1,031
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Empirical Papers

What is the effect of emotional processing on depression? A longitudinal study

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 507-519 | Received 18 Feb 2019, Accepted 01 Jun 2020, Published online: 19 Jun 2020

References

  • Auszra, L., Greenberg, L. S., & Herrmann, I. R. (2013). Client emotional productivity—optimal client in-session emotional processing in experiential therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 23(6), 732–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2013.816882
  • Baker, R., Owens, M., Thomas, S., Whittlesea, A., Abbey, G., Gower, P., Tosunlar, L., Corrigan, E., & Thomas, P. W. (2012). Does CBT facilitate emotional processing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465810000895
  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1997). Terapia cognitiva da depressão [Cognitive therapy for depression]. Artes Médicas.
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Corporation.
  • Carryer, J. R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2010). Optimal levels of emotional arousal in experiential therapy of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018401
  • Castonguay, L. G., Goldfried, M. R., Wiser, S., Raue, P. J., & Hayes, A. M. (1996). Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: A study of unique and common factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.3.497
  • Christensen, L., & Mendoza, J. (1986). A method of assessing change in a single subject: An alteration of the RC index. Behavior Therapy, 17(3), 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(86)80060-0
  • Coelho, R., Martins, A., & Barros, H. (2002). Clinical profiles relating gender and depressive symptoms among adolescents ascertained by the Beck depression inventory II. European Psychiatry, 17(4), 222–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(02)00663-6
  • Coombs, M. M., Coleman, D., & Jones, E. E. (2002). Working with feelings: The importance of emotion in both cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy in the NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39(3), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.39.3.233
  • Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., & Mukherjee, D. (2013). Psychotherapy process-outcome research. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 298–340). Wiley.
  • Diggle, P. J., Heagerty, P., Liang, K.-Y., & Zeger, S. L. (2002). Analysis of longitudinal data (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S., Watson, J. C., Timulak, L., & Freire, E. (2013). Research on humanistic- experiential psychotherapies. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin & Garfield‘s Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 495–538). Wiley.
  • Elliott, R., Watson, J. C., Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Learning emotion-focused therapy: The process-experiential approach to change (1st ed.). American Psychological Association.
  • First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1997). SCID-II personality questionnaire. American Psychiatric Press.
  • First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders. Biometrics Research.
  • Fisher, H., Atzil-Slonim, D., Bar-Kalifa, E., Rafaeli, E., & Peri, T. (2016). Emotional experience and alliance contribute to therapeutic change in psychodynamic therapy. Psychotherapy, 53(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000041
  • Goldman, R. N., Greenberg, L. S., & Pos, A. E. (2005). Depth of emotional experience and outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 15(3), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300512331385188
  • Gonçalves, M. M., Sousa, I., & Rosa, C. (2019). Correlation structure in hierarchical linear modelling: An illustration with the therapeutic alliance. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(5), 626–635. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2374
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Emotion-Focused therapy: Coaching clients to work with their feelings. American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2008). The clinical application of emotion in psychotherapy. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 88–101). The Guildford Press.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2010). Emotion-focused therapy: Theory, research and practice. American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Korman, L. (1993). Assimilating emotion into psychotherapy integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 3(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101172
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2006). Emotion in psychotherapy : A practice-friendly research review. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 62(5), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20252
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for depression (1st ed.). American Psychological Association.
  • Hendricks, M. (2009). Experiencing level: An instance of developing a variable from a first person process so it can be reliably measured and taught. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 16(10), 129–155.
  • Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12
  • Klein, M. H., Mathieu-Coughlan, P., & Kiesler, D. J. (1986). The experiencing scales. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 21–71). The Guildford Press.
  • Korman, L. (1991). Emotion episodes (Unpublished master's thesis). York University, Toronto.
  • Lambert, M., Finch, A. M., Okiishi, J., & Burlingame, G. M. (2005). Administration and scoring manual for the OQ-45.2. American Professional Credentialing Services, LLC.
  • Missirlian, T. M., Toukmanian, S. G., Warwar, S. H., & Greenberg, L. S. (2005). Emotional arousal, client perceptual processing, and the working alliance in experiential psychotherapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.861
  • Pascual-Leone, A. (2018). How clients “change emotion with emotion”: A programme of research on emotional processing. Psychotherapy Research, 28(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2017.1349350
  • Pascual-Leone, A., Paivio, S., & Harrington, S. (2016). Emotion in psychotherapy: An experiential-humanistic perspective. In D. J. Cain, K. Keenan, & S. Rubin (Eds.), Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook of research and practice (2nd ed., pp. 147–181). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14775-006
  • Pascual-Leone, A., & Yeryomenko, N. (2017). The client “experiencing” scale as a predictor of treatment outcomes: A meta-analysis on psychotherapy process. Psychotherapy Research, 27(6), 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1152409
  • Pos, A. E., & Choi, B. H. (2019). Relating process to outcome in emotion-focused therapy. In L. S. Greenberg & R. N. Goldman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of emotion-focused therapy (pp. 171–191). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000112-008
  • Pos, A. E., Greenberg, L. S., Goldman, R. N., & Korman, L. (2003). Emotional processing during experiential treatment of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(6), 1007–1016. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.6.1007
  • Pos, A. E., Greenberg, L. S., & Warwar, S. H. (2009). Testing a model of change in the experiential treatment of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1055–1066. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017059
  • Pos, A. E., Paolone, D. A., Smith, C. E., & Warwar, S. H. (2017). How does client expressed emotional arousal relate to outcome in experiential therapy for depression? Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 16(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2017.1323666
  • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • R Development Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (3.2.1). R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/.
  • Rudkin, A., Llewelyn, S., Hardy, G., Stiles, W. B., & Barkham, M. (2007). Therapist and client processes affecting assimilation and outcome in brief psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 17(5), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300701216298
  • Salgado, J. (2019, June 6–8). ISMAI Depression Project: Final results of a comparative randomized clinical trial of psychotherapy treatments (EFT vs CBT) for major depression [Paper presentation]. Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration (SEPI) 35th Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. https://www.sepiweb.org/page/archives.
  • Watson, J. C., & Bedard, D. (2006). Clients’ emotional processing in psychotherapy: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral and process-experiential therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.152
  • Watson, J. C., Mcmullen, E. J., Prosser, M. C., & Bedard, D. (2011). An examination of the relationships among clients’ affect regulation, in-session emotional processing, the working alliance, and outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2010.518637
  • Whelton, W. J. (2004). Emotional processes in psychotherapy: Evidence across therapeutic modalities. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.392

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.