1,343
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Ammonia Assimilation in Rumen Bacteria: A Review

&
Pages 107-128 | Published online: 27 Mar 2013

REFERENCES

  • Tan Z , Murphy MR . Ammonia production, ammonia absorption, and urea recycling in ruminants . A review. J Anim Feed Sci 2004 ; 13 : 389 – 404 .
  • Nolan JV . Quantitative models of nitrogen metabolism in sheep . In Digestion and metabolism in the ruminant ; Arimdale, Univ. New England Publishing Unit , l975 .
  • Paster BJ , Russell JB , Yang CMJ , Chow JM , Woese CR , Tanner R . Phylogeny of the ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria peptostreptococcus-anaerobius, clostridium-sticklandii, and clostridium-aminophilum Sp-Nov . Inter J Syst Bacteriol 1993 ; 43 : 107 – 110 .
  • Attwood GT , Klieve AV , Ouwerkerk D , Patel BKC . Ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria from New Zealand ruminants . Appl Environ Microbiol 1998 ; 64 : 1796 – 1804 .
  • Satter LD , Slyter LL . Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro . Br J Nutr 1974 ; 32 : 199 – 208 .
  • Schaefer DM , Davis CL , Bryant MP . Ammonia saturation constants for predominant species of rumen bacteria . J Dairy Sci 1980 ; 63 : 1248 – 1263 .
  • Andrade SLA , Einsle O . The Amt/Mep/Rh family of ammonium transport proteins . Mol Membr Biol 2007 ; 24 : 357 – 365 .
  • Burchall JJ , Reichelt EC , Wolin MJ . Purification + properties of asparagine synthetase of streptococcus bovis . J Biol Chem 1964 ; 239 : 1794 – 1798 .
  • Blake JS , Salter DN , Smith RH . Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein-containing and urea-containing diets-ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino-acids . Br J Nutr 1983 ; 50 : 769 – 782 .
  • Hackette SL , Skye GE , Burton C , Segel IH . Characterization of an ammonium transport system in filamentous fungi with methylammonium c-14 as substrate . J Biol Chem 1970 ; 245 : 4241 – 4250 .
  • Marini AM , Vissers S , Urrestarazu A , Andre B . Cloning and expression of the Mep1 gene encoding an ammonium transporter in saccharomyces-cerevisiae . Embo J 1994 ; 13 : 3456 – 3463 .
  • Ninnemann O , Jauniaux JC , Frommer WB . Identification of a high-affinity transporter from plants . Embo J 1994 ; 13 : 3464 – 3471 .
  • Siewe RM , Weil B , Burkovski A , Eikmanns BJ , Eikmanns M , Kramer R . Functional and genetic characterization of the (methyl)ammonium uptake carrier of corynebacterium glutamicum . J Biol Chem 1996 ; 271 : 5398 – 5403 .
  • Rawat SR , Silim SN , Kronzucker HJ , Siddiqi MY , Glass ADM . Atamt1 gene expression and uptake in roots of arabidopsis thaliana: Evidence for regulation by root glutamine levels . Plant J 1999 ; 19 : 143 – 152 .
  • Peng J , Huang CH . Rh Proteins Vs Amt Proteins: An organismal and phylogenetic perspective on CO2 and NH3 gas channels. Transfus Cliniq Et Biolog 2006; 13:85–94.
  • Andrade SLA , Dickmanns A , Ficner R , Einsle O . Crystal Structure of the archaeal ammonium transporter Amt-1 from Archaeoglobus fulgidus . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 ; 102 : 14994 – 14999 .
  • Khademi S , O'Connell J , Remis J , Robles-Colmenares Y , Miericke LJW , Stroud RM . Mechanism of ammonia transport by Amt/Mep/Rh: Structure of Amtb at 1.3.5 angstrom . Science 2004 ; 305 : 1587 – 1594 .
  • Zheng L , Kostrewa D , Berneche S , Winkler FK , Li XD . The Mechanism of ammonia transport based on the crystal structure of Amtb of Escherichia coli . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 ; 101 : 17090 – 17095 .
  • Boeckstaens M , Andre B , Marini AM . Distinct transport mechanisms in yeast ammonium transport/sensor proteins of the Mep/Amt/Rh family and impact on filamentation . J Biol Chem 2008 ; 283 : 21362 – 21370 .
  • Javelle A , Lupo D , Ripoche P , Fulford T , Merrick M , Winkler FK . Substrate binding, deprotonation, and, selectivity at the periplasmic entrance of the Escherichia coli ammonia channel Amtb . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008 ; 105 : 5040 – 5045 .
  • Ludewlg U , Neuhduser B , Dynowski M . Molecular mechanisms of ammonium transport and accumulation in plants . FEBS Lett 2007 ; 581 : 2301 – 2308 .
  • Marini AM , SoussiBoudekou S , Vissers S , Andre B . A family of ammonium transporters in saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mol Cell Biol 1997 ; 17 : 4282 – 4293 .
  • Soupene E , He LH , Yan DL , Kustu S . Ammonia acquisition in enteric bacteria: Physiological role of the ammonium/methylammonium transport B (Amtb) protein . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998 ; 95 : 7030 – 7034 .
  • Kleiner D . Energy-expenditure for cyclic retention of during N2 fixation by Klebsiella-pneumoniae . FEBS Lett 1985 ; 187 : 237 – 239 .
  • Yakunin AF , Hallenbeck PC . Amtb is necessary for -induced nitrogenase switch-off and Adp-ribosylation in Rhodobacter capsulatus . J Bacteriol 2002 ; 184 : 4081 – 4088 .
  • Phibbs PV , Bernlohr RW . Purification, properties, and regulation of glutamic dehydrogenase of Bacillus-licheniformis . J Bacteriol 1971 ; 106 : 375 – 385 .
  • Purich DL . Advances in the enzymology of glutamine synthesis . In Advances in Enzymology and related areas of molecular biology: Amino acid metabolism, Part A ; John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , Hoboken , NJ , 2006 .
  • van den Heuvel RHH , Curti B , Vanoni MA , Mattevi A . Glutamate synthase: A fascinating pathway from l-glutamine to l-glutamate . Cell Mol Life Sci 2004 ; 61 : 669 – 681 .
  • Reitzer L . Nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in Escherichia coli . Annu Rev Microbiol 2003 ; 57 : 155 – 176 .
  • Fink D , Falke D , Wohlleben W , Engels A . Nitrogen metabolism in streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): Modification of glutamine synthetase I by an adenylyltransferase . Microbiol 1999 ; 145 : 2313 – 2322 .
  • Parish T , Stoker NG . Glne is an essential gene in mycobacterium tuberculosis . J Bacteriol 2000 ; 182 : 5715 – 5720 .
  • Schulz AA , Collett HJ , Reid SJ . Nitrogen and carbon regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in corynebacterium glutamicum Atcc 13032 . FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001 ; 205 : 361 – 367 .
  • Erfle JD , Sauer FD , Mahadevan S . Effect of ammonia concentration on activity of enzymes of ammonia assimilation and on synthesis of amino-acids by mixed rumen bacteria in continuous culture . J Dairy Sci 1977 ; 60 : 1064 – 1072 .
  • Woolfolk CA , Shapiro B , Stadtman ER . Regulation of glutamine synthetase I . Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. ArchBiochem Biophys 1966 ; 116 : 177 – 192 .
  • Jenkinson HF , Buttery PJ , Lewis D . Assimilation of ammonia by bacteroides-amylophilus in chemostat cultures. J General Microbiol 1979; 113:305–313.
  • Matheron C , Delort AM , Gaudet G , Liptaj T , Forano E . Interactions between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in fibrobacter succinogenes S85: A H-1 and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Enzymatic Study . Appl Environ Microbiol 1999 ; 65 : 1941 – 1948 .
  • Bryant MP , Robinson IM . Studies on Nitrogen requirements of some ruminal cellulolytic bacteria . Appl Microbiol 1961 ; 9 : 96 – 103 .
  • Duncan PA , White BA , Mackie RI . Purification and properties of Nadp-dependent Glutamate-dehydrogenase from ruminococcus-flavefaciens Fd-1 . Appl Environ Microbiol 1992 ; 58 : 4032 – 4037 .
  • Smith CJ , Hespell RB , Bryant MP . Regulation of urease and ammonia assimilatory enzymes in selenomonas-ruminantium . Appl Environ Microbiol 1981 ; 42 : 89 – 96 .
  • Griffith CJ , Carlsson J . Mechanism of ammonia assimilation in Streptococci . J General Microbiol 1974 ; 82 : 253 – 260 .
  • Kumada Y , Benson DR , Hillemann D , Hosted TJ , Rochefort DA , Thompson CJ , Wohlleben W , Tateno Y . Evolution of the glutamine-synthetase gene, one of the oldest existing and functioning genes . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 ; 90 : 3009 – 3013 .
  • Merrick MJ , Edwards RA . Nitrogen control in bacteria . Microbiol Rev 1995 ; 59 : 604 – 622 .
  • Darrow RA , Knotts RR . 2 forms of glutamine-synthetase in free-living root-nodule bacteria . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977 ; 78 : 554 – 559 .
  • Meister A . Glutamine Synthtase of Mammals . New York , Academic Press . 1974 .
  • Hill RT , Parker JR , Goodman HJK , Jones DT , Woods DR . Molecular analysis of a novel glutamine-synthetase of the anaerobe bacteroides-fragilis . J General Microbiol 1989 ; 135 : 3271 – 3279 .
  • Crespo JL , Garcia-Dominguez M , Florencio FJ . Nitrogen control of the Glnn gene that codes for Gs type Iii, the only glutamine synthetase in the Cyanobacterium pseudanabaena Sp . Pcc 6903. Mol Microbiol 1998 ; 30 : 1101 – 1112 .
  • Garcia-Dominguez M , Reyes JC , Florencio FJ . Purification and characterization of a new type of glutamine synthetase from Cyanobacteria . Eur J Biochem 1997 ; 244 : 258 – 264 .
  • Wen ZT , Peng LS , Morrison M . The glutamine synthetase of Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 Is a family Iii enzyme (Ginn) and glutamine supports growth of mutants lacking glutamate dehydrogenase activity . FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003 ; 229 : 15 – 21 .
  • Amaya KR , Kocherginskaya SA , Mackie RI , Cann IKO . Biochemical and mutational analysis of glutamine synthetase type Iii from the rumen anaerobe Ruminococcus albus 8 . J Bacteriol 2005 ; 187 : 7481 – 7491 .
  • Coutts G , Thomas G , Blakey D , Merrick M . Membrane sequestration of the signal transduction protein Glnk by the ammonium transporter Amtb . Embo J 2002 ; 21 : 536 – 545 .
  • Meers JL , Tempest DW , Brown CM . Glutamine(Amide)-2-oxoglutarate amino transferase oxido-reductase (Nadp), an enzyme involved in synthesis of glutamate by some bacteria . J General Microbiol 1970 ; 64 : 187 – 194 .
  • Tempest DW , Meers JL , Brown CM . Synthesis of glutamate in aerobacter-aerogenes by a hitherto unknown route . Biochem J 1970 ; 117 : 405 – 407 .
  • Fowler MW , Jessup W , Sarkissi GS . Glutamate synthetase type activity in higher-plants . FEBS Lett 1974 ; 46 : 340 – 342 .
  • Antonopoulos DA , Aminov RI , Duncan PA , White BA , Mackie RI . Characterization of the gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdha) from the ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens Fd-1 . Arch Microbiol 2003 ; 179 : 184 – 190 .
  • Camarena L , Poggio S , Garcia N , Osorio A . Transcriptional repression of Gdha in Escherichia coli is mediated by the Nac protein . FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998 ; 167 : 51 – 56 .
  • Hanssler E , Muller T , Palumbo K , Patek M , Brocker M , Kramer R , Burkovski A . A game with many players: Control of Gdh transcription in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Biotechnol 2009; 142:114–122.
  • Schwacha A , Bender RA . The product of the Klebsiella-aerogenes-Nac (nitrogen assimilation control) gene is sufficient for activation of the Hut operons and repression of the Gdh operon . J Bacteriol 1993 ; 175 : 2116 – 2124 .
  • Chavez S , Candau P . An Nad-specific glutamate-dehydrogenase from cyanobacteria- Identification and properties . FEBS Lett 1991 ; 285 : 35 – 38 .
  • Chalupa W , Clark J , Opliger P , Lavker R . Ammonia metabolism in rumen bacteria and mucosa from sheep fed soy protein or urea . J Nutr 1970 ; 100 : 161 – 169 .
  • Britton KL , Baker PJ , Rice DW , Stillman TJ . Structural relationship between the hexameric and tetrameric family of glutamate-dehydrogenases . Eur J Biochem 1992 ; 209 : 851 – 859 .
  • Veronese FM , Nyc JF , Degani Y , Brown DM , Smith EL . Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific glutamate-dehydrogenase of neurospora 1. Purification and molecular-properties . J Biol Chem 1974 ; 249 : 7922 – 7928 .
  • Kawakami R , Sakuraba H , Ohshima T . Gene cloning and characterization of the very large Nad-dependent L-glutamate dehydrogenase from the Psychrophile janthinobacterium lividum, isolated from cold soil . J Bacteriol 2007 ; 189 : 5626 – 5633 .
  • Lu CD , Abdelal AT . The Gdhb gene of pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes an arginine-inducible nad (+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase which is subject to allosteric regulation . J Bacteriol 2001 ; 183 : 490 – 499 .
  • Minambres B , Olivera ER , Jensen RA , Luengo JM . A new class of glutamate dehydrogenases (Gdh) - Biochemical and genetic characterization of the first member, the Amp-requiring Nad-specific Gdh of Streptomyces clavuligerus . J Biol Chem 2000 ; 275 : 39529 – 39542 .
  • Brulc JM , Antonopoulos DA , et al. . Gene-centric metagenomics of the fiber-adherent bovine rumen microbiome reveals forage specific glycoside hydrolases . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009 ; 106 : 1948 – 1953 .
  • Hess M , Sczyrba A , et al. . Metagenomic discovery of biomass-degrading genes and genomes from cow rumen . Science 2011 ; 331 : 463 – 467 .
  • Bryant MP . Nutritional-requirements of predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria . Fed Proc 1973 ; 32 : 1809 – 1813 .
  • Carro MD , Miller EL . Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semicontinuous culture system (rusitec) . Br J Nutr 1999 ; 82 : 149 – 157 .
  • Chikunya S , Newbold CJ , Rode L , Chen XB , Wallace RJ . Influence of dietary rumen-degradable protein on bacterial growth in the rumen of sheep receiving different energy sources . Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996 ; 63 : 333 – 340 .
  • Griswold KE , Hoover WH , Miller TK , Thayne WV . Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture . J Anim Sci 1996 ; 74 : 483 – 491 .
  • Merry RJ , McAllan AB , Smith RH . Invitro continuous culture studies on the effect of nitrogen-source on rumen microbial-growth and fiber digestion . Anim Feed Sci Technol 1990 ; 31 : 55 – 64 .
  • Soto RC , Muhammed SA , Newbold CJ , Stewart CS , Wallace RJ . Influence of peptides, amino-acids and urea on microbial activity in the rumen of sheep receiving grass hay and on the growth of rumen bacteria in vitro . Anim Feed Sci Technol 1994 ; 49 : 151 – 161 .
  • Arcondeguy T , Jack R , Merrick M . P-Ii signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control . Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001 ; 65 : 80 – 105 .
  • Thomas G , Coutts G , Merrick M . The Glnkamtb operon: A conserved gene pair in prokaryotes . Trends Genet 2000 ; 16 : 11 – 14 .
  • Jaggi R , Ybarlucea W , et al.. The role of the T-loop of the signal transducing protein PII from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett 1996; 391:223–228.
  • Jiang P , Zucker P , Ninfa AJ . Probing Interactions of the homotrimeric PII signal transduction protein with its receptors by use of PII Heterotrimers formed in vitro from wild-type and mutant subunits . J Bacteriol 1997 ; 179 : 4354 – 4360 .
  • Forchhammer K , Hedler A . Phosphoprotein PII from Cyanobacteria – analysis of functional conservation with the PII signal-transduction protein from Escherichia coli . Eur J Biochem 1997 ; 244 : 869 – 875 .
  • Kamberov ES , Atkinson MR , Ninfa AJ . The Escherichia-coli PII signal-transduction protein is activated upon binding 2-ketoglutarate and Atp . J Biol Chem 1995 ; 270 : 17797 – 17807 .
  • Little R , Reyes-Ramirez F , Zhang Y , van Heeswijk WC , Dixon R . Signal transduction to the Azotobacter vinelandii Nifl-Nifa regulatory system is influenced directly by interaction with 2-oxoglutarate and the Pii regulatory protein . Embo J 2000 ; 19 : 6041 – 6050 .
  • Smith CS , Weljie AM , Moorhead GBG . Molecular properties of the putative nitrogen sensor Pii from Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant J 2003 ; 33 : 353 – 360 .
  • Jiang P , Peliska JA , Ninfa AJ . The regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase revisited: Role of 2-ketoglutarate in the regulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation state . Biochemistry 1998 ; 37 : 12802 – 12810 .
  • Benelli EM , Buck M , Polikarpov I , de Souza EM , Cruz LM , Pedrosa FO . Herbaspirillum seropedicae signal transduction protein PII Is structurally similar to the enteric Glnk . Eur J Biochem 2002 ; 269 : 3296 – 3303 .
  • Adler SP , Purich D , Stadtman ER . Cascade control of Escherichia-coli glutamine-synthetase – Properties of PII regulatory protein and uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme . J Biol Chem 1975 ; 250 : 6264 – 6272 .
  • Hesketh A , Fink D , Gust B , Rexer HU , Scheel B , Chater K , Wohlleben W , Engels A . The Glnd and Glnk homologues of streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are functionally dissimilar to their nitrogen regulatory system counterparts from enteric bacteria . Mol Microbiol 2002 ; 46 : 319 – 330 .
  • Strosser J , Ludke A , Schaffer S , Kramer R , Burkovski A . Regulation of Glnk activity: Modification, membrane sequestration and proteolysis as regulatory principles in the network of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum . Mol Microbiol 2004 ; 54 : 132 – 147 .
  • Javelle A , Merrick M . Complex formation between Amtb and Glnk: An ancestral role in prokaryotic nitrogen control . Biochem SocTrans 2005 ; 33 : 170 – 172 .
  • Javelle A , Thomas G , Marini AM , Kramer R , Merrick M . In vivo functional characterization of the Escherichia coli ammonium channel Amtb: Evidence for metabolic coupling of Amtb to glutamine synthetase . Biochem J 2005 ; 390 : 215 – 222 .
  • Foor F , Janssen KA , Magasanik B . Regulation of synthesis of glutamine-synthetase by adenylated glutamine-synthetase . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975 ; 72 : 4844 – 4848 .
  • Atkinson MR , Ninfa AJ . Characterization of the Glnk protein of Escherichia coli . Mol Microbiol 1999 ; 32 : 301 – 313 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.