REFERENCES
- Uematsu S, Akira S. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Ligands. Springer-Verlang: Berlin-Heidelberg; 2008:1–14.
- Uenishi H, Shinkai H. Porcine toll-like receptors: the front line of pathogen monitoring and possible implications for disease resistance. Dev Comp Immunol 2009; 33:353–361.
- Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nature Immunology 2001; 2: 675–680.
- Chen J, Qi S, Guo R, Yu B, Chen D. Different messenger RNA expression for the antimicrobial peptides b-defensins between Meishan and crossbred pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37(3):1633–1639.
- Sang Y, Blecha F. Porcine host defense peptides: expanding repertoire and functions. Dev Comp Immunol 2009; 33:334–343.
- Alvarez B, Revilla C, Domenech N, Perez C, Martinez P, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, Domiguez J. Expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in porcine leukocyte subsets and tissues. Vet Res 2008; 39:13–17.
- Zarember K, Godowski P. Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of toll-like receptors mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products and cytokines. J Immunol 2002; 168: 554–561.
- Fazeli A, Bruce C, Anumba D. Characterization of toll-like receptors in the female reproductive tract in humans. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1372–1378.
- Shimada M, Yanai Y, Okazaki T, Noma N, Kawashima I, Mori T, Richards J. Hyaluronan fragments generated by sperm-secreted hyaloronidase stimulate cytokine/chemokine production via TLR2 and TLR4 pathway in cumulus cells of ovulated COCs, which may enhance fertilization. Development 2008; 135:2001–2011.
- Chang J, Russell G, Jann O, Glass E, Werling D, Haig D. Molecular cloning and characterization of Toll-like receptors 1–10 in sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 127:94–105.
- Michailidis G, Theodoridis A, Avdi M. Transcriptional profiling of toll-like receptors in chicken embryos and in the ovary during sexual maturation and in response to Salmonella enteritidis infection. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:294–302.
- Ganz T. Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3:710–720.
- Evans EW, Beach FG, Moore KM, Jackwood MW, Glisson JR, Harmon BG. Antimicrobial activity of chicken and turkey heterophil peptides CHP1, CHP2, THP1, and THP3. Vet Microbiol 1995; 47:295–303.
- Sugiarto H, Yu PL. Avian antimicrobial peptides: the defense role of b-defensins. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2004; 323:721–727.
- Subedi K, Isobe N, Nishibori M, Yoshimura Y. Changes in the expression of Toll-like receptor mRNAs during follicular growth and in response to lipopolyshaccharide in the ovarian follicles of laying hens. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:1227–1235.
- Abdel Mageed AM, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Expression of avian β-defensins in the oviduct and effects of lipopolysaccharide on their expression in the vagina of hens. Poult Sci 2008; 87:979–984.
- Burkey T, Skjollas K, Dritz S, Minton J. Expression of toll-like receptors, interleukin 8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and osteopontin in tissues from pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or serovar Choleraesuis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 115:309–319.
- Sang Y, Yang J, Ross C, Rowland R, Blecha F. Molecular identification and functional expression of porcine Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR7. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:162–167.
- Shi J, Zhang G, Wu H, Ross C, Blecha F, Ganz T. Porcine epithelial b-defensin 1 is expressed in the dorsal tongue at antimicrobial concentrations. Infect Immun 1999; 67(6):3121–3127.
- Veldhuizen EJ, Rijnders M, Claassen EA, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. Porcine beta-defensin 2 displays broad antimicrobial activity against pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Mol Immunol 2008; 45: 386–394.
- Bijttebier J, Van Soom A, Meyer E, Mateusen B, Maes D. Preovulatory follicular fluid during in vitro maturation decreases polyspermic fertilization of cumulus-intact porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2008; 70(4):715–724.
- Council Directive 86/609/EEC. http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/aw/aw_legislation/scientific/86-609-eec_en.pdf.
- ScionImage software. Scion Corporation, version Alpha 4.0.32, USA. http://scion-image.software.informer.com/. Accessed October 2013.
- Pioli P, Amiel E, Shaefer T, Connolly J, Wira C, Guyre P. Differential expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in tissues of the human female reproductive tract. Infect Immun 2004; 72(10):5799–5806.
- Palladino M, Johnson T, Gupta R, Chapman J, Ojha P. Members of the toll-like receptor family of innate immunity pattern-recognition receptors are abundant in the male rat reproductive tract. Biol Reprod 2007; 76(6):958–964.
- Linton N, Wessels J, Cnossen S, Croy A, Tayade C. Immunological mechanisms affecting angiogenesis and their relation to porcine pregnancy success. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:611–629.