QUINT: A tool to detect qualitative treatment–subgroup interactions in randomized controlled trials

References

• Bala, M. M., Akl, E. A., Sun, X., Bassler, D., Mertz, D., Mejza, F., … Guyatt, G. H. (2013). Randomized trials published in higher vs. lower impact journals differ in design, conduct, and analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66, 286–295. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonacker, C., Hoes, A., Van Liere-Visser, K., Schilder, A., & Rovers, M. (2011). A comparison of subgroup analyses in grant applications and publications. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174, 219–225. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R. A., & Stone, C. J. (1984). Classification and regression trees. Monterey, CA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software.
   Google Scholar
• Byar, D. P. (1985). Assessing apparent treatment—covariate interaction in randomized clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 4, 255–263. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780040304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, K. M., Ball, S. A., Nich, C., Martino, S., Frankforter, T. L., Farentinos, C., … National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (2006). Motivational interviewing to improve treatment engagement and outcome in individuals seeking treatment for substance abuse: A multisite effectiveness study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81, 301–312. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 12, 671–684. doi:10.1037/h0043943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, K., Timman, R., Hakkaart-Van Roijen, L., Vermeulen, P., Kooiman, K., Passchier, J., & Busschbach, J. V. (2014). The effect of outcome monitoring feedback to clinicians and patients in short and long-term psychotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 629–639. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.871079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, D. O., & Simon, R. (1991). Bayesian subset analysis. Biometrics, 47, 871–881. doi:10.2307/2532645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doove, L. L., Dusseldorp, E., Van Deun, K., & Van Mechelen, I. (2014). A comparison of five recursive partitioning methods to find subgroups involved in meaningful treatment-subgroup interactions. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 8, 403–425. doi:10.1007/s11634–013-0159-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dusseldorp, E., Doove, L. L., & Van Mechelen, I. (2013). Quint: Qualitative interaction trees. R Package Version 1.0. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/package=quint
   Google Scholar
• Dusseldorp, E., & Van Mechelen, I. (2014). Qualitative interaction trees: A tool to identify qualitative treatment-subgroup interactions. Statistics in Medicine, 33, 219–237. doi:10.1002/sim.5933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron, B. (2003). Second thoughts on the bootstrap. Statistical Science, 18, 135–140. doi:10.1214/ss/1063994968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin, I., Gibbons, R. D., Shea, M. T., Sotsky, S. M., Watkins, J. T., Pilkonis, P. A., & Hedeker, D. (1995). Initial severity and differential treatment outcome in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 841–847. doi:0022-006X/95/J3.00
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein, A. R. (1998). The problem of cogent subgroups: A clinicostatistical tragedy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 297–299. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00004-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, C. A. (2006). Gender and use of substance abuse treatment services. Alcohol Research and Health, 29, 55–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullestad, F. S., Johansen, M. S., Høglend, P., Karterud, S., & Wilberg, T. (2013). Mentalization as a moderator of treatment effects: findings from a randomized clinical trial for personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 674–89. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.684103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward, R. A., Kent, D. M., Vijan, S., & Hofer, T. P. (2006). Multivariable risk prediction can greatly enhance the statistical power of clinical trial subgroup analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6, 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent, D. M., Rothwell, P. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Altman, D. G., & Hayward, R. A. (2010). Assessing and reporting heterogeneity in treatment effects in clinical trials: A proposal. Trials, 11, 85. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, P. A., Marlowe, D. B., Festinger, D. S., Cacciola, J. S., McNellis, J., Schepise, N. M., & McLellan, A. T. (2001). Did “Breaking the Cycle” (BTC) clients receive appropriate services? [abstract]. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 63(Suppl. 1), S89 [Presentation at the 63rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; Scottsdale, AZ].
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Lei, M.-K., & Brody, G. H. (2015). Confidence intervals for distinguishing ordinal and disordinal interactions in multiple regression. Psychological Methods, 20, 245–258. doi:10.1037/met0000033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundahl, B. W., Kunz, C., Brownell, C., Tollefson, D., & Burke, B. L. (2010). A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing: Twenty-five years of empirical studies. Research on Social Work Practice, 20, 137–160. doi:10.1177/1049731509347850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGahan, P. L., Griffith, J. A., Parente, R., & McLellan, A. T. (1986). Addiction severity index composite scores manual. Philadelphia, PA: Treatment Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• McLellan, A. T., Kushner, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., Smith, I., Grissom, G., … Argerious, M. (1992). The fifth edition of the addiction severity index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9, 199–213. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90062-S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., Joyce, A. S., & McCallum, M. (2001). Effect of patient gender on outcome in two forms of short-term individual psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10, 69–78.
   Google Scholar
• Peto, R. (1995). Clinical trials. In P. Price & K. Sikoa (Eds.), Treatment of cancer (pp. 1039–1043). London: Chapman & Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Pocock, S. J., Assmann, S. E., Enos, L. E., & Kasten, L. E. (2002). Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: Current practice and problems. Statistics in Medicine, 21, 2917–2930. doi:10.1002/sim.1296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothwell, P. M. (2005). Subgroup analysis in randomized controlled trials: Importance, indications, and interpretation. The Lancet, 365, 176–186. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17709-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & O'Malley, S. (1995). Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout. Addictive Behaviors, 20, 279–297. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00072-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, J. P. (1991). Probability of directional errors with disordinal (qualitative) interaction. Psychometrika, 56, 29–38. doi:10.1007/BF02294583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasca, G. A., Ritchie, K., Conrad, G., Balfour, L., Gayton, J., Lybanon, V., & Bissada, H. (2006). Attachment scales predict outcome in a randomized controlled trial of two group therapies for binge eating disorder: An aptitude by treatment interaction. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 106–121. doi:10.1080/10503300500090928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunis, S. R., Benner, J., & McClellan, M. (2010). Comparative effectiveness research: Policy context, methods development and research infrastructure. Statistics in Medicine, 29, 1963–1976. doi:10.1002/sim.3818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R., Lagakos, S. W., Ware, J. H., Hunter, D. J., & Drazen, J. M. (2007). Statistics in medicine: Reporting of subgroup analyses in clinical trials. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 2189–2194. doi:10.1056/NEJMsr077003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar