Flowing Toward Correct Contributions During Group Problem Solving: A Statistical Discourse Analysis

REFERENCES

• Amason , A. 1996 . Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making. . Academy of Management Journal , 39 : 123 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balacheff , N. 1988 . “ Aspects of proof in pupils' practice of school mathematics. ” . In Mathematics, teachers and children , Edited by: Pimm , D. 316 – 230 . London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Bales , R. F. 2001 . Social interaction systems. , New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction. .
   Google Scholar
• Barron , B. 2003 . When smart groups fail. . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 12 : 307 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini , Y. , Krieger , A. M. and Yekutieli , D. 2006 . Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate. . Biometrika , 93 : 491 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanton , M. and Kaput , J. 2003 . Developing elementary teachers' “algebra eyes and ears.” . Teaching Children Mathematics , 10 : 70 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , P. and Levinson , S. C. 1987 . Politeness. , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bryk , A. S. and Raudenbush , S. W. 1992 . Hierarchical linear models. , Newbury Park, CA : Sage. .
   Google Scholar
• Burgoon , J. K. , Dillman , L. and Stern , L. 1993 . Adaptation in dyadic interaction. . Communication Theory , 3 : 295 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• California Department of Education . 2005 . Academic performance index Retrieved May 8, 2007, from www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ar/index.asp
   Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. 1997 . Building on diversity. , Los Angeles : University of California at Los Angeles . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 410 325)
   Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. 2000a . Group problem solving processes: Social interactions and individual turns. . Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior , 30 ( 1 ) : 27 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. 2000b . Status effects on solutions, leadership, and evaluations during group problem solving. . Sociology of Education , 73 ( 3 ) : 175 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. 2001 . “ Analyzing group work processes: Towards a conceptual framework and systematic statistical analyses. ” . In Advances in psychology research , Edited by: Columbus , F. Vol. 4 , 193 – 222 . Huntington, NY : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. and Khoo , L. Conflict between cooperative and competitive goals during group problem solving: Impolite disagreements and perceived leadership , Human Communication Research .
   Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. and Khoo , L. 2003 . Rudeness and status effects during group problem solving . Journal of Educational Psychology , 95 : 506 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. M. and Khoo , L. 2005 . A new method for analyzing sequential processes: Dynamic multi-level analysis. . Small Group Research , 36 : 600 – 631 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , H. H. and Brennan , S. E. 1991 . “ Grounding in communication. ” . In Perspectives on socially shared cognition , Edited by: Resnick , L. B. , Levine , J. M. and Teasley , S. D. 127 – 149 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Cobb , P. 1995 . “ Mathematical learning and small-group interaction: Four case studies. ” . In The emergence of mathematical meaning , Edited by: Cobb , P. and Bauersfeld , H. 25 – 130 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. G. 1982 . Expectation states and interracial interaction in school settings. . Annual Review of Sociology , 8 : 109 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. G. 1994 . Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. . Review of Educational Research , 64 ( 1 ) : 1 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , E. 1998 . Using explanatory knowledge during collaborative problem solving in science. . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 7 : 387 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lisi , R. and Goldbeck , S. L. 1999 . “ Implications of Piagetian theory for peer learning. ” . In Cognitive perspectives on peer learning , Edited by: O'Donnell , A. M. and King , A. 3 – 37 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Dembo , M. H. and McAuliffe , T. J. 1987 . Effects of perceived achievement and grade status on social interaction and influence in cooperative groups. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 79 : 415 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doise , W. , Mugny , G. and Perret-Clermont , A. N. 1975 . Social interaction and the development of cognitive operations. . European Journal of Social Psychology , 5 : 367 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , D. G. and Fisher , A. B. 1994 . Small group decision making, , 4th ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. 2001 . “ Protocol analysis in psychology. ” . In International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences , Edited by: Smelser , N. and Baltes , P. 12256 – 12262 . Oxford, , England : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Franke , M. , Carpenter , T. and Battey , D. 2007 . “ Content matters. ” . In Algebra in the early grades , Edited by: Kaput , J. and Blanton , M. 333 – 359 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Gersick , C. J. G. 1988 . Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. . Academy of Management Journal , 31 : 9 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldbeck , S. 1998 . Peer collaboration and children's representation of the horizontal surface of liquid. . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 19 : 571 – 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , H. 1995 . Multilevel statistical models. , Sydney, , Australia : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Grasa , A. A. 1989 . Econometric model selection. , Boston : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Green , S. B. 1991 . How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis? . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 26 : 499 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackman , M. Z. and Johnson , C. E. 2000 . Leadership. , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland. .
   Google Scholar
• Hinsz , V. B. 1990 . Cognitive and consensus processes in group recognition memory performance. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 705 – 718 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinsz , V. B. , Tindale , R. S. and Vollrath , D. A. 1997 . The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. . Psychological Bulletin , 121 : 43 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirokawa , R. Y. 1983 . Group communication and problem-solving effectiveness: An investigation of group phases. . Human Communication Research , 9 : 291 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtgraves , T. 1997 . YES, BUT $ Positive politeness in conversation arguments. . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 16 : 222 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. W. and Johnson , R. T. 1994 . Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning, , 4th ed. , Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. W. and Johnson , R. T. 2002 . Cooperative learning methods: A meta-analysis. . Journal of Research in Education , 12 ( 1 ) : 5 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy . 2004 . Guide to econometrics. , Cambridge, MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Kieran , C. 1992 . “ The learning and teaching of school algebra. ” . In Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning , Edited by: Grouws , D. 390 – 419 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff , K. 2004 . Content analysis. , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage. .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn , D. , Shaw , V. and Felton , M. 1997 . Effects of dyadic interaction on argumentative reasoning. . Cognition and Instruction , 15 : 287 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labov , W. 2001 . The social stratification of English in New York City. , Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lilien , D. M. , Startz , R. , Ellsworth , S. , Noh , J. and Engle , R. 1995 . EViews. , Irvine, CA : Quantitative Micro Software. .
   Google Scholar
• Ljung , G. and Box , G. 1979 . On a measure of lack of fit in time series models. . Biometrika , 66 : 265 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddala , G. S. and Kim , I. M. 1998 . Unit roots, cointegration and structural change. , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. 1974 . “ Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. ” . In Frontiers in economics , Edited by: Zarembka , P. 105 – 142 . New York : Academic. .
   Google Scholar
• Mercer , N. 2008 . The seeds of time. . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 17 : 33 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels , S. , O'Connor , C. and Resnick , L. B. “ Deliberative discourse idealized and realized ” . In Studies in Philosophy and Education (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Nijstad , B. A. , Diehl , M. and Stroebe , W. 2003 . “ Cognitive stimulation and interference in idea generating groups. ” . In Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration , Edited by: Paulus , P. B. and Nijstad , B. A. 137 – 159 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Orlitzky , M. and Hirokawa , R. Y. 2001 . To err is human, to correct for it divine. . Small Group Research , 32 : 313 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus , P. B. and Brown , V. 2003 . “ Ideational creativity in groups. ” . In Group creativity , Edited by: Paulus , P. B. and Nijstad , B. A. 110 – 136 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pavitt , C. 1993 . What (little) we know about formal group discussion procedures: A review of relevant research. . Small Group Research , 24 : 217 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavitt , C. and Johnson , K. K. 2001 . The association between group procedural MOPs and group discussion procedure. . Small Group Research , 32 : 595 – 624 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Person , N. K. , Kreuz , R. J. , Zwaan , R. and Graesser , A. C. 1995 . Pragmatics and pedagogy . Cognition and Instruction , 13 : 161 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piaget , J. 1985 . The equilibrium of cognitive structures , Edited by: Brown , T. and Thampy , K. L. Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Poole , M. S. 1981 . Decision development In small groups: A comparison of two models . Communication Monographs , 48 : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roschelle , J. 1992 . Learning by collaborating: Convergent conceptual change. . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 2 : 235 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Sfard , A. 2007 . When the rules of discourse change, but nobody tells you. . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 16 : 567 – 615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharan , S. and Shachar , H. 1988 . Language and learning in the cooperative classroom. , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , J. and Coulthard , M. 1992 . “ Towards an analysis of discourse. ” . In Advances in spoken discourse analysis , Edited by: Coulthard , M. 1 – 34 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Slavin , R. E. 1990 . Cooperative learning. , Boston : Allyn & Bacon. .
   Google Scholar
• Sowder , L. and Harel , G. 1998 . Types of students' justifications. . Mathematics Teacher , 91 : 670 – 674 .
   Google Scholar
• Stasser , G. 1992 . “ Pooling of unshared information during group discussion. ” . In Groups process and productivity , Edited by: Worchel , S. , Wood , W. and Simpson , J. 48 – 57 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Stasser , G. and Taylor , L. 1991 . Speaking turns in face-to-face discussions. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 : 675 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasser , G. and Titus , W. 1985 . Pooling of unshared information in group decision making. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 81 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Toulmin , S. E. 2003 . The uses of argument. , Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tracy , K. and Tracy , S. J. 1998 . Rudeness at 911: Reconceptualizing face and face attack. . Human Communication Research , 25 : 225 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui , A. 1992 . “ A functional description of questions. ” . In Advances in spoken discourse analysis , Edited by: Coulthard , M. 89 – 110 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Tudge , J. R. H. 1989 . When collaboration leads to regression: Some negative consequences of socio-cognitive conflict. . European Journal of Social Psychology , 19 : 123 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , N. M. 1984 . Sex differences in interaction and achievement in cooperative small groups. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 76 : 33 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , N. M. 1991 . Task-related verbal interaction and mathematics learning in small groups. . Journal of Research in Mathematics Education , 22 : 366 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , N. M. and Palincsar , A. S. 1996 . “ Group processes in the classroom. ” . In Handbook of educational psychology , Edited by: Berliner , D. C. and Calfee , R. C. 841 – 873 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar