Prevalence and Characterization of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci Isolated from Salted Anchovy

REFERENCES

• Abrahim, A., Sergelidis, D., Kirkoudis, I., Anagnostou,V., Kaitsa-Tsiopoulou, E., Kazila, P., and Papa, A. 2010. Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. In Freshwater Fish and Greek Marketplaces. J. Aquatic Food Prod. Tech. 19: 93–102.
   Google Scholar
• Angulo , F. J. , Nargund , V. N. and Chiller , T. C. 2004 . Evidence of an association between use of antimicrobial agents in food animals and antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance . J. Vet. Med. B. , 51 : 374 – 379 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Araj , G. F. , Talhouk , R. S. , Simaan , C. J. and Maasad , M. J. 1999 . Discrepancies between mecA PCR and conventional tests used for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int , 11 : 47 – 52 . J. Antimicrob. Agents
   Google Scholar
• Arciola , C. R. , Baldassarri , L. and Montanaro , L. 2001 . Presence of icaA and icaD genes and slime production in a collection of staphylococcal strains from catheter-associated infections . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 39 : 2151 – 2156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanassova , V. , Meindl , A. and Ring , C. 2001 . Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw pork and uncooked smoked ham—A comparison of classical culturing detection and RFLP-PCR. Int . J. Food Microbiol. , 68 : 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, R. W., and Lancette, G. A. 2001. BAM: Staphylococcus aureus. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm071429.htm (http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm071429.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Berdgoll , M. S. 1989 . Staphylococcus aureus. In: Food-Borne Bacterial Pathogens , Edited by: Doyle , M. P. 464 – 523 . New York , NY : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Berger-Bächi , B. 1983 . Insertional inactivation of staphylococcal methicillin resistance by Tn551 . J. Bacteriol. , 154 : 479 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger-Bachi, B., Strassle, A., and Kayser, F. H. 1989. Natural methicillin resistance in comparison with that selected by in-vitro drug exposure in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 23: 179–88.
   Google Scholar
• Bhunia , A. K. 2008 . Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens , New York , NY : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC .
   Google Scholar
• Bocchini , C. E. , Hulten , K. G. , Mason , E. O. , Gonzalez , B. E. , Hammerma , W. A. and Kaplan , S. L. 2006 . Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes are associated with enhanced inflammatory response and local disease in acute hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in children . Pediatr. , 117 : 433 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , D. F. J. 2001 . Detection of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in staphylococci . J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. , 48 ( Suppl. S1 ) : 65 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , H. F. 1997 . Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: Molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clin. Microb. Rev , 10 : 781 – 791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, H. F., Archer, G., and Matsuhashi, M. 1989. Low-level methicillin resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33: 424–428.
   Google Scholar
• Costerton , J. W. , Stewart , P. S. and Greenberg , E. P. 1999 . Bacterial biofilms: A common cause of persistent infection. Science , 284 : 1318 – 1322 .
   Google Scholar
• Enright , M. C. 2003 . The evolution of a resistant pathogen—The case of MRSA . Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. , 3 : 474 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority . 2009 . Assessment of the public health significance of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animals and foods. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards . The EFSA J. , 993 : 1 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , D. J. , Falkiner , F. R. and Keane , C. T. 1989 . New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci . J. Clin. Pathol. , 42 : 872 – 874 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerberding , J. L. , Miick , C. , Liu , H. H. and Chambers , H. F. 1991 . Comparison of conventional susceptibility tests with direct detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a in borderline oxacillin-resistant strains of . Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , 35 : 2574 – 2579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillet , Y. , Issartel , B. , Vanhems , P. , Fournet , J. C. , Lina , G. , Bes , M. , Vandenesch , F. , Piemont , Y. , Brousse , N. , Floret , D. and Etienne , J. 2002 . Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton–Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients . The Lancet , 359 : 753 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groom , A. V. , Wolsey , D. H. , Naimi , T. S. , Smith , K. , Johnson , S. , Boxrud , D. , Moore , K. A. , Grundmann , H. , Aires de Sousa , M. , Boyce , J. and Tiemersma , E. 2006 . Emergence and resurgence of methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus as a public health threat . The Lancet , 368 : 874 – 885 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundmann , H. , Aires de Sousa , M. , Boyce , J. and Tiemersma , E. 2006 . Emergence and resurgence of methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus as a public health threat . The Lancet , 368 : 874 – 885 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundmann , H. , Hori , S. and Taner , G. 2001 . Determining confidence intervals when measuring genetic diversity and the discriminatory abilities of typing methods for microorganisms . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 39 : 4190 – 4192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackbarth, C. J., and Chambers, H. F. 1989. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci: genetics and mechanisms of resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33: 991–994.
