The Effects of Instructor Fear Appeals and Moral Appeals on Cheating-Related Attitudes and Behavior of University Students

REFERENCES

• Aronson , E. 1968 . “ Dissonance theory: Progress and problems ” . In Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook , Edited by: Abelson , R. P. , Aronson , E. , McGuire , W. J. , Newcomb , T. M. , Rosenberg , M. J. and Tannenbaum , P. H. 5 – 27 . Chicago , IL : Rand McNally .
   Google Scholar
• Aronson , E. 1992 . The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback . Psychological Inquiry , 3 : 303 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Aronson , E. 1999 . “ Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept ” . In Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , Edited by: Harmon-Jones , E. and Mills , J. 103 – 126 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Diekoff , G. M. , LaBeff , E. E. , Clark , R. E. , Williams , L. E. , Francis , B. and Haines , V. J. 1996 . College cheating: Ten years later . Research in Higher Education , 37 : 487 – 502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan , F. 2006 . Plagiarism: Prevention, practice, and policy . Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education , 31 : 151 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Educational Testing Service (1999). Cheating fact sheet. www.nocheating.org/adcouncil/research/cheatingfactsheet.html (http://www.nocheating.org/adcouncil/research/cheatingfactsheet.html)
   Google Scholar
• Engler , J. N. , Landau , J. D. and Epstein , M. 2008 . Keeping up with the Joneses: Students' perception of academically dishonest behavior . Teaching of Psycholoygi , 35 : 99 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger , L. 1957 . A theory of cognitive dissonance , Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gerdeman , R. 2000 . Academic dishonesty and the community college . ERIC Digest , ED447840
   Google Scholar
• Haines , V. J. , Diekhoff , G. M. , LaBeff , E. E. and Clark , R. E. 1986 . College cheating: Immaturity, lack of commitment, and the neutralizing attitude . Research in Higher Education , 25 : 342 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding , T. S. , Mayhew , M. J. , Finelli , C. J. and Carpenter , D. D. 2007 . The theory of planned behavior as a model of academic dishonest in engineering and humanities undergraduates . Ethics & Behavior , 17 : 255 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBeff , E. E. , Clark , R. E. , Haines , V. J. and Diekhoff , G. M. 1990 . Situational ethics and college student cheating . Sociological Inquiry , 60 : 190 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , G. M. and Friedrich , J. 2005 . Deviance and integrity as predictors of academic dishonesty . Ethics & Behavior , 15 : 15 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. L. 1997 . Classroom cheating among natural science and engineering majors . Science and Engineering Ethics , 3 : 433 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. L. 2007 . The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students . Sociological Inquiry , 62 : 365 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. L. and Trevino , L. K. 1996 . What we know about cheating in college: Longitudinal trends and recent developments . Change , 28 : 29 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. L. , Trevino , L. K. and Butterfield , K. 2001 . Dishonesty in academic environments: The influence of peer reporting requirements . Journal of Higher Education , 72 January–February : 29 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeachie , W. J. 2006 . McKeachie's teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers , Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• McMurtry, K. (2001). E-cheating: Combating a 21st-century challenge. T.H.E Journal Online. http://www.thejournal.com/magazine/vault/A3724.cfm (http://www.thejournal.com/magazine/vault/A3724.cfm)
   Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , D. J. 2002 . Persuasion: Theory and research , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• O'Rourke , J. , Barnes , J. , Deaton , A. , Fulks , K. , Ryan , K. and Rettinger , D. A. 2010 . Imitation is the sincerest form of cheating: The influence of direct knowledge and attitudes on academic dishonesty . Ethics & Behavior , 20 : 47 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passow , H. J. , Mayhew , M. J. , Finelli , C. J. , Harding , T. S. and Carpenter , D. D. 2006 . Factors influencing engineering students' decisions to cheat by type of assessment . Research in Higher Education , 47 : 643 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulvers , K. and Diekhoff , G. 1999 . The relationship between academic dishonesty and college classroom environment . Research in Higher Education , 40 : 487 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rettinger , D. A. and Kramer , Y. 2009 . Situational and personal causes of student cheating . Research in Higher Education , 50 : 293 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , R. W. 1983 . “ Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation ” . In Social psychophysiology , Edited by: Cacioppo , J. and Petty , R. 153 – 176 . New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt , D. R. 1964 . The invocation of moral obligation . Sociometry , 27 : 299 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Travis , C. and Aronson , E. 2007 . Mistakes were made (but not by me): Why we justify foolish beliefs, bad decisions, and hurtful acts , Orlando , FL : Harcourt .
   Google Scholar
• Underwood , J. and Szabo , A. 2003 . Academic offenses and e-learning: individual propensities in cheating . British Journal of Educational Technology , 34 : 467 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley , B. 1998 . Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review . Research in Higher Education , 39 : 235 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley , B. E. Jr. and Keith-Spiegel , P. 2001 . Academic integrity as an institutional issue . Ethics & Behavior , 11 : 325 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte , K. 1992 . Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model . Communication Monographs , 59 : 329 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte , K. , Berkowitz , J. M. , Cameron , K. A. and McKeon , J. K. 1998 . Preventing the spread of genital warts: Using fear appeals to promote self-protective behaviors . Health Education & Behavior , 25 : 571 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wowra , S. A. 2007 . Oral identities, social anxiety, and academic dishonesty among American college students . Ethics & Behavior , 17 : 303 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yardley , J. , Rodriguez , M. D. and Bates , S. C. 2009 . True confessions?: Alumni's retrospective reports on undergraduates cheating behaviors . Ethics & Behavior , 19 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar