories: Towards development of an inclusive curriculum. Journal of Biological Education, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2021.2012227.
  • Belt, E. S., & Lowenthal, P. R. (2022). Synchronous video-based communication and online learning: An exploration of instructors’ perceptions and experiences. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 4941–4964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11360-6.
  • Benson, O. M., & Whitson, M. L. (2022). The protective role of sense of community and access to resources on college student stress and COVID-19-related daily life disruptions. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(6), 2746–2764. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22817.
  • Bigatel, P. M., & Edel-Malizia, S. (2018). Using the “Indicators of Engaged Learning Online” framework to evaluate online course quality. TechTrends, 62(1), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0239-4
  • Border, S., Woodward, C., Kurn, O., Birchall, C., Laurayne, H., Anbu, D., Taylor, C., & Hall, S. (2021). Working in creative partnership with students to Co-produce neuroanatomy E-learning resources in a New Era of blended learning. Anatomical Sciences Education, 14(4), 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.2090
  • Bruffee, K. A. (1993). Collaborative learning: Higher education, interdependence, and the authority of knowledge (2nd ed.). John Hopkins University Press.
  • Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2019). The SAGE handbook of grounded theory. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607941
  • Buckley, P., & Lee, P. (2021). The impact of extra-curricular activity on the student experience. Active Learning in Higher Education, 22(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787418808988
  • Butz, N. T., & Stupnisky, R. H. (2017). Improving student relatedness through an online discussion intervention: The application of self-determination theory in synchronous hybrid programs [article]. Computers and Education, 114, 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.06.006
  • Buzzetto-Hollywood, N., Wang, H., Elobeid, M., & Elobaid, M. (2018). Addressing information literacy and the digital divide in higher education. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning, 14, 077–093. https://doi.org/10.28945/4029
  • Cao, C., & Meng, Q. (2020). Effects of online and direct contact on Chinese international students’ social capital in intercultural networks: Testing moderation of direct contact and mediation of global competence. Higher Education, 80(4), 625–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00501-w
  • Cemalcilar, Z. (2010). Schools as socialisation contexts: Understanding the impact of school climate factors on students’ sense of school belonging. Applied Psychology, 59(2), 243–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00389.x
  • Cerdà, F. L., & Planas, N. C. (2011). Facebook's potential for collaborative e-learning. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 8(2), 197–210. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-79960727357&partnerID = 40&md5 = c09e920febcbacadc04cc08d9a620aed
  • Chang, H., & Windeatt, S. (2016). Developing collaborative learning practices in an online language course. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(8), 1271–1286. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2016.1274331
  • Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Charteris, J., Parkes, M., Gregory, S., Fletcher, P., & Reyes, V. (2018). Student-initiated Facebook sites: Nurturing personal learning environments or a place for the disenfranchised?. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 27(4), 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2018.1507924
  • Chen, R. H. (2022). Effects of deliberate practice on blended learning sustainability: A community of inquiry perspective. Sustainability, 14(3), 1785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031785
  • Chen, W., & Gao, J. (2022). Creating an online community of inquiry: Learner practice and perceptions of community-based feedback giving in academic writing [article]. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2043381.
  • Chen, S. Y., Kuo, H. Y., & Hsieh, T. C. (2019). New literacy practice in a facebook group: The case of a residential learning community. Computers and Education, 134, 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.01.008
  • Cheng, G. (2022). Using the community of inquiry framework to support and analyse BYOD implementation in the blended EFL classroom. The Internet and Higher Education, 54, 100854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100854
  • Cho, M.-H., Kim, Y., & Choi, D. (2017). The effect of self-regulated learning on college students’ perceptions of community of inquiry and affective outcomes in online learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 34, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.04.001
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
  • Compare, C., & Albanesi, C. (2022). Stand together by staying apart: Extreme online service-learning during the pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052749
  • Cunningham, P. D. (2017). Bridging the distance: Using interactive communication tools to make online educa- tion more social. Library Trends, 65(4), 589–613. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2017.0020
  • Dalgarno, B., Reupert, A., & Bishop, A. (2015). Blogging while on professional placement: Explaining the diversity in student attitudes and engagement. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2013.847481
  • Davidson, C., & Wilson, K. (2013). Reassessing tinto's concepts of social and academic integration in student retention. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 15(3), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.2190/CS.15.3.b
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). An overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci, & R. M. R (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research. University of Rochester Press.