   Google Scholar
• Henze , U. U. and Berger-Bächi , B. 1996 . Penicillin-binding protein 4 overproduction increases beta-lactam resistance . Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , 40 : 2121 – 2125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , P. R. and Gaston , M. A. 1988 . Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: An application of Simpson's index of diversity . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 26 : 2465 – 2466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitai , S. , Shimizu , A. , Kawano , J. , Sato , E. , Nakano , C. , Uji , T. and Kitagawa , H. 2005 . Characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail raw chicken meat in Japan . J. Vet. Med. Scie. , 67 : 107 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluytmans , J. , van Leeuwen , W , Goessens , W. , Hollis , R. , Messer , S. , Herwarld , L. , Bruining , H. , Heck , M. , Rost , J. , van Leeuwen , N. , van Belkum , A. and Verbrugh , H. 1995 . Food-initiated outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus analyzed by pheno- and genotyping . J. Clin. Microb. , 33 : 1121 – 1128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , C. G. and Anand , S. K. 1998 . Significance of microbial biofilms in food industry: A review. Int . J. Food Microb. , 42 : 9 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie , L. , Goodfellow , J. , Mathieu , P. , Glatt , A. and Simori , A. E. 2002 . Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci from blood culture bottles by using a multiplex PCR assay . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 8 : 2786 – 2790 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie , L. , Matsumura , S. O. , Choi , E. , Louie , M. and Simor , A. E. 2000 . Evaluation of three rapid methods for detection of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 38 : 2170 – 2173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowy, F. D. 1998. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 339: 520–532.
   Google Scholar
• Martin , S. E. and Iandolo , J. 2000 . “ Staphylococcus. In: Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology ” . In J , Edited by: Robinson , R. K. , Batt , C. A. and Patel , P. D. 2062 – 2065 . Waltham , MA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• McClure , J. A. , Conly , J. M. , Lau , V. , Elsayed , S. , Louie , T. , Hutchins , W. and Zhang , K. 2006 . Novel multiplex PCR assay for detection of the staphylococcal virulence marker Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and simultaneous discrimination of methicillin-susceptible from resistant staphylococci . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 44 : 1141 – 1144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDougal , L. K. and Thornsberry , C. 1986 . The role of β-lactamase in staphylococcal resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins and cephalosporins . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 23 : 832 – 839 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami , K. , Minamide , W. , Wada , K. , Nakamura , E. , Teraoka , H. and Watanabe , S. 1991 . Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 29 : 2240 – 2244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano , S. , Kobayashi , T. , Funabiki , K. , Matsumura , A. , Nagao , Y. and Yamada , T. 2004 . PCR detection of Bacillus and Staphylococcus in various foods . J Food Protect. , 67 ( 6 ) : 1271 – 1277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narita , S. , Kaneko , J. , Chiba , J.-I. , Piemont , Y. , Jarraud , S. , Etienne , J. and Kamio , Y. 2001 . Phage conversion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus . Molecular analysis of a PVL-converting phage, phiSLT. Gene , 268 : 195 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . 2003 . Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard M7-A6 , Wayne , PA : Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .
   Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . 2006 . Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition (M2-A9) , Wayne , PA : Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .
   Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . 2008 . Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eighteenth Informational Supplement (M100-S18) , Wayne , PA : Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Normanno , G. , Corrente , M. , La Salandra , G. , Dambrosio , A. , Quaglia , N. C. , Parisi , A. , Greco , G. , Bellacicco , A. L. , Virgilio , S. and Celano , G. V. 2007 . Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in foods of animal origin product in Italy. Int . J. Food Microbiol. , 117 : 219 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth , R. W. , Kahlmeter , G. , Olsson , B. , Liljequist , B. O. and Hoffman , B. 2001 . Methods for identifying methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus . J. Hosp. Infec. , 48 : 103 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorum , H. and L'Abee-Lund , T. M. 2000 . Antibiotic resistance in food-related bacteria—A result of interfering with global web of bacterial genetics . Int. J Food Microbiol. , 78 : 43 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thatcher , F. S. and Clark , A. 1978 . Microorganisms in Foods , 2nd , Toronto , ON, Canada : University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tomasz, A., Drugeon, H. B., de Lencastre, H. M., Jabes, D., McDougall, L., and Bille, J. 1989. New mechanism for methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: clinical isolates that lack the PBP2a gene and contain normal penicillin-binding proteins with modified penicillin-binding capacity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33: 1869–74.
   Google Scholar
• Unal , S. , Werner , K. , Degirolami , P. , Barsanti , F. and Eliopoulos , G. 1994 . Comparison of tests for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a clinical microbiology laboratory . Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , 38 : 345 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasudevan , P. , Nair , M. K. M. , Annamalaji , T. and Venkitanarayanan , K. S. 2003 . Phenotyping and genotyping characterization of bovine mastitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus for biofilm formation . Vet. Microbiol. , 92 : 179 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versalovic , J. , Koeuth , T. and Lupski , J. R. 1991 . Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes . Nucleic Acid Res. , 19 : 6823 – 6831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2002 . Use of Antimicrobials Outside Human Medicine and Resultant Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans (Fact Sheet No. 268) , Geneva , , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , K. , Sarling , J. , Chow , B. L. , Elsayed , S. , Hussain , Z. , Church , D. L. , Gregson , D. B. , Louie , T. and Conly , J. M. 2004 . New quadriplex PCR assay for detection of methicillin resistance and simultaneous discrimination of S. aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 42 : 4947 – 4955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar