853
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPECIAL SECTION: PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Investigating the personality disorder psychotherapy process: The roles of symptoms, quality of affects, emotional dysregulation, interpersonal processes, and mentalizing

, , &
Pages 624-632 | Received 22 May 2013, Accepted 09 Sep 2013, Published online: 19 Nov 2013

References

  • Arnevik, E., Wilberg, T., Urnes, O., Johansen, M., Monsen, J., & Karterud, S. (2009). Psychotherapy for personality disorders: Short term day hospital psychotherapy versus outpatient individual therapy – A randomized controlled study. European Psychiatry, 24, 71–78. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.09.004
  • Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2008). 8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 631–638. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040636
  • Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2009). Randomly controlled trial of outpatient mentalizing-based therapy versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 1355–1364. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040539
  • Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2011). Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Bender, D. S., Morey, L. C., & Skodol, A. E. (2011). Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM-5, part I: A review of theory and methods. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 322–346.
  • Bohus, M., Limberger, M. F., Frank, U., Chapman, A., Kühler, T., & Stieglitz, R. D. (2007). Psychometric properties of the borderline symptom list (BSL). Psychopathology, 40, 126–132. doi:10.1159/000098493
  • Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129–148. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
  • Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss. Vol. I. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Bradley, R., Heim, A. K., & Westen, D. (2005). Transference patterns in the psychotherapy of personality disorders: Empirical investigation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 342–349. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.342
  • Carcione, A., Semerari, A., Nicolò, G., Pedone, R., Popolo, R., Conti, L., … Dimaggio, G. (2011). Metacognitive mastery dysfunctions in personality disorder psychotherapy. Psychiatry Research, 190, 60–71. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.032
  • Chanen, A. M., Jackson, H. J., McCutcheon, L. K., Jovev, M., Dudgeon, P., Yuen, H. P., … McGorry, P. D. (2008). Early intervention for adolescents with borderline personality disorder using cognitive analytic therapy: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 477–484. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048934
  • Chanen, A. M., Jackson, H. J., McCutcheon, L. K., Jovev, M., Dudgeon, P., Yuen, H. P., … McGorry, P. D. (2009). Early intervention for adolescents with borderline personality disorder: quasi-experimental comparison with treatment as usual. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 397–408. doi:10.1080/00048670902817711
  • Clarkin, J. F. (2012). An integrated approach to psychotherapy techniques for patients with Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 43–62. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.43
  • Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. (1999). Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. New York: Wiley.
  • Critchfield, K. L. (2012). Tailoring common treatment principles to fit individual personalities. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 108–125. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.108
  • Davidson, K. M. (2008). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for personality disorders. Psychiatry, 7, 117–120. doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.01.005
  • Davidson, K. M., & Tran, C. F. (2013). Impact of treatment intensity on suicidal behavior and depression in borderline personality disorder: A critical review. Journal of Personality Disorders. doi:10.1521/pedi_2013_27_113
  • De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., Quilty, L. C., Rolland, J-P., Decuyper, M., & Bagby, R. M. (2011). Does personality disorder co-morbidity impact treatment outcome for patients with major depression? A multi-level analysis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 1–15. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.1.1
  • Dimaggio, G., & Lysaker, P. H. (Eds.). (2010). Metacognition and severe adult mental disorders: From basic research to treatment. London: Routledge.
  • Dimaggio, G., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Procacci, M., & Nicolò, G. (2006). Toward a model of self pathology underlying personality disorders: Narratives, metacognition, interpersonal cycles and decision making processes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 597–617 doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.6.597
  • Dimaggio, G., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Nicolò, G., & Procacci, M. (2007). Psychotherapy of personality disorders: Metacognition, states of mind and interpersonal cycles. London: Routledge.
