The Influence of Image Valence on the Attention Paid to Charity Advertising

References

• Agarwal, S., & Xavier, M. J. (2015). Innovations in consumer science: Applications of neuro-scientific research tools. In A. Brem & É. Viardot (Eds.), Adoption of innovation (pp. 25–42). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-14523-5_3
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreoni, J. (1990). Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving. Economic Journal, 100(401), 464. doi:10.2307/2234133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Back, F., Carra, G., Chiaramonte, M. S., & Oliveira, A. (2009). Dictator’s game and prisoner’s dilemma in an EEG study on money donation. Psychology and Neuroscience, 2(2), 205–210. doi:10.3922/j.psns.2009.2.013
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184–206. doi:10.1177/0092070399272005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barraza, J. A., Alexander, V., Beavin, L. E., Terris, E. T., & Zak, P. J. (2015). The heart of the story: Peripheral physiology during narrative exposure predicts charitable giving. Biological Psychology, 105, 138–143. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebko, C., Sciulli, L. M., & Bhagat, P. (2014). Using eye tracking to assess the impact of advertising appeals on donor behavior. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 354–371. doi:10.1080/10495142.2014.965073
   Google Scholar
• Bergerud, T. (2013). How neuromarketing can help strengthen the non profit sector: An eye tracking study of emotional appeals in fundraising communications. Copenhagen, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Bertin, M., Tokumi, R., Yasumatsu, K., Kobayashi, M., & Inoue, A. (2014). Application of EEG to TV commercial evaluation. In T. D. Pham, K. Ichikawa, M. Oyama-Higa, D. Coomans, & X. Jiang (Eds.), Biomedical informatics and technology (pp. 277–282). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-54121-6_24
   Google Scholar
• Breuer, C., & Rumpf, C. (2015). The impact of color and animation on sports viewers’ attention to televised sponsorship signage. Journal of Sport Management, 29(2), 170–183. doi:10.1123/JSM.2013-0280
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunel, F. F., & Nelson, M. R. (2000). Explaining gendered responses to “Help-Self” and “Help-Others” charity ad appeals: The mediating role of world-views. Journal of Advertising, 29(3), 15–28. doi:10.1080/00913367.2000.10673614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt, C. D. B., & Strongman, K. (2005). Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8), 571–580.
   Google Scholar
• Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 221–243. doi:10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040153.26156.ed
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorak, T., & Toubman, S. R. (2013). Are women more generous than men evidence from alumni donations. Eastern Economic Journal, 39(1), 121–131. doi:10.1057/eej.2012.30
   Google Scholar
• Goodrich, K. (2014). The gender gap: Brain-processing differences between the sexes shape attitudes about online advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(1), 32–43. doi:10.2501/JAR-54-1-032-043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon-Jones, E. (2003). Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity. Psychophysiology, 40(6), 838–848. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Peterson, C. K. (2010). The role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in emotion-related phenomena: A review and update. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 451–462. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, R. (2009). Emotional engagement: How television builds big brands at low attention. Journal of Advertising Research, 49(1), 62–73. doi:10.2501/S0021849909090060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández-Méndez, J., & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2015). What type of online advertising is most effective for etourism 2.0? An eye tracking study based on the characteristics of tourists. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 618–625. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E., Leinenger, M., & Rayner, K. (2014). Eye movements when viewing advertisements. Cognition, 5, 210. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, Y.-C., & Chen, K.-H. (2011). How different information types affect viewer’s attention on internet advertising. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 935–945. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffmeijer, R., Alink, L. R. A., Tops, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Asymmetric frontal brain activity and parental rejection predict altruistic behavior: Moderation of oxytocin effects. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 12(2), 382–392. doi:10.3758/s13415-011-0082-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Telecommunication Union, ITU (2002). Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures. ITU-R BT, 500–11. Retrieved March 10, 2012. from http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.500/en
   Google Scholar
• James, R. N., & Sharpe, D. L. (2007). The nature and causes of the u-shaped charitable giving profile. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(2), 218–238. doi:10.1177/0899764006295993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, R., & Johansson, M. (2013). Look here, eye movements play a functional role in memory retrieval. Psychological Science, 25(1), 236–242 doi:10.1177/0956797613498260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone, S. J., Blackman, R., & Bruggemann, J. M. (2012). EEG from a single-channel dry-sensor recording device. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 42(9), 2096–2110. doi:10.1177/1550059411435857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, S. R., Hyde, M. K., & White, K. M. (2012). Predictors of young people’s chariTable intentions to donate money: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2096–2110. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00932.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E.-J., Kwon, G., Shin, H., Yang, S., Lee, S., & Suh, M. (2014). The spell of green: Can frontal EEG activations identify green consumers? Journal of Business Ethics, 122(3), 511–521. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1775-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., & Ahn, J.-H. (2012). Attention to banner ads and their effectiveness: An eye-tracking approach. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 17(1). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1081328408/7BAE350991334B61PQ/1?accountid=14542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Huang, Z., & Christianson, K. (2016). Visual attention toward tourism photographs with text: An eye-tracking study. Tourism Management, 54, 243–258. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lwin, M., Phau, I., & Lim, A. (2014). An investigation of the characteristics of Australian charitable donors. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 372–389. doi:10.1080/10495142.2014.965074
   Google Scholar
• Martínez Fiestas, M., Del Jesus, M. I. V., Sánchez Fernández, J., & Montoro Rios, F. J. (2015). A psychophysiological approach for measuring response to messaging. Journal of Advertising Research, 55(2), 192–205. doi:10.2501/JAR-55-2-192-205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merchant, A., Ford, J. B. & Rose, G. (2009). How personal nostalgia influences giving to charity. Journal of Business Research, 64, 610–616.
