Research on the alliance: Knowledge in search of a theory

References

• Abend, S. (2000). The problem of therapeutic alliance. In S. T. Levy (Ed.), The therapeutic alliance (pp. 1–16). Madison, WI: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, H.-N., & Wampold, B. E. (2001). Where oh where are the specific ingredients? A meta-analysis of component studies in counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 251–257. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.48.3.251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, L. B., & Luborsky, L. (1987). The Penn helping alliance scales. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsoff (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 325–356). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Antaki, C. (2008). Formulations in psychotherapy. In A. Peräkylä, C. Antaki, S. Vehviläinen, & I. Leudar (Eds.), Conversation analysis and psychotherapy (pp. 26–42). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aron, L. (1996). A meeting of minds: Mutuality in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bachelor, A. (1988). How clients perceive therapist empathy: A content analysis of “received” empathy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 25, 227–240. doi: 10.1037/h0085337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachelor, A. (1995). Clients’ perception of the therapeutic alliance: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(3), 323–337. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.42.3.323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, S. A., Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2007). Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: Exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 842–852. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1978). The relationship inventory: Later development and adaptations (8, 68). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from: JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1985). The helping relationship: Crisis and advance in theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 13, 279–294. doi: 10.1177/0011000085132006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedi, R. P., & Duff, C. T. (2009). Prevalence of counselling alliance type preferences across two samples. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 43(3), 150–164.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S. (1974). Structural analysis of social behavior. Psychological Review, 81(5), 392–425. doi: 10.1037/h0037024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S., & Critchfield, K. L. (2010). An interpersonal perspective on therapy alliances and techniques. In J. C. Muran, J. P. Barber, J. C. Muran, & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 123–149). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252–260. doi: 10.1037/h0085885
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath, & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 13–37). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Buber, M., & Agassi, J. B. (1999). Martin Buber on psychology and psychotherapy: Essays, letters, and dialogue. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bugental, J. F. T. (2008). Preliminary sketches for a short-term existential-humanistic therapy. In K. J. Schneider (Ed.), Existential-integrative psychotherapy: Guideposts to the core of practice (pp. 165–168). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, S. F., & Strupp, H. H. (1986). Specific and nonspecific factors in psychotherapy: A problematic paradigm for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 23(1), 30–40. doi: 10.1037/h0085590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L. G., & Beutler, L. E. (Eds.). (2005). Principles of therapeutic change that work. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chambless, D. L. (2002). Beware the dodo bird: The dangers of overgeneralization. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 13–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless, D. L., & Holon, S. D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 497–504.
   Google Scholar
• Crits-Cristoph, P., Crits-Cristoph, K., & Connoly Gibbons, M. B. (2010). Training in alliance-fostering techniques. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 304–319). New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M. D. (2011). An empirical evaluation of Luborsky’s biphasic model of the therapeutic alliance within the context of a randomized controlled trial (M.A.). Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., Horvath, A. O., Symonds, B. D., & Wampold, B. E. (2012). Therapist effects in the therapeutic alliance-outcome relationship: A restricted-maximum likelihood meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 642–649. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRubeis, R. J., Brotman, M. A., & Gibbons, C. J. (2005). A conceptual and methodological analysis of the nonspecifics argument. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12(2), 174–183. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpi022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran, J. M., Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2016). The alliance negotiation scale: A psychometric investigation. Psychological Assessment, 28(8), 885–897. doi: 10.1037/pas0000222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin, I., Falconnier, L., Smith, Y., Canada, K. E., Henderson, E., Brown, E. R., & McKay, B. M. (2014). Therapist responsiveness and patient engagement in therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 52–66. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.820855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, R., Bohart, A. C., Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Empathy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 43–49. doi: 10.1037/a0022187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvins, R., & Green, J. (2008). The conceptualization and measurement of therapeutic alliance: An empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1167–1187. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubanks-Carter, C., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2015). Alliance-focused training. Psychotherapy, 52(2), 169–173. doi: 10.1037/a0037596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenström, F., Hatcher, R. L., & Holmqvist, R. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis of the patient version of the working alliance inventory-short form revised. Assessment, 22(5), 581–593. doi: 10.1177/1073191114552472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton, L. R., Cecero, J. J., Nich, C., Frankforter, T. L., & Carroll, K. M. (2001). Perspective is everything: The predictive validity working alliance instruments. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 10(4), 262–268.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferenczi, S., & Rank, O. (1925). The reciprocal effect of theory and practice. In The development of psychoanalysis (pp. 45–53). Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease.
   Google Scholar
• Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., & Horvath, A. O. (in press). Alliance in adults. In J. C. Norcross & M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Volume 1. Evidence-based therapist contributions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Horvath, A. O., Symonds, D., Ackert, M., & Wampold, B. E. (2013). Substance use disorders and racial/ethnic minorities matter: A meta-analytic examination of the relation between alliance and outcome. Journal of Counseling Psychology. doi: 10.1037/a0033161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2017, June). Alliance meta-analysis 2017: Symptom specificity & alliance outcome correlation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, J. D. (1961). Persuasion and healing. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1913). On the beginning of treatment: Further recommendations on the technique of psychoanalysis. In J. Strachey (Ed.), Standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Original work published 1913 ed, pp. 122–144). London: Hogarth Press. Vol. 12.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1928). Fragment d’une analyse d’hysterie [Fragment of an analysis of a case of hysteria]. Revue Française de Psychanalyse, 2, 1–112.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (1963). An autobiographical study. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Heatherington, L., & Diamond, G. M. (2011). Alliance in couple and family therapy. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (2nd ed., pp. 92–109). New York, NY: Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Horvath, A. O., Heatherington, L., Cabero, A., & Martens, M. P. (2006). System for observing family therapy alliances: A tool for research and practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(2), 214–225. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaston, L., & Marmar, C. (1994). The California psychotherapy alliance scales. In A. O. Horvath, & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research and practice (pp. 85–108). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Gelso, C. (2014). A tripartite model of the therapeutic relationship: Theory, research, and practice. Psychotherapy Research, 24(2), 117–131. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.845920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. A. (1985). The relationship in counseling and psychotherapy: Components, consequences, and theoretical antecedents. The Counseling Psychologist, 13(2), 155–243. doi: 10.1177/0011000085132001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfried, M. R. (1980). Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles. American Psychologist, 35, 991–999. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.35.11.991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfried, M. R., & Wolfe, B. E. (1996). Psychotherapy practice and research: Repairing a strained relationship. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1007–1016. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.51.10.1007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, M. M., Matos, M., & Santos, A. (2009). Narrative therapy and the nature of “innovative moments” in the construction of change. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 22(1), 1–23. doi: 10.1080/10720530802500748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grawe, K. (2004). Psychological therapy. Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber.
   Google Scholar
• Greenson, R. R. (1965). The working alliance and the transference neurosis. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 34(2), 155–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenson, R. R. (1967). Technique and practice of psychoanalysis. New York: International University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Greenson, R. R. (1990). The working alliance and the transference neurosis. In A. H. Esman, & A. H. Esman (Eds.), Essential papers on transference (pp. 150–171). New York,NY: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hartley, D. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1983). The therapeutic alliance: Its relationship to outcome in brief psychotherapy. In J. Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies in analytic theories (pp. 1–37). Hillside,NJ: Erlbaum. Vol. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher, R. L., Barends, A., Hansell, J., & Gutfreund, M. J. (1995). Patient’s and therapist’s shared and unique views of the therapeutic alliance: An investigation using confirmatory factor analysis in a nested design. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 636–643. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.4.636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher, R. L., & Barends, A. W. (2006). How a return to theory could help alliance research. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 292–299. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, W. P., & Strupp, H. H. (1994). The therapeutic alliance as interpersonal process. In A. O. Horvath, & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research and practice (pp. 51–84). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Heritage, J. (2011). Territories of knowledge, territories of experience: Emphatic moments in interaction. In T. Shrivers, L. Malanda, & J. Sreensing (Eds.), The morality of knowledge in interaction (pp. 150–183). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O. (2010). Research on the therapeutic relationship: History, findings and future directions. Paper presented at the Israeli Science Foundation: Multiple Lenses on the Therapeutic Relationship Jerusalem, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O. (2011a). Alliance in common factor land: A view through the research lens. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 14(1), 121–135.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O. (2011b, July). The complex world of alliance assessments: Will the real alliance please stand up? Paper presented at the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Bern, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Bedi, R. (2002). The alliance. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions responsiveness to patients (pp. 37–70). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, B. D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (2nd ed., pp. 29–69). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Flückiger, C., Symonds, D., Lee, E., Jafari, H., & Del Re, A. C. (2014). The relationship between helper and client: Looking beyond psychotherapy. Paper presented at the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Copenhagen, Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1986). Development of the working alliance inventory. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 529–556). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Hatcher, R. (2009). Two viewpoints on the future directions for alliance theory. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139–149. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Symonds, B. D., Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., & Lee, E. (2016). Integration across professional domains: The helping relationship. Paper presented at the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, F. A., Gelso, C. J., Fuertes, J. N., Marmarosh, C., & Lanier, S. H. (2010). The real relationship inventory: Development and psychometric investigation of the client form. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(4), 540–553. doi: 10.1037/a0022082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivlighan, D. M., Jr., Kline, K., Gelso, C. J., & Hill, C. E. (2017). Congruence and discrepancy between working alliance and real relationship: Variance decomposition and response surface analyses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(4), 394–409. doi: 10.1037/cou0000216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, M. (1952). The origins of transference. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 33, 433–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Pinsof, W. M., & Mann, B. J. (2007). Therapeutic alliance and treatment progress in couple psychotherapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(2), 245–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00019.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozart, M. F. (2002). Understanding efficacy in psychotherapy: An ethnomethodological perspective on the therapeutic alliance. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(2), 217–231. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.2.217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause, M., Altimir, C., & Horvath, A. O. (2011). Deconstructing the therapeutic alliance: Reflections on the underlying dimensions of the concept. Clinica y Salud, 23(3), 267–283.
   Google Scholar
• Krause, M., De La Parra, G., Arístegu, R., Dagnino, P., Tomicic, A., Valdés, N., … Ben-Dov, P. (2007). The evolution of therapeutic change studied through generic change indicators. Psychotherapy Research, 17(6), 673–689. doi: 10.1080/10503300601158814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, M. J. (2010). Using outcome data to improve the effects of psychotherapy: Some illustrations. In Prevention of treatment failure: The use of measuring, monitoring, and feedback in clinical practice (pp. 203–242). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2002). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (pp. 17–32). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Le Bloc’h, Y., de Roten, Y., Drapeau, M., & Despland, J. N. (2006). New, but improved? Comparison between first and revised version of the helping alliance questionnaire. Schweizer Archiv fÌ|r Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 157(1), 23–28. doi: 10.4414/sanp.2006.01669
   Google Scholar
• Leiman, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2001). Dialogical sequence analysis and the zone of proximal development as conceptual enhancements to the assimilation model: The case of Jan revisited. Psychotherapy Research, 11, 311–330. doi: 10.1080/713663986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingiardi, V., Filippucci, L., & Baiocco, R. (2005). Therapeutic alliance evaluation in personality disorders psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 15(1–2), 45–53. doi: 10.1080/10503300512331327047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luborsky, L. (1976). Helping alliances in psychotherapy. In J. L. Cleghhorn (Ed.), Successful psychotherapy (pp. 92–116). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Luborsky, L., Barber, J. P., Siqueland, L., Johnson, S., Najavits, L. M., Frank, A., & Daley, D. (1996). The revised helping alliance questionnaire (HAq-II): Psychometric properties. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 5(3), 260–271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luborsky, L., Mintz, J., Auerbach, A., Christoph, P., Bachrach, H., Todd, T., … O’Brien, C. P. (1980). Predicting the outcome of psychotherapy: Findings of the Penn psychotherapy project. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37(4), 471–481. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780170113014
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luborsky, L., Singer, B., & Luborsky, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies; “Is it true that everybody has won and all must have prizes”? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995–1008. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760260059004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMartin, C. (2008). Resisting optimistic questions in narrative and solution-focused therapies. In A. Peräkylä, C. Antaki, S. Vehviläinen, & I. Leudar (Eds.), Conversation analysis and psychotherapy (pp. 80–99). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 438–450. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menninger, K. A. (1958). Theory of psychoanalytic technique. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. A. (1997). Influence and autonomy in psychoanalysis. Mahwah, NJ: Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muntigl, P., & Horvath, A. O. (2014). The therapeutic relationship in action: How therapists and clients co-manage relational disaffiliation. Psychotherapy Research, 24(3), 327–345. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.807525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muntigl, P., & Horvath, A. O. (2016). A conversation analytic study of building and repairing the alliance in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 38(1), 102–119. doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.12109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., & Barber, J. P. (2010). The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C. (Ed.). (2002). Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions responsiveness to patients. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C. (2011). Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness (2nd ed.). New York,NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Goldfried, M. R. (2005). The future of psychotherapy integration: A roundtable. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 15(4), 392–471. doi: 10.1037/1053-0479.15.4.392
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Lambert, M. J. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness (2nd ed., pp. 3–21). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Lambert, M. J. (2014). Relationship science and practice in psychotherapy: Closing commentary. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 398–403. doi: 10.1037/a0037418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E., & Howard, K. I. (1987). A generic model of psychotherapy. Journal of Integrative & Eclectic Psychotherapy, 6(1), 6–27.
   Google Scholar
• Peräkylä, A. (2004). Making links in psychoanalytic interpretations: A conversation analytical perspective. Psychotherapy Research, 14(3), 289–307. doi: 10.1093/ptr/kph026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peräkylä, A. (2008). A. Peräkylä, C. Antaki, S. Vehviläinen, & I. Leudar (Eds.), Conversation analysis and psychotherapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peräkylä, A., Antaki, C., Vehviläinen, S., & Leudar, I. (Eds.). (2008). Conversation analysis and psychotherapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, D. A. J., Jr., Stiles, W. B., & Grohol, J. M. (2006). An investigation of session impact and alliance in internet based psychotherapy: Preliminary results. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 6(3), 164–168. doi: 10.1080/14733140600853617
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, E., Fernandes, C., Santos, B., Ribeiro, A., Coutinho, J., Angus, L., & Greenberg, L. (2014). The development of therapeutic collaboration in a good outcome case of person-centered therapy. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 13(2), 150–168. doi: 10.1080/14779757.2014.893250
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, A. P., Gonçalves, M. M., Silva, J. R., Brás, A., & Sousa, I. (2015). Ambivalence in narrative therapy: A comparison between recovered and unchanged cases. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, E., Ribeiro, A. P., Gonçalves, M. M., Horvath, A. O., & Stiles, W. B. (2013). How collaboration in therapy becomes therapeutic: The therapeutic collaboration coding system. Psychotherapy Research, 86(3), 294–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client centered therapy. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosa, C., Gonçalves, M., Sousa, I., & Horvath, A. O. (2017, June). Sequential relationships between alliance, therapeutic innovation and ambivalence markers. Paper presented at the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenzweig, S. (1936). Some implicit common factors in diverse methods of psychotherapy. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 6, 412–415. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1936.tb05248.x
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Crocker, P., McMain, S., & Murray, P. (1990). Therapeutic alliance rupture as a therapy event for empirical investigation. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27, 154–165. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.27.2.154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Kraus, J. (2014). Alliance ruptures, impasses, and enactments: A relational perspective. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 381–387. doi: 10.1037/a0036815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2000). Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Muran, C., & Shaker, A. (2014). Research on therapeutic impasses and ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 50(1–2), 211–232. doi: 10.1080/00107530.2014.880318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samstag, L. W. (2006a). The working alliance in psychotherapy: An overview of the invited papers in the special section. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 300–307. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samstag, L. W. (Ed.). (2006b). The working alliance in psychotherapy [Special section]. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 258–263. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, S. M., Howard, K. I., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1989). The Therapeutic Bond Scales: Psychometric characteristics and relationship to treatment effectiveness. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(4), 323–330. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.1.4.323
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752–760. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.32.9.752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterba, R. F. (1934). The fate of the ego in analytic therapy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 115, 117–126.
   Google Scholar
• Stiles, W. B., Agnew-Davies, R., Barkham, M., Culverwell, A., Goldfried, M. R., Halstead, J., … Shapiro, D. A. (2002). Convergent validity of the Agnew relationship measure and the working alliance inventory. Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 209–220. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.14.2.209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles, W. B., Honos-Webb, L., & Surko, M. (1998). Responsiveness in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 439–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles, W. B., & Horvath, A. O. (2017). Appropriate responsiveness: A key therapist function. In L. Castonguay, & C. E. Hill (Eds.), Therapist effects and therapist effectiveness (pp. 71–84). Washington,DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, H. S. (1938). Psychiatry: Introduction to the study of interpersonal relations. Psychiatry, 1, 121–134. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1938.11022177
   Google Scholar
• Tryon, G. S., Blackwell, S. C., & Hammel, E. F. (2007). A meta-analytic examination of client-therapist perspectives of the working alliance. Psychotherapy Research, 17(6), 629–642. doi: 10.1080/10503300701320611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. S., & Kozulin, A. (2011). The dynamics of the schoolchild’s mental development in relation to teaching and learning. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 10(2), 198–211. doi: 10.1891/1945-8959.10.2.198
   Google Scholar
• Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Hollon, S. D., & Dimidjian, S. (2011). Two aspects of the therapeutic alliance: Differential relations with depressive symptom change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(3), 279–283. doi: 10.1037/a0023252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford,CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zetzel, E. R. (1956). Current concepts of transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 37, 369–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar