3,375
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Client attachment, attachment to the therapist and client-therapist attachment match: How do they relate to change in psychodynamic psychotherapy?

&
Pages 392-406 | Received 14 Sep 2012, Accepted 03 Feb 2014, Published online: 20 Mar 2014

References

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing an interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Aron, L. (1996). A meeting of minds: Mutuality in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, N.J: Analytic Press.
  • Barber, J. P. (2009). Toward a working through of some core conflicts in psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 1–12. doi:10.1080/10503300802609680
  • Barber, J. P., Muran, C. J., McCarthy, K. S., & Keefe, J. R. (2013). Research on dynamic therapies. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 443–494). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
  • Bernier, A., & Dozier, M. (2002). The client-counselor match and the corrective emotional experience: Evidence from interpersonal and attachment research. Psychotherapy: Theory/Research/Practice/Training, 39, 32–43. doi:10.1037//0033-3204.39.1.32
  • Bernier, A., Larose, S., & Soucy, N. (2001). Students’ attachment state of mind and process and outcomes in academic counseling. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Beutler, L. E., Malik, M., Alimohamed, S., Harwood, T. M., Talebi, H., Noble, S., & Wong, E. (2004). Therapist variables. In M. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin & Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed. pp. 227–306). NewYork, NY: Wiley.
  • Bohart, A. C., & Wade, A. G. (2004). The client in psychotherapy. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin & Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 219–257). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol 1. Attachment. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. London: Tavistock Routledge.
  • Berzins, J. I. (1977). Therapist-patient matching. In A. S. Gurman & A. M. Razin (Eds.), Effective psychotherapy: A handbook of research (pp. 222–251). New York, NY: Pergamon.
  • Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Castonguay, L. G. (2011). Psychotherapy, psychopathology, research and practice: Pathways of connections and integration. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 125–140. doi:10.1080/10503307.2011.563250
  • Clarkin, J. F., & Levy, K. N. (2004). The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. In M. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin & Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp. 194–226). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Crits-Christoph, P., Connolly Gibson, M. B., & Mukherjee, D. (2013). Psychotherapy process-outcome research. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.). Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 298–340). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Crits-Christoph, P., Crits-Christoph, K., & Connolly Gibbons, M. B. (2010). Training in alliance-fostering techniques. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 304–319). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Daly, K. D., & Mallinkrodt, B. (2009). Experienced therapists’ approach to psychotherapy for adults with attachment avoidance or attachment anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 549–563. doi:10.1037/a0016695
  • Diener, M. J., & Monroe, J. M. (2011). The relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy, 48, 237–248. doi:10.1037/a0022425
  • Dozier, M., Cue, K., & Barnett, L. (1994). Clinicians as caregivers: Role of attachment organization in treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 793–800. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.62.4.793
  • Eagle, M., & Wolitzky, D. L. (2009). Adult psychotherapy from the perspective of attachment theory and psychoanalysis. In J. Obegi & E. Berant (Eds.), Attachment theory and research in clinical work with adults (pp. 352–378). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Eames, V., & Roth, A. (2000). Patient attachment orientation and the early working alliance: A study of patient and therapist reports of alliance quality and ruptures. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 421–434. doi: 10.1093/ptr/10.4.421
  • Eubanks-Carter, C., Muran, J. C., & Safran., J. (2010). Alliance ruptures and resolution. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 74–94). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Farber, B. A., & Metzger, J. A. (2009). The therapist as secure base. In J. H. Obegi & E. Berant (Eds.), Attachment theory and research in clinical work with adults (pp. 46–70). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Fonagy, P., Leigh, T., Steele, M., Steele, H., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G., Target, M., & Gerber, A. (1996). The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 22–31. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.22
  • Gross, R., Glasser, S., Elisha, D., Tishby, O., Jacobson, D., Levitan, G., & Ponizovsky, A. M. (in press). Validation of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45): Hebrew and Arabic versions adapted for use in Israel. Israel Journal of Psychiatry.
  • Horvath, A. O. (2006). The alliance in context: Accomplishments, challenges and future directions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 258–263. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.258
  • Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 223–233. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.223
  • Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12–19. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12
  • Janzen, J., Fitzpatrick, M., & Drapeau, M. (2008). Processes involved in client-nominated relationship building incidents: Client attachment, attachment to therapist, and session impact. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, and Training, 45, 377–390. doi:10.1037/a0013310
  • Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Klein, R. H. (2007). Termination in psychotherapy: A psychodynamic model of processes and outcomes. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Lambert, M. J., Burlingame, G. M., Umphress, V., Hansen, N. B., Vermeersch, D. A., Clouse, G. C., & Yanchar, S. C. (1996). The reliability and validity of the Outcome Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3, 249–258. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199612)
  • Lambert, M. J., Whipple, J. L., Smart, D. W., Vermeersch, D. A., Nielsen, S. L., & Hawkins, E. J. (2001). The effects of providing therapists with feedback on patient progress during psychotherapy: Are outcomes enhanced?Psychotherapy Research, 11, 49–68. doi:10.1080/713663852
  • Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. E., Scott, L. N., & Bernecker, S. L. (2011). Attachment style. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 193–203. doi:10.1002/jclp.20756
  • Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Kelly, K. M., Reynoso, J. S., Clarkin, J. F., & Kerenberg, O. F. (2006). Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1027–1040. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1027
  • Luborsky, L. A., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998). Understanding transference: The CCRT method. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Attachment, social competencies, social support, and interpersonal process in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 239–266. doi:10.1093/ptr/10.3.239
  • Mallinckrodt, B. (2010). The psychotherapy relationship as attachment: Evidence and implications. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 262–270. doi:10.1177/0265407509360905
  • Mallinckrodt, B. (2011). The psychotherapy relationship as attachment: Evidence and implications. Paper presented at the 42nd International meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Berne, Switzerland.
  • Mallinckrodt, B., Gantt, D. L., & Coble, H. M. (1995). Attachment patterns in the psychotherapy relationship: Development of the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 307–317. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.3.307
  • Mallinckrodt, B., Porter, M. J., & Kivlighan Jr., D. M. (2005). Client attachment to therapist, depth of in-session exploration, and object relations in brief psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, 85–100. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.1.85
  • Messer, S. B., & Wolitzky, D. L. (2010). A psychodynamic perspective on the therapeutic alliance: Theory, research, and practice. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 97–122). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Meyer, B., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2002). Attachment style. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (pp. 367–382). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (2000). Exploring individual differences in reactions to mortality salience: Does attachment style regulate terror management mechanisms? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 260–273. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.260
  • Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Mitchell, S. A. (1993). Hope and dread in psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Mohr, J. J., Gelso, C. J., & Hill, C. E. (2005). Client and counselor trainee attachment as predictors of session evaluation and countertransference behavior in first counseling sessions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 298–309. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.298
  • Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., & Eubanks-Carter, C. (2010). Developing therapist abilities to negotiate alliance rupture. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 320–340). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., Gorman, B. S., Samstag, L. W., Eubanks-Carter, C., & Winston, A. (2009). The relationship of early alliance ruptures and their resolution to process and outcome in three time-limited psychotherapies for personality disorders. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46, 233–248. doi:10.1037/a0016085
  • Norcross, J. C., & Wampold, B. E. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy, 48, 98–102. doi:10.1037/a0022161
  • Obegi, J. H., & Berant, B. (Eds.). (2009). Attachment theory and research in clinical work with adults. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Petrowski, K., Pokorny, D., Nowacki, K., & Buchheim, A. (2013). The therapist's attachment representation and the patient's attachment to the therapist. Psychotherapy Research, 23(1), 25–34. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.717307
  • Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437–448. doi:10.3102/10769986031004437
  • Reiss, S., & Grenyer, B. (2004). Fearful attachment, working alliance and treatment response for individuals with major depression. Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, 11, 414–424. doi:10.1002/cpp.428
  • Romano, V., Fitzpatrick, M., & Janzen, J. (2008). The secure-base hypothesis: Global attachment, attachment to counselor, and session exploration in psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 495–504. doi:10.1037/a0013721
  • Roth, A., & Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Rubino, G., Barker, C., Roth, T., & Fearson, P. (2000). Therapist empathy and depth of interpretation in response to potential alliance ruptures: The role of therapist and patient attachment styles. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 408–420. doi:10.1093/ptr/10.4.408
  • Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2000). Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., & Eubanks-Carter, C. (2011). Repairing alliance ruptures. Psychotherapy, 48, 80–87. doi:10.1037/a0022140.
  • Satterfield, W. A., & Lyddon, W. J. (1998). Client attachment and the working alliance. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 11, 407–415. doi:10.1080/09515079808254071
  • Sauer, E. M., Anderson, M. Z., Gormley, G., Richmond, C. J., & Preacco, L. (2010). Client attachment orientations, working alliances, and responses to therapy: A psychology training clinic study. Psychotherapy Research, 20, 702–711. doi:10.1080/10503307.2010.518635
  • Stiles, W. B., & Snow, J. S. (1984). Counseling session impact as viewed by novice counselors and their clients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 3–12. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.31.1.3
  • Strauss, B. M., Kirchmann, H., Eckert, J., Lobo-Drost, A. J., Marquet, A., Papenhausen, R., & Hoger, D. (2006). Attachment characteristics and treatment outcome following inpatient psychotherapy: Results of a multisite study. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 573–586. doi:10.1080/10503300600608322
  • Summers, R. F., & Barber, J. P. (2010). Psychodynamic therapy: A guide to evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Taber, B. J., Leibert, T. W., & Agaskar, V. R. (2011). Relationships among client-therapist personality congruence, working alliance and therapeutic outcome. Psychotherapy, 48, 376–380. doi:10.1037/a0022066
  • Talley, P. F., Strupp, H. H., & Morey, L. C. (1990). Matchmaking in psychotherapy: Patient-therapist dimensions and their impact on outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 182–188. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.58.2.182
  • Tyrrell, C. L., Dozier, M., Teague, G. B., & Fallot, R. D. (1999). Effective treatment relationships for persons with serious psychiatric disorders: The importance of attachment states of mind. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 725–733. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.67.5.725
  • Vermeersch, D. A., Whipple, J. L., Lambert, M. J., Hawkins, E. J., Burchfield, C. M., & Okiishi, J. C. (2004). Outcome Questionnaire: Is it sensitive to changes in counseling center clients? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 38–49. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.38
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. London: Tavistock.
  • Wiseman, H., & Tishby, O. (2011). The client-therapist ‘dance’: Interplay of client and therapist interpersonal patterns, working alliance and psychothearpy outcome. Final Scientific Research Report: Israel Science Foundation (ISF). [ Grant No. 187/07, 2007–2011].
  • Wiseman, H., Tishby, O., & Barber, J. P. (2012). Collaboration in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 68(2), 136–145. doi:10.1002/jclp.21834
  • Woodhouse, S. S., Schlosser, L. Z., Crook, R. E., Ligiero, D. P., & Gelso, C. J. (2003). Client attachment to therapist: Relations to transference and client recollections of parental caregiving. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 395–408. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.4.395

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.