  • Dimaggio, G., Carcione, A., Conti, M. L., Nicolò, G., Fiore, D., Pedone, R. … & Semerari, A. (2009). Impaired decentration in Personality Disorder: An analysis with the Metacognition Assessment Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 16, 450–462. doi:10.1002/cpp.619
  • Dimaggio, G., Salvatore, G., Fiore, D., Carcione, A., Nicolò, G., & Semerari, A. (2012). General principles for treating the overconstricted personality disorder. Toward operationalizing technique. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 63–83. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.63
  • Dimaggio, G., Carcione, A., Nicolò, G., Lysaker, P. H., d'Angerio, S., Conti, M. L., … Semerari, A. (2013). Differences between axes depend on where you set the bar. Associations among symptoms, interpersonal relationship and alexithymia with number of personality disorder criteria. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 371–382. doi:10.1521/pedi_2012_26_043
  • Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Benner, A., Kuipers, A., Feiertag, G. A., Koster, H. C., & van Apeldoorn, F. J. (2006). Comparison of brief dynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapies in avoidant personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 60–64. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.012153
  • Fonagy, P. (1991). Thinking about thinking: some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a borderline patient. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72, 639–656.
  • Giesen-Bloo, J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilberg, W., Dirksen, C., van Asselt, T., … Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference-focused therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 649–658. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.649
  • Gullestad, F. S., Johansen, M. S., Høglend, P., Karterud, S., & Wilberg, T. (2013). Mentalization as a moderator of treatment effects: Findings from a randomized clinical trial for personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 674–689. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.684103
  • Gunderson, J. G., & Links, P. S. (2008). Borderline personality disorder. A clinical guide (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., Mancini, F., & Gangemi, A. (2006). A Hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesses. Psychological Review, 113, 822–841. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.822
  • Jørgensen, C. R., Freund, C., Bøye, R., Jordet, H., Andersen, D., & Kjølbye, M. (2013). Outcome of mentalization-based and supportive psychotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder: a randomized trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 127, 305–317. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01923.x
  • Joyce, A. S., Fujiwara, E., Cristall, M., Ruddy, C., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2013). Clinical correlates of alexithymia among patients with personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 690–704. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.803628
  • Karterud, S., Pedersen, G., Engen, M., Johansen, M. S., Johansson, P. N., Schlüter, C., … Bateman, A. W. (2013). The MBT Adherence and Competence Scale (MBT-ACS): Development, structure and reliability. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 705–717. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.708795
  • Kramer, U., Caspar, F., & Drapeau, M. (2013). Change in biased thinking in a 10-session treatment for borderline personality disorder: Further evidence of the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 633–645. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.791404
  • Kramer, U., Vaudroz, C., Ruggeri, O., & Drapeau, M. (2013). Biased thinking assessed by external observers in borderline personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 86, 183–196. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02056.x
  • Kröger, C., Harbeck, S., Armbrust, M., & Kliem, S. (2013). Effectiveness, response, and dropout of dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder in an inpatient setting. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 411–416. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.008
  • Leahy, R. L. (2002). Decision making and personality disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 16, 209–225 doi:10.1891/jcop.16.2.209.63991
  • Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Linehan, M. M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H. L. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060–1064. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360024003
  • Livesley, W. J. (2012). Integrated treatment: A conceptual framework for an evidence-based approach to the treatment of personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 17–42. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.17
  • Livesley, W. J., Dimaggio, G., & Clarkin, J. F. ( in press). The case for integrated modular treatment for personality disorder. In J. Livesley, G. Dimaggio, & J. F. Clarkin (Eds.), Integrated modular treatment for personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Lysaker, P. H., Gumley, A., & Dimaggio, G. (2011). Metacognitive disturbances in persons with severe mental illness: Theory, correlates with psychopathology and models of psychotherapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2010.02007.x
  • Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438–450. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
  • Marty, P. (1991). Mentalisation et psychosomatique. Paris: Laboratoire Delagrange.
  • McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Streiner, D., Cardish, R., & Links, P. (2012). Clinical outcomes and functioning post-treatment: A two-year follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy versus general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 650–661. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091416
  • McMain, S. F., Links, P. S., Gnam, W. H., Guimond, T., Cardish, R. J., Korman, L., & Streiner, D. L. (2009). A randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 1365–1374. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09010039
  • McMain, S. F., Links, P., Guimond, T., Wnuk, S., Eynan, R., Bergmans, Y., & Warwar, S. (2013). An exploratory study of the relationship between changes in emotion and cognitive processes, alliance, and treatment outcome in borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 658–673. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.838653
  • Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.246
  • Muran, J., Safran, J., Samstag, L., & Winston, A. (2005). Evaluating an alliance-focused treatment for personality disorders. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, and Training, 42, 532–545. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.4.532
  • Nemiah, J. C., & Sifneos, P. E. (1970). Psychosomatic illness: A problem in communication. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 18, 154–160. doi:10.1159/000286074
  • New, A. S., aan het Rot, M., Ripoll, L. H., Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Lazarus, S., Zipursky, E., … Siever, L. J. (2012). Empathy and alexithymia in borderline personality disorder: clinical and laboratory measures. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 660–675. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.660
  • Nicolò, G., Semerari, A., Lysaker, P. H., Dimaggio, G., Conti, L., d'Angerio, S., … Carcione, A. (2011). Alexithymia in personality disorders. Correlations with symptoms and interpersonal functioning. Psychiatry Research, 190, 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.046
  • Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., & Joyce, A. S. (2004). Alexithymia as a predictor of residual symptoms in depressed patients who respond to short-term psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 58, 150–161.
  • Preißler, S., Dziobek, I., Ritter, K., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2010). Social cognition in borderline personality disorder: Evidence for Disturbed recognition of the emotions, thoughts, and intentions of others. Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience, 4, 182. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00182
  • Richardson-Vejlgaard, R., Broudy, C., Brodsky, B., Fertuck, E., & Stanley, B. (2013). Predictors of psychotherapy alliance in borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 539–546. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.801001
  • Ryle, A., & Kerr, I. (2002). Introducing cognitive analytic therapy. Principles and practice. Chichester: Wiley.
  • Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2006). Has the concept of the therapeutic alliance outlived its usefulness? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43, 286–291. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.286
  • Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Dimaggio, G., Falcone, M., Nicolò, G., Procacci, M., & Alleva, G. (2003). How to evaluate metacognitive funtioning in psychotherapy? The Metacognition Assessment Scale and its applications. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10, 238–261. doi:10.1002/cpp.362
  • Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Dimaggio, G., Nicolò, G., & Procacci, M. (2007). Understanding minds, different functions and different disorders? The contribution of psychotherapeutic research. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 106–119. doi:10.1080/10503300500536953
  • Semerari, A., Cucchi, M., Dimaggio, G., Cavadini, D., Carcione, A., Battelli, V., … Smeraldi, E. (2012). The development of the Metacognition Assessment Interview: Instrument description, factor structure and reliability in a non-clinical sample. Psychiatry Research, 200, 890–895. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.015
  • Semerari, A., Colle, L., Pellecchia, G., Buccione, I., Carcione, A., Dimaggio, G., … Pedone, R. ( in press). Metacognition: Severity and styles in personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders.
  • Sheets, E. S., Duncan, L. E., Bjornsson, A. S., Craighead, L.W., & Craighead, W. E. (2013). Personality pathology factors predict recurrent major depressive disorder in emerging adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1002/jclp.22028
  • Solbakken, O. A., Hansen, R. S., Havik, O. E., & Monsen, J. T. (2012). Affect integration as a predictor of change: Affect consciousness and treatment response in open-ended psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 22, 656–672. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.700871
  • Svartberg, M. D., Stiles, T. C., & Seltzer, M. H. (2004). Randomized, controlled trial on the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for cluster C personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 810–817. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.810
  • Taylor, G. T., & Bagby, R. M. (2013). Psychoanalysis and empirical research: The example of alexithymia. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 61, 99–133. doi:10.1177/0003065112474066
  • Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation. Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Thiel, T., Hertenstein, E., Nissen, C., Herbst, N., Külz, A. K., & Voderholzer, U. (2013). The effect of personality disorders on treatment outcomes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders. doi:10.1521/pedi_2013_27_104
  • Tufekcioglu, S., Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., & Winston, A. (2013). Personality disorder and early psychotherapy process in two time-limited therapies. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 646–657. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.843803
  • Vanheule, S., Verhaeghe, P., & Desmet, M. (2011). In search of a framework for the treatment of alexitymia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 84–97.
  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practioner's guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.