  • Delaney, L., & Brown, M. (2018). To walk invisible: Distance students in a dual-mode university. Distance Education, 39(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1457948
  • Demski, J. (2012). This time it’s personal: True student-centered learning has a lot of support from education lead- ers, but it can’t really happen without all the right technology infrastructure to drive it and the technology just may be ready to deliver on its promise. Technological Horizons in Education, 39(1), 32–36.
  • Deng, L., & Tavares, N. J. (2015). Exploring university students’ use of technologies beyond the formal learning context: A tale of two online platforms. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(3), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1505
  • Diep, N. A., Cocquyt, C., Zhu, C., Vanwing, T., & de Greef, M. (2017). Effects of core self-evaluation and online interaction quality on adults’ learning performance and bonding and bridging social capital. The Internet and Higher Education, 34, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.05.002
  • Divine, A., Watson, P. M., Baker, S., & Hall, C. R. (2019). Facebook, relatedness and exercise motivation in university students: A mixed methods investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 91, 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.037
  • Donham, C., Barron, H. A., Alkhouri, J. S., Kumarath, M. C., Alejandro, W., Menke, E., & Kranzfelder, P. (2022). I will teach you here or there, I will try to teach you anywhere: Perceived supports and barriers for emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Stem Education, 9(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00335-1
  • Doo, M. Y., & Bonk, C. J. (2020). The effects of self-efficacy, self-regulation and social presence on learning engagement in a large university class using flipped learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(6), 997–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12455
  • Elsom, S., Westacott, M., Stieler-Hunt, C., Glencross, S., & Rutter, K. (2021). Finding resources, finding friends: Using an alternate reality game for orientation and socialisation in a university enabling program. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1894181.
  • Exter, M., Harlin, N., & Bichelmeyer, B. (2008). Story of a conference: Distance education students’ experiences in a departmental conference. The Internet and Higher Education, 11(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.12.003
  • Gallego-Arrufat, M.-J., & Gutiérrez-Santiuste, E. (2015). Perception of democracy in computer-mediated communication: Participation, responsibility, collaboration, and reflection. Teaching in Higher Education, 20(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.957270
  • Gao, J., Zhao, B., Xiong, Y., & Gan, J. (2021). Optimization design of the online learning environment for ethnic college students: The perspective of the emotional participation. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(8), 1288–1300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1636077
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
  • Ge, Z. G. (2019). Exploring the effect of video feedback from unknown peers on e-learners’ English-Chinese translation performance. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(1–2), 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1677721
  • Grieve, R., Padgett, C. R., & Moffitt, R. L. (2016). Assignments 2.0: The role of social presence and computer attitudes in student preferences for online versus offline marking. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.08.002
  • Hadwin, A. F., Järvelä, S., & Miller, M. (2017). Self-Regulation, Co-regulation, and shared regulation in collaborative learning environments. In D. H. Schunk, & J. A. G (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 83–106). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Hamilton, L. S., & Ercikan, K. (2022). COVID-19 and U.S. schools: Using data to understand and mitigate inequities in instruction and learning. In F. M. Reimers (Ed.), Primary and secondary education during Covid-19: Disruptions to educational opportunity during a pandemic (pp. 327–351). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Hendersona, M., Selwyna, N., Finger, G., & Aston, A. (2015). Students’ everyday engagement with digital technology in university: Exploring patterns of use and ‘usefulness’. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 37(3), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2015.1034424
  • Hew, K. F. (2016). Promoting engagement in online courses: What strategies can we learn from three highly rated MOOCS. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(2), 320–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12235
  • Hew, K. F., Huang, W., Du, J., & Jia, C. (2022). Using chatbots to support student goal setting and social presence in fully online activities: Learner engagement and perceptions. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 35, 40–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-022-09338-x.
  • Hod, Y., & Dvir, M. (2022). Identity artifacts: Resources that facilitate transforming participation in blended learning communities. The Internet and Higher Education, 54, 100846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100846
  • Hu, T., Zhang, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Pan, S., Guo, J., Tian, Z., & Cui, L. (2022). The influence of “small private online course + flipped classroom” teaching on physical education students’ learning motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 938426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938426
  • Huang, Y., & Wang, S. (2022). How to motivate student engagement in emergency online learning? Evidence from the COVID-19 situation. Higher Education, 85, 1101–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00880-2.
  • Ibrahim, M. M., & Nat, M. (2019). Blended learning motivation model for instructors in higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0145-2
  • Järvelä, S., Hadwin, A., Malmberg, J., & Miller, M. (2018). Contemporary perspectives of regulated learning in collaboration. In F. Fischer, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, S. R. Goldman, & P. Reimann (Eds.), International handbook of the learning sciences. Routledge.
  • Joosten-Hagye, D., Katz, A., Sivers-Teixeira, T., & Yonshiro-Cho, J. (2020). Age-friendly student senior connection: Students’ experience in an interprofessional pilot program to combat loneliness and isolation among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(5), 668–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1822308
  • Junus, K., Santoso, H. B., & Ahmad, M. (2022). Experiencing the community of inquiry framework using asynchronous online role-playing in computer-aided instruction class. Education and Information Technologies, 27(2), 2283–2309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10670-5
  • Kargaard, J., & Drange, T. (2017). Increasing student/student and student/lecturer communication through available tools to create a virtual classroom feeling in online education. The international scientific conference eLearning and software for education.April 27-28, 2017.
  • Kebritchi, M., Lipschuetz, A., & Santiague, L. (2017). Issues and challenges for teaching successful online courses in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 46(1), 4–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239516661713
  • Keles, E. (2018). Use of Facebook for the community services practices course: Community of inquiry as a theoretical framework. Computers and Education, 116, 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.09.003
  • Kelly, J. (2002). Collaborative learning: Higher education, interdependence, and the authority of knowledge by kenneth bruffee: A critical study. The Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council, 3(91), 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1995.11774792
  • Kilis, S., & Yıldırım, Z. (2018). Investigation of community of inquiry framework in regard to self-regulation, metacognition and motivation. Computers and Education, 126, 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.032
  • Kuo, Y. C., Belland, B. R., & Kuo, Y.-T. (2017). Learning through blogging: Students’ perspectives in collaborative blog-enhanced learning communities. Educational Technology & Society, 20(2), 37–50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90002162
  • Kwon, S., Kim, W., Bae, C., Cho, M., Lee, S., & Dreamson, N. (2021). The identity changes in online learning and teaching: Instructors, learners, and learning management systems. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00304-8
  • Laux, D., Luse, A., & Mennecke, B. E. (2016). Collaboration, connectedness, and community: An examination of the factors influencing student persistence in virtual communities. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 452–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.046
  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355
  • Leal, W., Wall, T., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Mifsud, M., Pritchard, D. J., Lovren, V. O., Farinha, C., Petrovic, D. S., & Balogun, A.-L. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 and social isolation on academic staff and students at universities: A cross-sectional study. Bmc Public Health, 21(1), 1213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11040-z
  • Lee, S.-M. (2014). The relationships between higher order thinking skills, cognitive density, and social presence in online learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 21, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.12.002
  • Lin, N. (2008). A network theory of social capital. In D. Castiglione, J. V. Deth, & G. W (Eds.), Handbook of social capital (pp. 50–59). Oxford University Press.
  • Linden, S. V. D., Meij, J. V. D., & McKenney, S. (2022). Teacher video coaching, from design features to student impacts: A systematic literature review. Review of Educational Research, 92(1), 114–165. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543211046984
  • Liu, X., Yang, Y., & Ho, J. W. (2022). Students sense of belonging and academic performance via online PBL: A case study of a university in Hong Kong during quarantine. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031495
  • Ludwig-Hardman, S., & Dunlap, J. C. (2003). Learner support services for online students: Scaffolding for success. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v4i1.131
  • Luo, N., Li, H. D., Zhao, L., Wu, Z. N., & Zhang, J. (2021). Promoting student engagement in online learning through harmonious classroom environment. Asia-Pacific Edu Res, 31, 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00606-5.
  • Luo, N., Zhang, M., & Qi, D. (2017). Effects of different interactions on students’ sense of community in e-learning environment. Computers & Education, 115, 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.08.006
  • Madlenak, R., D'Alessandro, S. P., Marengo, A., Pange, J., & Neszmelyi, G. I. (2021). Building on strategic eLearning initiatives of hybrid graduate education a case study approach: MHEI-ME erasmus plus project. Sustainability, 13(14), 7675. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147675
  • Mahmud, S. N. D., Husnin, H., & Soh, T. M. T. (2020). Teaching presence in online gamified education for sustainability learning. Sustainability, 12(9), 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093801
  • May, J. T., Littzen, C. O. R., Morrison, H. W., & Loescher, L. J. (2020). Experiences of dual PHD-DNP nursing students during doctoral education. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(5), 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.02.004
  • McCombs, B. (2015). Learner-Centered online instruction. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2015(144), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20163
  • McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I
  • Mehrabian, A., & Wiener, M. (1967). Decoding of inconsistent communications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6(1), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024532
  • Miao, J., Chang, J. M., & Ma, L. (2022). Teacher-Student interaction, student-student interaction and social presence: Their impacts on learning engagement in online learning environments. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 183(6), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2094211.
  • Mills, J., Yates, K., Harrison, H., Woods, C., Chamberlain-Salaun, J., Trueman, S., & Hitchins, M. (2016). Using a community of inquiry framework to teach a nursing and midwifery research subject: An evaluative study. Nurse Education Today, 43, 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.04.016
  • Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Kemp, J. E., & Kalman, H. (2010). Designing effective instruction. Johm Wiley & Sons.
  • Newell, W. H. (1990). Interdisciplinary curriculum development. ISSUES IN INTEGRATIVE STUDIES, 8, 69–86. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2020.1012086
  • Nye, A. (2015). Building an online academic learning community among undergraduate students. DISTANCE EDUCATION, 36(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.1019969
  • Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students' need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070003323
  • O’Bannon, B. W., Beard, J. L., & Britt, V. G. (2013). Using a Facebook group As an educational tool: Effects on student achievement. Computers in the Schools, 30(3), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2013.805972
  • Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
  • Peacock, S., Cowan, J., Irvine, L., & Williams, J. (2020). An exploration into the importance of a sense of belonging for online learners. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4539
  • Pedro, L., Santos, C., Aresta, M., & Almeida, S. (2015). Peer-supported badge attribution in a collaborative learning platform: The SAPO campus case. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 562–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.024
  • Pelikan, E. R., Korlat, S., Reiter, J., Holzer, J., Mayerhofer, M., Schober, B., Spiel, C., Hamzallari, O., Uka, A., Chen, J. R., Valimaki, M., Puharic, Z., Anusionwu, K. E., Okocha, A. N., Zabrodskaja, A., Salmela-Aro, K., Kaser, U., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Wachs, S., … Luftenegger, M. (2021). Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination-a multi-country study. PLoS ONE, 16(10), e0257346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257346
  • Petrovic-Dzerdz, M., & Trepanier, A. (2018). Online hunting, gathering and sharing - A return to experiential learning in a digital Age. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i2.3732
  • Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Phillips, D., Forbes, H., & Duke, M. (2013). Teaching and learning innovations for postgraduate education in nursing. Collegian, 20(3), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2012.05.003
  • Powner, L. C. (2015). Empirical research and writing: A political science student’s practical guide. Sage/CQ Press.
  • Procentese, F., Capone, V., Caso, D., Donizzetti, A. R., & Gatti, F. (2020). Academic community in the face of emergency situations: Sense of responsible togetherness and sense of belonging as protective factors against academic stress during COVID-19 outbreak [article]. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1–12. Article 9718. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229718
  • Queiros, D. R., & de Villiers, M. R. (2016). Online learning in a South African higher education institution: Determining the right connections for the student. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(5), 165–185. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i5.2552
  • Rahm, D., & Reed, B. J. (1998). Tangled webs in public administration: Organizational issues in distance learning. Public Administration and Management: An Interactive Journal, 3(1), 731–751. http://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13363
  • Ren, X. (2022). Investigating the experiences of online instructors while engaging and empowering non-traditional learners in eCampus. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 237–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11153-x.
  • Ross, J., & Sheail, P. (2017). The “campus imaginary": online students’ experience of the masters dissertation at a distance. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(7), 839–854. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct = true&db = eric&AN = EJ1150183&site = ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1319809
  • Rovai, A. (2002). Building sense of community at a distance. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/IRRODL.V3I1.79
  • Rovai, A. P. (2007). Facilitating online discussions effectively. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.10.001
  • Şavkın, R., Bayrak, G., & Büker, N. (2021). Distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic acceptance and attitudes of physical therapy and rehabilitation students in Turkey. RURAL AND REMOTE HEALTH, 21(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6366
  • Scott, K. S., Sorokti, K. H., & Merrell, J. D. (2016). Learning “beyond the classroom” within an enterprise social network system. The Internet and Higher Education, 29, 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.12.005
  • Sequeira, I., & Daly, P. (2012, June 1). Student associations: The promotion of cultural and social engagement of future managers. Educational innovation in economics and business conference 21, Haarlem.
  • Shea, P. (2019). A study of students’ sense of learning community in online environments. Online Learning, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v10i1.1774
  • Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2012). Learning presence as a moderator in the community of inquiry model. Computers & Education, 59(2), 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.01.011
  • Shea, P., Richardson, J., & Swan, K. (2022). Building bridges to advance the community of inquiry framework for online learning. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2089989.
  • Shim, T. E., & Lee, S. Y. (2020). College students’ experience of emergency remote teaching due to COVID-19. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105578–105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105578
  • Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Sigurdardottir, M. S., Torfason, M. T., & Jonsdottir, A. H. (2022). Social tie formation of COVID-19 students: Evidence from a two-cohort longitudinal study. Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00935-4
  • Sjølie, E., Espenes, T. C., & Buø, R. (2022). Social interaction and agency in self-organizing student teams during their transition from face-to-face to online learning. Computers and Education, 189, 104580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104580
  • Smadi, O., Parker, S., Gillham, D., & Müller, A. (2019). The applicability of community of inquiry framework to online nursing education: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice, 34, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.10.003
  • Smith, U. S., Hayes, S., & Shea, P. (2017). A critical review of the use of wenger's 116-community of practice (CoP) theoretical framework in online and blended learning research. Online Learning, 21(1), 209–237. http://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i1.963
  • Sobaih, A. E., Hasanein, A. M., & Abu Elnasr, A. E. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in higher education: Social media usage for sustaining formal academic communication in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(16), 6520. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166520
  • Strayhorn, T. L. (2012). Exploring the impact of Facebook and myspace Use on first-year students’ sense of belonging and persistence decisions. Journal of College Student Development, 53(6), 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0078
  • Su, C. C., & Chan, N. K. (2017). Predicting social capital on Facebook: The implications of use intensity, perceived content desirability, and Facebook-enabled communication practices. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.058
  • Tang, Y., & Hew, K. F. (2020). Does mobile instant messaging facilitate social presence in online communication? A two-stage study of higher education students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00188-0
  • Tian, M., & Lu, G. (2022). Online learning satisfaction and its associated factors among international students in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 916449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916449
  • Tinmaz, H. (2013). Use of social network web sites and social networks in education. In Y. V. G. E. K. Çagiltay (Ed.), Foundations of instructional technologies: Theories, research studies, approaches (pp. 615–630). Pegem Academy Publication .
  • Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543045001089
  • Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. University of Chicago Press.
  • Tirado Morueta, R., Maraver López, P., Hernando Gómez, Á, & Harris, V. W. (2016). Exploring social and cognitive presences in communities of inquiry to perform higher cognitive tasks. The Internet and Higher Education, 31, 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.07.004
  • Tirado-Morueta, R., Maraver-López, P., Pérez-Rodríguez, A., & Hernando-Gómez, Á. (2020). Exploring social network structure patterns suitable to the community of inquiry model moderated by the task. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(2), 319–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119845695
  • Ustun, A. B., Karaoglan Yilmaz, F. G., & Yilmaz, R. (2021). Investigating the role of accepting learning management system on students’ engagement and sense of community in blended learning. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 4751–4769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10500-8
  • Vayre, E., & Vonthron, A. M. (2017). Psychological engagement of students in distance and online learning: Effects of self-efficacy and psychosocial processes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(2), 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116656849
  • Vrieling-Teunter, E., Henderikx, M., Nadolski, R., & Kreijns, K. (2022). Facilitating peer interaction regulation in online settings: The role of social presence, social space and sociability. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 793798. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.793798
  • Wang, H. Y., & Sun, J. C. Y. (2021). Real-time virtual reality co-creation: Collective intelligence and consciousness for student engagement and focused attention within online communities. Interactive Learning Environments, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1928711.
  • Wang, K., Zhu, C., Li, S., & Sang, G. (2022). Using revised community of inquiry framework to scaffold MOOC-based flipped learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2071948.
  • Waycott, J., Thompson, C., Sheard, J., & Clerehan, R. (2017). A virtual panopticon in the community of practice: Students’ experiences of being visible on social media. The Internet and Higher Education, 35, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.07.001
  • Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932
  • Welch, J. (2003). Future directions for interdisciplinary effectiveness in higher education: A delphi study. Issues in Integrative Studies, 21, 170–203.
  • Wellman, B., & Gulia, M. (2018). The network basis of social support: A network Is more than the Sum of Its ties. In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in the global village (pp. 83–118). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429498718-3
  • Whiting, K. (2020). Is this what higher education will look like in 5 years? https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/higher-education-online-change-cost-covid-19/
  • Wilson, G. B. (2001). Sense of community as a valued outcome for electronic courses, cohorts, and programs Paper presented at the VisionQuest PT3 Conference, Denver, CO. http://carbon.cudenvcr.eduy∼bwllsün/SenscOfCommunity.html
  • Wu, W.-C. V., Hsieh, J. S. C., & Yang, J. C. (2017). Creating an online learning community in a flipped classroom to enhance EFL learners’ oral proficiency. Educational Technology & Society, 20(2), 142–157.
  • Yeung, M. W. L., Yau, A. H. Y., & Lee, C. Y. P. (2022). How should webcams be used in online learning under COVID-19: A co-orientation analysis of teachers’ and students’ perceptions of student social presence on webcam. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(2), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12751.
  • Yin, B., & Yuan, C.-H. (2021). Precision teaching and learning performance in a blended learning environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 631125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631125
  • Yin, B., & Yuan, C. H. (2022). Blended learning performance influence mechanism based on community of inquiry. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2022.2061912.
  • Zhang, S., & Liu, Q. (2019). Investigating the relationships among teachers’ motivational beliefs, motivational regulation, and their learning engagement in online professional learning communities. Computers & Education, 134, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.013
  • Zheng, F., Khan, N. A., & Hussain, S. (2020). The COVID 19 pandemic and digital higher education: Exploring the impact of proactive personality on social capital through internet self-efficacy and online interaction quality. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105694
  • Zhu, W., Hua, Y., Zhu, G., & Wang, L. (2022). Share and embrace demographic and location diversity: Creating an Instagram-based inclusive online learning community. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(6), 1530–1548. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13272

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.