   Google Scholar
• Merchant, A., Ford, J. B., & Sargeant, A. (2010). Charitable organizations’ storytelling influence on donors' emotions and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 63(7), 754–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.05.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel, G., & Rieunier, S. (2012). Nonprofit brand image and typicality influences on charitable giving. Journal of Business Research, 65(5), 701–707. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. J., Raye, C. L., McGuire, J. T., Frankel, H., Greene, E. J., & Johnson, M. K. (2008). Neuroimaging evidence for agenda- dependent monitoring of different features during short-term source memory tests. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 780–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelman, R., & Rojas-Méndez, J. I. (2013). Exploring consumer’s needs and motivations in online social lending for development. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 25(4), 309–333. doi:10.1080/10495142.2013.830544
   Google Scholar
• Morillo, L. M. S., García, J. A. A., Gonzalez-Abril, L., & Ramirez, J. A. O. (2015). Advertising liking recognition technique applied to neuromarketing by using low-cost EEG headset. In F. Ortuño & I. Rojas (Eds.), Bioinformatics and biomedical engineering (pp. 701–709). Switzerland: Springer International. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16480-9_68
   Google Scholar
• Navon, D., & Miller, J. (2002). Queuing or sharing? A critical evaluation of the single-bottleneck notion. Cognitive Psychology, 44(3), 193–251. doi:10.1006/cogp.2001.0767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NeuroSky. (2015). NeuroSky MindWave. Retrieved January 15, 2015 from http://press.neurosky.com/MindWave.html
   Google Scholar
• Ohme, R., Reykowska, D., Wiener, D., & Choromanska, A. (2010). Application of frontal EEG asymmetry to advertising research. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(5), 785–793. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsis, G., Sahli, H., Verhelst, W., & Troyer, O. D. (2013). Evaluation of attention levels in a Tetris game using a brain computer interface. In S. Carberry, S. Weibelzahl, A. Micarelli, & G. Semeraro (Eds.), User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (pp. 127–138). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Retrieved January 15, 2015 from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-38844-6_11
   Google Scholar
• Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., Schattke, K., & Jost, N. (2014). Millennials, social media, prosocial emotions, and charitable causes: The paradox of gender differences. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 335–353. doi:10.1080/10495142.2014.965069
   Google Scholar
• Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research (Pre-1986), 10(2), 135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters, R., & Wedel, M. (2004). Attention capture and transfer in advertising: Brand, pictorial, and text-size effects. Journal of Marketing, 68(2), 36–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plassmann, H., Ramsøy, T. Z., & Milosavljevic, M. (2012). Branding the brain: A critical review and outlook. ournal of Consumer Psychology, 22(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.11.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poltavski, D. V., Biberdorf, D., & Petros, T. V. (2012). Accommodative response and cortical activity during sustained attention. Vision Research, 63, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole, B. D., & Gable, P. A. (2014). Affective motivational direction drives asymmetric frontal hemisphere activation. Experimental Brain Research, 232(7), 2121–2130. doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3902-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pynta, P., Seixas, S. A. S., Nield, G. E., Hier, J., Millward, E., & Silberstein, R. B. (2014). The power of social television: Can social media build viewer engagement? A new approach to brain imaging of viewer immersion. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(1), 71–80. doi:10.2501/JAR-54-1-071-080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravaja, N., Somervuori, O., & Salminen, M. (2013). Predicting purchase decision: The role of hemispheric asymmetry over the frontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 6(1), 1–13. doi:10.1037/a0029949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, K., Miller, B., & Rotello, C. M. (2008). Eye movements when looking at print advertisements: The goal of the viewer matters. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22(5), 697–707. doi:10.1002/acp.1389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Dunwell, I., Martínez-Mirón, E. A., Vargas-Cerdán, M. D., De Freitas, S., Liarokapis, F., & García-Gaona, A. R. (2009). Assessing Neurosky’s usability to detect attention levels in an assessment exercise. In J. A. Jacko (Ed.), Human-computer interaction: New trends (pp. 149–158). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Retrieved from 10.1007/978-3-642-02574-7_17
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. A., & Roberts, C. R. (2012). Money matters: Does the symbolic presence of money affect charitable giving and attitudes among adolescents? Young Consumers, 13(4), 329–336. doi:10.1108/17473611211282572
   Google Scholar
• Sciulli, L. M., Bhagat, P. S., & Bebko, C. P. (2012). Eye tracking analysis: Engagement levels and donor tendencies using print advertisements with emotional appeals. Innovative Marketing, 8(2), 91–98.
   Google Scholar
• Small, D. A., & Verrochi, N. M. (2009). The face of need: Facial emotion expression on charity advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(6), 777–787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit, E. G., Boerman, S. C., & van Meurs, L. (2015). The power of direct context as revealed by eye tracking. Journal of Advertising Research, 55(2), 216–227. doi:10.2501/JAR-55-2-216-227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snipes, R. L., & Oswald, S. L. (2010). Charitable giving to not-for-profit organizations: Factors affecting donations to non-profit organizations. Innovative Marketing, 6(1), 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• Solnais, C., Andreu-Perez, J., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Andréu-Abela, J. (2013). The contribution of neuroscience to consumer research: A conceptual framework and empirical review. Journal of Economic Psychology, 36, 68–81. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2013.02.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, B., & Arthur, D. (2013). A novel EEG for alpha brain state training, neurobiofeedback and behavior change. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 19(3), 114–118. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangmanee, C. (2016). Fixation and recall of YouTube ad banners: An eye-tracking study. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 7(1), 49–75. doi:10.7903/ijecs.1404
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. R. (2013). Hot topics in advertising research. International Journal of Advertising. 32(1), 7–72. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-1-007-012
   Google Scholar
• Taute, H. A., McQuitty, S., & Sautter, E. P. (2011). Emotional information management and responses to emotional appeals. Journal of Advertising, 40(3), 31–44. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367400303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teah, M., Lwin, M., & Cheah, I. (2014). Moderating role of religious beliefs on attitudes towards charities and motivation to donate. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(5), 738–760.
   Google Scholar
• Thomsen, S. R., & Fulton, K. (2007). Adolescents’ attention to responsibility messages in magazine alcohol advertisements: An eye-tracking approach. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), 27–34. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treleaven-Hassard, S., Gold, J., Bellman, S., Schweda, A., Ciorciari, J., Critchley, C., & Varan, D. (2010). Using the P3a to gauge automatic attention to interactive television advertising. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(5), 777–784. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varan, D., Lang, A., Barwise, P., Weber, R., & Bellman, S. (2015). How reliable are neuromarketers’ measures of advertising effectiveness? Journal of Advertising Research, 55(2), 176–191. doi:10.2501/JAR-55-2-176-191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchiato, G., Astolfi, L., Tabarrini, A., Salinari, S., Mattia, D., Cincotti, F., … Babiloni, F. (2010). EEG analysis of the brain activity during the observation of commercial, political, or public service announcements. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience: CIN, 985867.
   Google Scholar
• Vecchiato, G., Cherubino, P., Maglione, A. G., Ezquierro, M. T. H., Marinozzi, F., Bini, F., … Babiloni, F. (2014). How to measure cerebral correlates of emotions in marketing relevant tasks. Cognitive Computation, 6(4), 856–871. doi:10.1007/s12559-014-9304-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez, C. E., & Pasch, K. E. (2014). Attention to food and beverage advertisements as measured by eye-tracking technology and the food preferences and choices of youth. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(4), 578–582. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, U., N’Diaye, K., Ethofer, T., & Vuilleumier, P. (2011). Guilt-specific processing in the prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 21(11), 2461–2470. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.-C., & Hsu, M.-C. (2014). An exploratory study using inexpensive electroencephalography (EEG) to understand flow experience in computer-based instruction. Information and Management, 51(7), 912–923. doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, K., & Peloza, J. (July, 2009). Self‐benefit versus other-benefit marketing appeals: their effectiveness in generating charitable support. Journal of Marketing, 73(4), 109–124.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, C., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2014). The role of moral emotions and consumer values and traits in the decision to support nonprofits. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 290–311. doi:10.1080/10495142.2014.965064
   Google Scholar