Tryptophan alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and inflammation by modulating necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways in piglets

References

• Zhang L, Wang X, Chen S, et al. Medium-Chain triglycerides attenuate liver injury in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs by inhibiting necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes-Gordillo K, Shah R, Muriel P. Oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic diseases: current and future therapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3140673–3140672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Liu Y, Che Z, et al. Dietary L-arginine supplementation alleviates liver injury caused by Escherichia coli LPS in weaned pigs. Innate Immun. 2012;18(6):804–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang FF, Yang Y, Wang LM, et al. Holly polyphenols attenuate liver injury, suppression inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned pigs. Food Agric Immunol. 2022;33(1):35–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao Z, Li J, Shi B, et al. Dietary tryptophan levels impact growth performance and intestinal microbial ecology in weaned piglets via tryptophan metabolites and intestinal antimicrobial peptides. Animals. 2021;11(3):817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie C, Zhang Y, Niu K, et al. Enteromorpha polysaccharide-zinc replacing prophylactic antibiotics contributes to improving gut health of weaned piglets. Anim Nutr. 2021;7(3):641–649.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, et al. L-tryptophan enhances intestinal integrity in diquat-challenged piglets associated with improvement of redox status and mitochondrial function. Animals. 2019;9(5):266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Tao J, Lu J, et al. Dietary tryptophan supplementation improves antioxidant status and alleviates inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in the intestine of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Antioxidants. 2022;11(5):872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohta Y, Sahashi D, Sasaki E, et al. Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury and related dysfunction by L-tryptophan in rats. Ann Clin Biochem. 1999;36(4):504–510.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohta Y, Kongo M, Sasaki E, et al. Therapeutic effect of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. J Pineal Res. 2000;28(2):119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayinde TO, Olayaki LA, Ojulari LS, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of tryptophan in carbontetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. Int J Basic Appl Physiol. 2021;10:25.
   Google Scholar
• Schwabe RF, Luedde T. Apoptosis and necroptosis in the liver: a matter of life and death. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(12):738–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature. 2015;517(7534):311–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon CP, Oberst A, Weinlich R, et al. Survival function of the FADD-CASPASE-8-cFLIP(L) complex. Cell Rep. 2012;1(5):401–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovey CM, Diep J, Clarke BP, et al. MLKL requires the inositol phosphate code to execute necroptosis. Mol Cell. 2018;70(5):936–948.e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu G, Wang B, He B, Feng M, Yu Y. LPS induces cardiomyocyte necroptosis through the Ripk3/Pgam5 signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2021;41(1):32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dondelinger Y, Declercq W, Montessuit S, et al. MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Cell Rep. 2014;7(4):971–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(3):143–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo H, Xie M, Zhou C, et al. The relevance of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Life Sci. 2019;223:69–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley N, Jeltema D, Duan Y, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13):3328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang H, Dai Z, Kou J, et al. Dietary l-tryptophan supplementation enhances the intestinal mucosal barrier function in weaned piglets: implication of tryptophan-metabolizing microbiota. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;20(1):20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Sun W, Liu G, et al. Tryptophan alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced muscle fiber type transformation from type I to II and modulates Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in pigs. Anim Biotechnol. 2023. doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2136679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Hou Y, Yi D, et al. Dietary supplementation with glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in young pigs. Amino Acids. 2015;47(7):1309–1318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo W, Wu X, Jia G, et al. Roles of dietary supplementation with arginine or N-carbamylglutamate in modulating the inflammation, antioxidant property, and mRNA expression of antioxidant-relative signaling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress. Anim Nutr. 2018;4(3):322–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen X, Jia G, Liu G, et al. Effects of apple polyphenols on myofiber-type transformation inlongissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. Anim Biotechnol. 2021;32(2):246–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Lu J, Sun W, et al. Tryptophan supplementation enhances intestinal health by improving gut barrier function, alleviating inflammation, and modulating intestinal microbiome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:919431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Sun W, Wang F, et al. Dietary tryptophan supplementation enhances mitochondrial function and reduces pyroptosis in the spleen and thymus of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Animal. 2023;17(3):100714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Zhao X, Jiang X, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with exogenous catalase on growth performance, oxidative stress, and hepatic apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci. 2020;98(3):skaa067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dremza IK, Cheshchevik VT, Zabrodskaia SV, et al. Hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen. Protective properties of tryptophan-derivatives. Biomed Khim. 2010;56(6):710–718.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagamura Y, Uesugi K, Naito J, et al. Macrophages modulate liver cell function via tryptophan metabolites. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:381–386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Q, Liu D, Song P, et al. Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation, and immune activation. Front Biosci. 2015;20(7):1116–1143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu G, Gu K, Wang F, et al. Tryptophan ameliorates barrier integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Front Immunol. 2021;12:748497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacke F, Luedde T, Trautwein C. Inflammatory pathways in liver homeostasis and liver injury. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009;36(1):4–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, et al. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2018;9(6):7204–7218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim CJ, Kovacs-Nolan JA, Yang C, et al. L-tryptophan exhibits therapeutic function in a porcine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. J Nutr Biochem. 2010;21(6):468–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong X, Li W, Huang X, et al. Impairment of cellular immunity is associated with overexpression of heat shock protein 70 in neonatal pigs with intrauterine growth retardation. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2012;17(4):495–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celinski K, Konturek PC, Slomka M, et al. Effects of treatment with melatonin and tryptophan on liver enzymes, parameters of fat metabolism and plasma levels of cytokines in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease–14 months follow up. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;65(1):75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu R, Wang Y, Zhang L, et al. Oxidative stress and liver disease. Hepatol Res. 2012;42(8):741–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, et al. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(11):26087–26124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao X, Lv M, Yu B, et al. The effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress of liver induced by diquat in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2014;5(1):49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Cabrera J, et al. Melatonin and tryptophan derivatives as free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:379–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Q, Guo J, Li X, et al. Necroptosis underlies hepatic damage in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:633830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Tu Z, Wang H, et al. Flaxseed oil improves liver injury and inhibits necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways following lipopolysaccharide challenge in a piglet model. J Funct Foods. 2018;46:482–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wree A, Eguchi A, McGeough MD, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in hepatocyte pyroptosis, liver inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2014;59(3):898–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Zhang Z, Ruan J, et al. Inflammasome-activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. Nature. 2016;535(7610):153–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Yu S, Wang J, et al. N-acetyl-L-tryptophan attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar