Discrepancies in therapist and client ratings of global improvement following cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia and their differential relations with symptom improvement at post-treatment and 12-month follow-up

References

• Achenbach, T. M. (2006). As others see us: Clinical and research implications of cross-informant correlations for psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 94–98. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00414.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, P. L., Price, M., Edwards, S. M., Obasaju, M. A., Schmertz, S. K., Zimand, E., & Calamaras, M. R. (2013). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(5), 751–760. doi:10.1037/a0033559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, P. L., Zimand, E., Hodges, L. F., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 22, 156–158. doi:10.1002/da.20090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmström, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., … Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 677–686. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, S. L., Heinrichs, N., Kim, H.-J., & Hofmann, S. (2002). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as a self-report instrument: A preliminary psychometric analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 701–715. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00060-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory II manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Cooley, M. (1993). Assessing reliable and clinically significant change in social phobia: Validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 332–337. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90033-Q
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Guillen, V. (2008). An Internet-based self-help program for the treatment of fear of public speaking: A case study. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26, 182–202. doi:10.1080/15228830802094775
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackmann, A., Fennell, M., Campbell, H., … Louis, B. (2003). Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 1058–1067. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.6.1058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, K., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). The validity of the brief form of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 345–359. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2004). A symptom-level examination of parent-child agreement in the diagnosis of anxious youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 878–886. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000125092.35109.c5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalrymple, K. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31, 543–568. doi:10.1177/0145445507302037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83–89. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV-TR axis 1 disorders. New York: Biometrics Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., ' Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1025–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Haynes, S. N., Smith, G., & Hunsley, J. (2011). Scientific foundations of clinical assessment. New York: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Hedges, D. W., Brown, B. L., & Shwalb, D. A. (2009). A direct comparison of effect sizes from the clinical global impression-improvement scale to effect sizes from other rating scales in controlled trials of adult social anxiety disorder. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 24, 35–40. doi:10.1002/hup.989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert, J. D., Gaudiano, B. A., Rheingold, A. A., Myers, V. H., Dalrymple, K., & Nolan, E. M. (2005). Social skills training augments the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 36, 125–138. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80061-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G. (2000). Self-focused attention before and after treatment of social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 717–725. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00105-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392–399. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–375. doi:10.1177/0146167283093007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz, M. R., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Hope, D. A., Davies, S., Holt, C. S., … Klein, D. F. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus phenelzine in social phobia: Long-term outcome. Depression and Anxiety, 10, 89–98. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1999)10:3%3C89::AID-DA1%3E3.0.CO;2-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meehl, R. (1954). Clinical versus statistical prediction: A theoretical analysis and a review of the evidence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Davies, S. O., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2002). Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: Using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 661–673. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00134-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowla, A., & Kardeh, E. (2011). Topiramate augmentation in patients with resistant major depressive disorder: A double-blind placebocontrolled clinical trial. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacological and Biological Psychiatry, 35, 970–973. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyth, A. L., & Gottfries, C. G. (1990). The clinical efficacy of citalopram in treatment of emotional disturbances in dementia disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 894–901. doi:10.1192/bjp.157.6.894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto, M. W., Tolin, D. F., Simon, N. M., Pearlson, G. D., Basden, S., Meunier, S. A., … Pollack, M. H. (2010). Efficacy of D-cycloserine for enhancing response to cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 365–370. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruscio, A. M., Brown, T. A., Chiu, W. T., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 38, 15–28. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprinkle, S. D., Lurie, D., Insko, S. L., Atkinson, G., Jones, G. L., Logan, A. R., ' Bissada, N. N. (2002). Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test-retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counselling center sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 381–385. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., Tolin, D. F., Rasmussen, J., & Brown, T. A. (2010). Waitlist controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for hoarding disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 476–484. doi:10.1002/da.20673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch, E. A., Geffken, G. R., Merlo, L. J., Mann, G., Duke, D., Munson, M., … Goodman, W. K. (2007). Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Comparison of intensive and weekly approaches. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 469–478. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31803062e7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavris, C. (2003). Mind games: Psychological warfare between therapists and scientists. Chronicle of Higher Education, 49, B47.
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman, R. H., Levy, K. N., & Loken, E. (2009). Generalizability theory in psychotherapy research: The impact of multiple sources of variance on the dependability of psychotherapy process ratings. Psychotherapy Research, 19(4–5), 397–408. doi:10.1177/0093854810382751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179–190. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westen, D., & Weinberger, J. (2004). When clinical description becomes statistical prediction. American Psychologist, 59, 595–613. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westra, H. A., Arkowitz, H. A., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2009). Adding a motivational interviewing pretreatment to cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1106–1117. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar