A qualitative investigation of the nature of “informal supervision” among therapists in training

References

• Bernard, J., & Goodyear, R. (2013). Fundamentals of clinical supervision. New York, NY: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Betcher, R. W., & Zinberg, N. E. (1988). Supervision and privacy in psychotherapy training. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(7), 796–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff, R. J., Barton, M., Thober, J., & Hawley, R. (2002). Events and experiences impacting the development of clinical self-confidence: A study of the first year of client contact. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 28(3), 371–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeAngelis, T. (2014). Fostering successful clinical supervision: An APA task force has created guidelines that promise to make clinical supervision a more evidence-based and codified part of psychology training. Monitor on Psychology, 45(8), 42.
   Google Scholar
• Eckler-Hart, A. H. (1987). True and false self in the development of the psychotherapist. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24(4), 683–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber, B. A. (2006). Self-disclosure in psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Farber, B. A., & Coren, S. (2015). Discrepancies between beginning psychotherapists’ clinical self-perceptions and their presentation to supervisors and teachers. Bulletin: Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy, 50(2), 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Farber, B. A., & Golden, V. (1997). Psychological mindedness in psychotherapists. In M. McCallum, & W. E. Piper (Eds.), Psychological mindedness (pp. 211–235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Farber, B. A., & Hazanov, V. (2014). Informal sources of supervision in clinical training. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(11), 1062–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Golia, G. M., & McGovern, A. R. (2015). If you save me, I’ll save you: The power of peer supervision in clinical training and professional development. British Journal of Social Work, 45(2), 634–650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, W. K. (2001). The experience of shame in psychotherapy supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(3), 272–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, C. E., Cawyer, C. S., & WatkinsJr, C. E. (1999). A comparison of student and supervisor perceptions of effective practicum supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 18(1), 47–74.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E. (Ed.). (2012). Consensual qualitative research: A practical resource for investigating social science phenomena. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., Knox, S., Thompson, B. J., Williams, E. N., Hess, S. A., & Ladany, N. (2005). Consensual qualitative research: An update. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 196–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., Sullivan, C., Knox, S., & Schlosser, L. Z. (2007). Becoming psychotherapists: Experiences of novice trainees in a beginning graduate class. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 434–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (1997). A guide to conducting consensual qualitative research. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(4), 517–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inman, A. G., Schlosser, L. Z., Ladany, N., Howard, E. E., Boyd, D. L., Altman, A. N., & Stein, E. P. (2011). Advisee nondisclosures in doctoral-level advising relationships. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5(3), 149–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoff, H. M. (1988). Clinical supervision, consultation, and counselling: A comparative analysis for supervisors and other education leaders. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 3(3), 240–252.
   Google Scholar
• Ladany, N., Hill, C. E., Corbett, M. M., & Nutt, E. A. (1996). Nature, extent, and importance of what psychotherapy trainees do not disclose to their supervisors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(1), 10–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legare, C. H., & Harris, P. L. (2016). The ontogeny of cultural learning. Child Development, 87(3), 633–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, P., Kulakowski, D., & Kenfield, J. A. (1994). Clinical supervision practices of licensed psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25(2), 177–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehr, K. E., Ladany, N., & Caskie, G. I. (2010). Trainee nondisclosure in supervision: What are they not telling you? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(2), 103–113.
   Google Scholar
• Morrow, S. L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz, S. A., & Rupert, P. A. (1983). Conflict resolution within the supervisor relationship. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14(5), 632–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerdrum, P., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2002). The trainees’ perspective: A qualitative study of learning empathic communication in Norway. The Counseling Psychologist, 30(4), 609–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E., Botermans, J. F., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2001). Towards an empirically grounded model of psychotherapy training: Four thousand therapists rate influences on their development. Australian Psychologist, 36(2), 139–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putney, M. W., Worthington, E. L., & McCullough, M. E. (1992). Effects of supervisor and supervisee theoretical orientation and supervisor-supervisee matching on interns’ perceptions of supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(2), 258–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rønnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (1995). The evolving professional self: Stages and themes in therapist and counselor development. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Skovholt, T. M., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2003). Struggles of the novice counselor and therapist. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 45–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, D. B. (2010). Partners in thought: Working with unformulated experience, dissociation, and enactment. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Watkins, C. E. (1995). Psychotherapy supervisor and supervisee: Developmental models and research nine years later. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(7), 647–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, E. N., Judge, A. B., Hill, C. E., & Hoffman, M. A. (1997). Experiences of novice therapists in prepracticum: Trainees’, clients’, and supervisors’ perceptions of therapists’ personal reactions and management strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(4), 390–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The maturational process and the facilitating environment. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. London: Tavistock Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Yourman, D. B. (2003). Trainee disclosure in psychotherapy supervision: The impact of shame. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(5), 601–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yourman, D. B., & Farber, B. A. (1996). Nondisclosure and distortion in psychotherapy supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 33(4), 567–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar