A re-examination of process–outcome relations in cognitive therapy for depression: Disaggregating within-patient and between-patient effects

References

• Allison, P. D. (2005). Fixed effects regression methods for longitudinal data using SAS. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Andrusyna, T. P., Tang, T. Z., DeRubeis, R. J., & Luborsky, L. (2001). The factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory in cognitive- behavioral therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10, 173–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baldwin, S. A., Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2007). Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: Exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 842–852. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beck A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. doi:10.1037/t00742-000
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16, 252–260. doi:10.1037/h0085885
   Google Scholar
• Boswell, J. F., Castonguay, L. G., & Wasserman, R. H. (2010). Effects of psychotherapy training and intervention use on session outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 717–723. doi:10.1037/a0020088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Hamilton, J., Ring-Kurtz, S., & Gallop, R. (2011). The dependability of alliance assessments: The alliance–outcome correlation is larger than you might think. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 267–278. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023668
   Google Scholar
• Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2011). The disaggregation of within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal models of change. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 583–619. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Young, P. R., Salomon, R. M., … Gallop, R. (2005). Cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 409–416. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenström, F., Granström, F., & Holmqvist, R. (2013). Therapeutic alliance predicts symptomatic improvement session by session. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 317–328. doi:10.1037/a0032258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeley, M., DeRubeis, R. J., & Gelfand, L. A. (1999). The temporal relation of adherence and alliance to symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 578–582. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.67.4.578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Shelton, R. C., Gallop, R., Amsterdam, J. D., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Antidepressant medications v. cognitive therapy in people with depression with or without personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 124–129. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollon, S. D., Evans, M. D., Auerbach, A., DeRubeis, R. J., Elkin, I., Lowery, A., … Piasecki, J. M. (1988). Development of a system for rating therapies for depression: Differentiating cognitive therapy, inter- personal psychotherapy and clinical management pharmacotherapy (Unpublished manuscript), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Relationships that work: Evidence-based Responsiveness, 2, 25–69. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737208.003.0002
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the working alliance inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2, 223–233. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiernan, K., Tao, J., & Gibbs, P. (2012). Tips and strategies for mixed modeling with SAS/STAT® procedures. SAS Global Forum (pp. 332–2012). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings12/332-2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438–450. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasso, K. E., & Strunk, D. R. (2013). Thin slice ratings of client characteristics in intake assessments: Predicting symptom change and dropout in cognitive therapy for depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 443–450. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strunk, D. R., Brotman, M. A., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2010). The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression: Predictors of early inter-session symptom gains. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 599–606. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strunk, D. R., Cooper, A. A., Ryan, E. T., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2012). The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression when combined with antidepressant medication: Predictors of early intersession symptom gains. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 730–738. doi:10.1037/a0029281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasca, G. A., & Lampard, A. M. (2012). Reciprocal influence of alliance to the group and outcome in day treatment for eating disorders. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 507–517. doi:10.1037/a0029947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracey, T. J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the working alliance inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(3), 207–210. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.3.207
   Google Scholar
• Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., & Barber, J. P. (2010). Therapist adherence/competence and treatment outcome: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 200–211. doi:10.1037/a0018912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J. D., & Shelton, R. C. (2012). Predictors of patient cognitive therapy skills and symptom change in two randomized clinical trials: The role of therapist adherence and the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 373–381. doi:10.1037/a0027663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, M., Kivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2014). How does the therapeutic alliance develop throughout cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder? Sawtooth patterns, sudden gains, and stabilization. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 407–418. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.868947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, B. T., Welch, K. B., & Galecki, A. T. (2007). Linear mixed models: A practical guide using statistical software. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman Hall/CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zuroff, D. C., Blatt, S. J., Sotsky, S. M., Krupnick, J. L., Martin, D. J., Sanislow, C. A., & Simmens, I. (2000). Relation of therapeutic alliance and perfectionism to outcome in brief outpatient treatment of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 114–124. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.1.114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar